In 2008, the reform of the "Ministry system" in central directly under the authority has just been settled, and three provincial governments in Shanghai, Shaanxi and Chongqing took the lead in opening the prelude to the reform of the "Ministry system" in local governments. This is not a radical move by the local government, but a unified arrangement and deployment by the central government. Since 1982, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to implement the reform of government institutions, the central and local governments have actively explored the scientific way of institutional reform by changing functions, streamlining institutions, reducing staffing and reducing personnel. However, over the years, little has been achieved. Both the central government and local governments are still overstaffed in staffing, and the overlapping functions and powers of government departments still exist, especially local governments, which have seriously affected administrative efficiency. In this very difficult situation, the implementation plan of the institutional reform of the "Ministry system" in central directly under the authority has finally been put forward. It took nearly a year to complete the abolition and transfer of the central directly under the authority, and the institutional reform of local governments was put on the important agenda. The central government held a special meeting to ask local governments to effectively promote institutional reform to meet the allocation needs of the administrative framework after the reform of the "Ministry system" of the central government. Previously, the central government has carried out five institutional reforms, but local governments have failed to follow up. The purpose of government institutional reform is essentially to establish a scientific administrative system, which is an inevitable need for effective implementation of economic regulation, market supervision, social management and public services. It is the responsibility of the central government and local governments to establish a scientific administrative system, but it should be noted that the functions of the central government and local governments are obviously different after all. The function of the central government mainly lies in macro-control, while the main functions of local governments focus on market supervision, social management and public services. This functional orientation fundamentally determines that local government reform is more difficult and arduous than central government reform. Local government institutions are in a very important position in China's administrative management system, and the reform of local government institutions is undoubtedly an important part of the administrative management system reform. Vigorously promoting the reform of local government institutions is related to the implementation of the major policies of the party and the state, to regional economic and social development and social stability, and to the vital interests of the people. The Dilemma of Local Government Institutional Reform Since 2002, under the unified arrangement of the central government, local government institutional reform has been implemented. Through nearly ten years' efforts, although the institutional setup of local governments has been streamlined, their functions have changed, and their management system has also changed, the structural setup is still unreasonable, the institutions are still huge and bloated, and the phenomena of overlapping institutions, overlapping functions, separation of powers and responsibilities, overstaffing and inefficiency are common in many local governments. The transformation of government functions is still not in place. The effect of separating government from enterprise is not obvious. Some state-owned enterprises, such as railway transportