Chinese name: lavender
Latin scientific name: lavender
Nicknames: perfume plants, herbs, herbs, yellow herbs.
Field: the field of plants
Door: angiosperm magnolia door
Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia
Objective: Labiatae Labiatae.
Family: Labiatae
Genus: lavender.
morphological character
Purple lavender lavender perennial herbs or shrubs, although called grass, are actually purple-blue flowers. Lavender is clustered and branched, usually growing vertically. According to different varieties, the plant height is 30 ~ 40 cm and 45 ~ 90 cm. In mountainous areas with quite high altitude, a single plant can grow to1m. Leaves alternate, elliptic-lanceolate, or large needle-shaped, and the leaf margin rolls back. Spike terminal, 15 ~ 25 cm long; Corolla lower tubular, upper lip-shaped, upper lip 2-cleft, lower lip 3-cleft; The flowers are about 1.2 cm long and have blue, deep purple, pink, white and other colors. The common color is purple-blue, and the flowering period is from June to August. The whole plant has a faint aroma with a slight woody sweetness. Because the villi on flowers, leaves and stems contain oil glands, they will burst when touched lightly and release fragrance.
Color feature
Blue, purple, blue-purple, pink, white, yellow Most blue and purple lavender is native to the Mediterranean region of southern Europe and the southern foothills of the Alps. There are two kinds of pink lavender (including Provence), French lavender and Lohden pink lavender are native to Scotland. White lavender is native to Scotland, northern England and Wales.
geographical distribution
Originated from the Mediterranean coast, Europe and Oceania islands, such as Provence, a small town in southern France, are widely planted in Britain and Yugoslavia, and now Tennessee in the United States and Hokkaido in Japan are also heavily planted. The northern foot of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang is at the same latitude as Provence in France, with similar climate and soil conditions. It is a lavender planting base and the hometown of lavender in China. Lavender in Xinjiang has become one of the eight famous varieties in the world. Like to do it. These flowers are spike-shaped and have slender stems. The flowers are covered with star-shaped fine hairs, with purple-blue florets at the tip and gray-green narrow leaves. These plants can reach a height of 90 cm and usually bloom in June. Whenever the wind blows, a whole lavender field fluctuates like a deep purple wave, which is very beautiful.
Cultivation management
It is a perennial shrub and can be used for about 10 years. Wide variety, easy cultivation, sunshine-loving, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant and salt-resistant. The cultivation site needs sufficient sunshine and good ventilation. Time from sowing to flowering (or harvesting): 18 ~ 20 weeks. Lavender should be cultivated in large containers. But in order to prevent it from getting too wet, you can use a pottery jar or a smaller plastic jar, and don't use a big jar unless it is quite large. Lavender can't stand high temperature and humidity, and it will die after being flooded for a long time. When planting outdoors, be careful not to let the rain directly rain on the plants. After May, it is necessary to move the place out of direct sunlight, increase ventilation to reduce the ambient temperature and keep cool, so as to spend the hot summer safely. Pay attention to sunshine, moisture, temperature and patience. 1. Soil: Suitable for weak alkaline or neutral sandy soil. Special attention should be paid to the selection of substrates with good drainage, which can be mixed with 1/3 pearl clay, 1/3 vermiculite and 1/3 sphagnum moss. If it is cultivated in the open field, pay attention to the drainage of the soil, and raise the mound into a border before planting. 2. Watering: Lavender doesn't like to keep water in its roots. After the first watering, water should be supplied when the soil is dry. The surface medium was dry and the inside was moist, and the leaves wilted slightly. Water in the morning, avoid the sun, and don't splash water on leaves and flowers, otherwise it will rot and breed pests and diseases. Continuous humid environment will make the roots grow poorly, there is not enough air to breathe, and even the whole plant will die suddenly. This is often the reason for the failure of lavender cultivation. 3. Illumination: Lavender is an all-day plant, which needs sufficient sunshine and a suitable humid environment. The environment that can give full sunshine is better, and it can grow in half sunshine, but there are few flowers. In summer, lavender should block at least 50% of sunlight when it opens from May to 10 every year, and increase ventilation to reduce the ambient temperature, so that although it grows weakly, it will not die. Lavender can grow well on the flat ground in winter, so it should be cultivated in sunny places. 4. Temperature: Lavender is semi-heat-resistant, so it is cool. It likes warm in winter and cool in summer. The suitable growth temperature is 15 ~ 25℃, and it can grow at 5 ~ 30℃. Limit temperature: above 35℃, above 38 ~ 40℃ for a long time, and the top stems and leaves turn yellow. In northern winter, when the temperature is lower than 0℃ for a long time, the seedlings begin to hibernate, during which the seedlings can tolerate the low temperature of -20 ~-25℃. 5. Fertilization: When fertilizing, you can put bone meal as the base fertilizer (once every three months) in the pot soil, and then apply a fertilizer with higher phosphorus fertilizer, such as Huabao No.3 (20-30-20). Apply light fertilizer. 6. Pruning: Lavender flower essential oil is the most abundant, and it is mainly used in flowers or inflorescences. In order to facilitate harvesting, some small inflorescences in the early stage of cultivation may wish to be leveled with scissors, and the newly grown inflorescences are of the same height, which is conducive to one-time harvesting. Some varieties can be as high as 90 cm, and this method is also used to make plants low, promote more branches and flowers, and increase harvest. Pruning must be carried out after flowering, and the plant can be pruned to 2/3 of its original size, so that the plant type will be stronger and conducive to growth. Pruning should be carried out in cold seasons such as spring and autumn, generally in spring, and pruning in autumn will affect cold tolerance. When pruning, be careful not to cut off the lignified part, lest the plant weaken and die. 7 Common diseases: When the annual sowing seedlings or cuttings are damaged, the plants wilt, lose water, the leaves are dull, and the top of leaves and branches bend downward, which is most obvious in bud stage. Light can recover at night, and heavy will die in two or three days, with rotten roots and brown shiny stems. In addition to pathological manifestations, seedlings over three years old have wilting symptoms at the center or edge of the plant, which gradually develop inward and outward, and the branches wilt and die, and finally the whole plant dies. The degree of damage varies with the age and variety of trees. Generally, it starts in May and reaches its peak in July and August. The incidence of lavender in France is serious, and the varieties of 2-4 17 in the former Soviet Union are relatively light.
Main classification
There are 28 kinds of native lavender in the world. Lavender in Provence is mainly divided into three categories: 1. Native lavender: also known as British lavender, it has the best quality and is mostly used to make high-grade perfumes and spices, with thin leaves and short spikes. 2. Long spike lavender: also known as mint lavender, with wide leaves and long stems and spikes. 3. Mixed lavender: it is a mixture of the above two and has been cultivated in large quantities. Nowadays, lavender in the flower fields of Provence is mostly this kind. In addition to the varieties that specialize in refining essential oils, there are some varieties that can be used as cut flowers or flower beds. At present, there are sweet lavender, feather lavender, tooth lavender and true lavender. The winner of the National Flower Variety Breeding Award, Mrs. Lavender, is the most eye-catching among the combination potted plants. It is most suitable for annual cultivation, sowing this autumn, blooming luxuriant and fragrant flowers next spring, and keeping the neat and consistent plants blooming. Lavender in Munster has light blue flowers from June to August every year, and its leaves are gray-green, lace and fragrant. Bloom was later than "Mrs. Lavender" and the neatness was not as good as "Mrs. Lavender". Lavender is divided into two varieties, namely English lavender and French lavender. But don't call it where it grows. Lavender grown in Provence, France is British lavender, which is cold-resistant.
Common varieties
* Lavender angustifolia * Lavender canarium * Lavender dentatum * Lavender cottonleaf * Lavender angustifolia * Lavender pinnatifida * Lavender brevifolia * Lavender green.
application area
Lavender angustifolia is the most commonly cultivated variety in this genus, and many different varieties have been cultivated at present. Other species that are often planted for viewing are Spanish lavender, lavender with teeth leaves and lavender with fern leaves. Lavender spikes can be used as dried flowers and decorations. Lavender, fragrant flowers and flower buds can be used as incense pots and sachets, and dried flowers can be sealed as sachets. Putting sachets in the closet can make clothes fragrant and prevent insects from eating them. The commercial cultivation of lavender is mainly to extract lavender essential oil from lavender flowers, which can be used as disinfectant and aromatherapy essential oil. Spanish lavender (native to China) was introduced into Australia and became an invasive species in all parts of Australia. Lavender in cultivation garden: Lavender flowers in Spain secrete a lot of nectar, which can produce high-quality honey. Countries around the Mediterranean are the main producing areas of lavender honey. Lavender flowers can be used as lavender jam, and can also be used as materials and decorations for western pastry cakes. Lavender can be used as a spice when cooking food, and can also be used alone or mixed with other herbs to make Provence spices.
Application value
1. Its basic value is that its leaves are beautiful and elegant, and its blue-purple inflorescences are beautiful. It is a new perennial cold-resistant flower in the courtyard, suitable for cluster planting or strip planting, and can also be potted for viewing. It is also an important flavor raw material in the world today. Lavender can also be used as medicine, and it is also a good honey source plant. Lavender was a very common herb in Roman times, and it was called "second only to vanilla" because of its most effective. Lavender, also known as "aromatic herb", is suitable for any skin, promoting cell regeneration, accelerating wound healing, improving acne, abscess and eczema, and balancing sebum secretion. It has miraculous effect on burn and sunburn, and can inhibit bacteria and reduce scars. It has been widely used in medical treatment since ancient times. Both stems and leaves can be used as medicine, which has the effects of strengthening stomach, sweating and relieving pain. It is a good medicine for treating cold, abdominal pain and eczema. It has a wide curative effect and can treat at least more than 70 diseases. Widely distributed and easy to obtain, it was called "the herb of the poor" in the era of lack of medicine and medicine in ancient times. Lavender is also called "quiet perfume plant", and the flower language is "fragrance". The whole plant is fragrant, the fragrance of the plant remains unchanged after drying, and the flowers can also be used as sachets. Its fragrance can refresh the mind, improve eyesight, make people comfortable, and repel mosquitoes and flies. Putting a few hay in the wardrobe and bookcase can repel insects and prevent moth, and the fragrance can last for several years. 1999 Lavender was selected as an annual herb by the International Vanilla Association. Lavender has almost no pests and diseases, so there is no need to spray pesticides. The utilization part is mainly dried flowers or flowers. When harvesting, cut the inflorescence with scissors. Generally, sunny day 10 am is the best harvesting time. If you want to preserve it and dry it for later use, you can also put it indoors for incense. Pharmacologically, lavender has the effects of calming the nerves, treating insomnia and promoting appetite, but the appropriate dosage for one day is 3-5g, and the essential oil is 1-4 drops. Bathing and burning incense are not allowed. A: Cut flowering branches can be directly inserted into vases for viewing, and dried branches can also be woven into fragrant garlands. B: Put about 100 grams of lavender in a small cloth bag and flow into the bathtub with hot water. Be careful not to get too hot. Too hot will make the skin sweat and unable to absorb effective ingredients. After washing, the whole body smells good, I feel very comfortable, and then I have a good sleep, and the whole SPA is completed. Helps blood circulation and has the effect of avoiding mosquitoes and flies. Lavender is also produced in China, but it is not known whether it comes from the Mediterranean. Because its flowers are like wheat ears, the inflorescence axis is sparsely short and white, which is called "wheat bran grass" in rural areas of China. Its leaves are rough on both sides, short and strigose, ovoid or broadly ovoid, with a length of 3 ~ 1 1 cm and a width of 1.5 ~ 7.5 cm. Its apex is tapered, its base is round or broadly wedge-shaped, its edges are coarsely serrated, and its petiole is 1 ~ 8 cm long. It can treat skin itching and dampness. Whenever the wind blows, a whole lavender field fluctuates like a deep purple wave, which is very beautiful. In the Middle Ages, lavender was widely used by medical units in western European society, and its insecticidal and antibacterial effects have long been affirmed. People used to put lavender bags in the cupboard to repel insects. The Romans praised its antibacterial ability, bathing and cleaning wounds with lavender. After bathing in summer, apply its moisturizing cream to the whole body, which can also be used to resist mosquito bites. Lavender is an aromatic plant in Labiatae. Because of its pleasant smell, it is the most popular one in the herb garden and is known as "the queen of fragrant herbs". Because of its rich aroma, it makes people feel peaceful and calm, and has the effect of cleaning body and mind. The ancient Romans often used lavender to bathe in incense, while the Greeks used lavender to treat cough. Chefs in France and other western European countries use it in food, such as cake decoration, or soak it in ordinary oil. As the raw material of perfume, it has a history of many years. Lavender oil is one of the main components of the famous French perfume chanel no.5, which has been widely used in beauty products in recent years. Although it has little effect on changing skin quality, people like its fragrance. Lavender is used to make pillows. The main functions of lavender pillow are: pleasant fragrance, calming the nerves, relaxing the body, caring and calming the mood. Made of wild air-dried lavender, the filler: lavender+hollow fiber. "Lavender has a pleasant fragrance, which can calm the mind, relax the body, care and relieve the mood." In folk medicine, lavender has a good effect on pain, stroke and paralysis. Because of its beautiful color and charming fragrance, lavender has gradually stepped out of the category of traditional herbs. When people sleep, the temperature of the head makes the effective components of the medicine in the pillow slowly emit fragrance and condense on the feet around the pillow. Through the absorption of drugs by oral cavity, pharyngeal mucosa and skin, the effects of dredging qi and blood, smelling incense and treating diseases can be achieved, so that you can play a role in maintaining health during sleep. 3. Lavender herb tea A: Lavender is an evergreen aromatic shrub, native to southern Europe. Narrow leaves are gray and fluffy, and flowers are gray-blue and grow on slender stems. Leaves, flowers and stems are covered with oil glands, and the smell is elegant and fragrant. B. Lavender has been a very common herb since Roman times. Because of its greatest efficacy, it has the reputation of "vanilla" and is called "after vanilla". The fragrance of lavender can refresh the mind, make people feel comfortable, relieve anxiety and drive away mosquitoes and flies. Putting a few hay in the wardrobe and bookcase can repel insects and prevent moth, and the fragrance will last for several years, extending the service life of clothes. 1999 Lavender was selected as an annual herb by the International Vanilla Association. C. Lavender is more and more popular because of its mellow smell. Drinking lavender tea can regulate the normal secretion of sebaceous glands, benefit oily skin and oily hair, improve sleep and play a role in beauty and health care. In addition, lavender is also widely used in menstruation, eczema, acne, weight loss and other fields. D. the quality identification of lavender is mainly based on smell. The stronger the flavor of lavender, the better the quality of lavender, while the ordinary lavender is light and not mellow enough. You can personally identify it with your nose and learn some knowledge while tasting it! Caution: Do not touch metal utensils during use. Metals will react with the pharmacological components of herbal tea and natural powder, which will affect the effect! Lavender is suitable for wedding photography. Lavender wedding photography is a location wedding photo, which is to take wedding photos for new people in lavender farm. Indoor wedding photography is out of fashion, and new people prefer outdoor scenery. After wedding photography turned to the trend of location shooting, lavender wedding photos, which represent love and missing, are even more popular with prospective couples!
Herbal therapy
Lavender has been widely used in herbal medicine. It is said that lavender oil can relieve and treat insect bites, and lavender bouquets can repel insects. It is said that lavender oil can relieve the symptoms of headache. Lavender is often used to help you sleep: adding lavender seeds and flowers to your pillow can help you sleep; Or drink a cup of lavender tea before going to bed and add a little lavender oil to a cup of hot water, which has a calming and relaxing effect. It is said that lavender oil (or extracted essential oil), lavender oil 1, water and rose water (or witch hazel water) 10, and mixed diluents can treat acne. Lavender oil can also be used to treat skin burns or inflammation (traditional Iranian therapy). This treatment is supported by scientific evidence, because it has anti-inflammatory effect, but it must be used with caution, because lavender oil is also a strong allergen.
Other applications
Lavender powder has the functions of treating acne, caring hair, relieving pain and tranquilizing mind, regulating endocrine, caring skin, calming the mind, fading scars, eliminating acne marks, improving sleep, improving female diseases and eliminating depression. ● Introduction Lavender is known as the "King of Herbs", with fresh and elegant aroma and mild nature. It is considered to be the most calming, soothing and hypnotic plant. Relieve tension, soothe the mind, calm the mood, heal wounds and remove scars. Oil control, regeneration, anti-inflammatory and repair. Shrubs native to the Mediterranean coast have become common garden plants in Europe because of their practical value and beautifying the environment. When I was in bloom, there was a sea of purple flowers, especially the lavender fields in Provence in the south of France. There are many kinds of lavender, most of which have small blue-purple flowers, and some are pink or white. Lavender, alias "quiet perfume plant", ancient Romans and Persians have long known to use fresh lavender as an aromatic bath to eliminate fatigue and soreness and get refreshed. Its common name comes from the Latin word "Lavare", which means bathing and cleaning. In the Middle Ages, lavender was regarded as the embodiment of love, symbolizing purity and innocence. Introduce its fresh fragrance and insect-proof characteristics to everyone for extensive planting. European women like to collect lavender, put it in a small cloth bag after drying, and put it next to their bodies when they go out to prevent external bacterial infection. Lavender oil is often used to disinfect wounds on the battlefield. Lavender is also often used as a cosmetic and anti-inflammatory product, such as soaking fresh lavender in hot water to steam the face, which has the functions of cleaning the skin, diminishing inflammation and balancing oil secretion; Or decoct juice to apply knife wound, laceration, etc. Can prevent infection and inflammation; If it is ground and covered on the skin bitten by bees, it can play a slight anesthetic role, reduce swelling and relieve pain. The prepare sachet can replace mothballs and be put in a cupboard for incense and insect repellent. Putting dried lavender flowers in hot water during bathing can warm your body and help you sleep (making pillows has the same effect). Edible, lavender can make tea to drink. For a long time, Europeans have known that lavender has the function of invigorating the stomach, so lavender is often added as a seasoning in cooking, or mixed with vinegar, wine and jelly to enhance fragrance. The sauce made of lavender is particularly delicious. It is said that Queen Elizabeth I is her loyal lover. When the body suffers from some kind of pollution, or the constitution turns acidic, the most obvious symptoms are emotional tension and anxiety. For example, a beautiful woman eats snacks desperately at night and doesn't want to move on weekends, which is an eating disorder caused by emotional tension. Lavender has a fragrant smell, which can soothe the nerves, relieve pain, calm down and relieve insomnia, headache and anxiety. Efficacy of lavender: 1. Refresh your mind and enhance your memory; It is of great help to study. 2. Soothes nerves, nourishes emotions, and has the magical effect of promoting sleep. 3. Promote blood circulation, treat acne and nourish hair. 4. Inhibit hypertension and allergic asthma. 5. Adjust physiological function. Ultrafine lavender powder 6. Enhance immunity. 7. Maintain respiratory function, have a good effect on nasopharyngeal mucositis, and can be used for bathing. 8. It can prevent viral and infectious diseases. 9. Remove odor and purify the air. 10. Except ants, cockroaches and mites, they can be put in the closet and under the pillow. ● Use prompt 1. Take lavender powder 10g as mask, and mix with water, egg white or milk to make paste. Apply evenly to face and wash off after 20 minutes. 2. steam your face before making a mask, so that you can open your pores and better absorb the mask. At this time, about 10g lavender powder can be sprinkled in the container for steaming face. -The fragrance of flowers is fragrant, refreshing, calming, calming and moisturizing the skin. 3. Take a bath and sprinkle about 5g lavender powder into the bathtub. It can shrink the whole body skin, supplement nutrition, fragrance the body and relieve stress. ● The diet is not suitable for ordinary people, 2 ~ 3 grams each time. Please use it in moderation for patients with low blood pressure to avoid being slow-witted and sleepy. Lavender powder is also used in menstrual period, which should be avoided by women in the early stage of pregnancy. Lavender tea is brewed with dried flower buds, put a spoonful in a pot, and then pour in boiling water. It only takes 5 minutes to enjoy, and it is sweet and delicious without honey and sugar. The rich aroma of this tea makes people feel happy and has no side effects. It has many functions such as calming, relieving gastrointestinal spasm, refreshing, eliminating flatulence, helping digestion, preventing nausea and dizziness, relieving anxiety and nervous migraine, and preventing colds. Drinking it when you are hoarse will also help you recover, so it has the reputation of "the best companion for office workers". Lavender tea will turn pale green when it is first brewed, and then gradually turn blue or purple. If you add a few drops of lemon juice to the tea soup, it will turn pink and look very pleasing to the eye. Pay attention to the dosage when pregnant, and don't drink it continuously. When brewing alone, the concentration should not exceed twice; A small amount of lavender is also suitable for mixed brewing. In addition to being brewed into tea, Europeans have long known that lavender has the function of strengthening the stomach, so lavender is often added as a seasoning in cooking, or mixed with vinegar, wine and jelly to increase the flavor. The sauce made of lavender is particularly delicious. It is said that Queen Elizabeth I is her loyal lover. The fragrance of lavender is a half-dream and half-awake state in life, which is extremely light and engraved in the bottom of my heart. This kind of pale blue-purple flower can be smelled as far away as ten miles during flowering; What is even more amazing is that standing in a big flower field, the smell of incense is still faint and gentle, unlike other fragrant flowers, which are eager to smoke people. Walking among the flowers, the skirt has a kind of Leng Xiang, just like the mood of first love. It is said that lavender got its name from this. The fragrance of lavender is neither as light as jasmine nor as bitter as cordate telosma. It's so beautiful, I go my own way, regardless of others' eyes. People who like it will like it very much, and people who don't like it will avoid it once. This unique fragrance is always associated with deeper and deeper depression. Melancholy, but not bitter, such as the faint moonlight after autumn, such as missing Qian Shan across thousands of waters. The love of lavender scent is a complex-a complex of attachment and nostalgia. Among all kinds of aromatherapy, it is not as strong as a rose, nor as indifferent as a lily, but it cannot be erased-it is the fragrance left in the heart after the wind, the faint moonlight in the clear night, the music flowing from the violin, and the old clothes turned out at the bottom of the cabinet; It was a peach blossom in March when I was a teenager, and even the color of the sun began to peel off, but the smile of the teenager outside the sinus was still bright; Not to mention an unfinished dream. When I wake up, I only feel the melancholy that can't be resolved ... or, lavender is something in my memory, not a large purple field, and there is a fragrance floating in the air. Lavender is almost a melancholy footnote. People who like lavender must be very emotional and attached to everything. A woman who loves lavender must have a special taste, so that you can recognize her in the crowd at a glance: demure, elegant and mature. Only women who have experienced emotional and life experiences can truly understand and appreciate lavender. For men, the fragrance of lavender is like a delicate and graceful skirt, white, purple, blue and pink, fluttering lightly, shyly or wildly in the wind. It is the initial love for women, warm but not erotic. Lavender complex memory is like lavender. The story that happened here is like yesterday's smoke. It is far and gentle, light to the extreme, engraved in my heart ... In a trance, I realize that lavender flowers are waiting ... Look at lavender, a pale blue-purple flower, which can be smelled ten miles away in the flowering season. What is even more amazing is that standing in the vast flower field, the smell of incense is still faint and gentle, unlike other fragrant flowers, which are eager to smoke people. Walking among the flowers, the skirt has a kind of Leng Xiang, just like the mood of first love. It is said that lavender got its name from this. The love of lavender scent is a complex-a complex of attachment and nostalgia. Among all lavender fragrances, it is not as strong as roses and indifferent as lilies, but it cannot be erased-it is the fragrance that remains in my heart after the wind, the faint moonlight in the clear night, the music flowing from the violin, and the old clothes turned out at the bottom of the cabinet; It was the peach blossom in March when I was a teenager, and even the color of the sun began to peel off, but the boy outside my heart still had a bright smile; Not to mention an unfinished dream. When I wake up, I only feel the melancholy that can't be resolved ... or, lavender is something in my memory, not a large purple field, and there is a fragrance floating in the air. The fragrance of lavender is neither as light as jasmine nor as rich as cordate telosma, but more like durian. People who like it will like it very much, and people who don't like it will avoid it once. This unique fragrance is always associated with deeper and farther melancholy. Melancholy, but not bitter, such as the faint moonlight after autumn, such as missing Qian Shan across thousands of waters. Lavender is almost a melancholy footnote. People who like lavender must be very emotional and attached to everything.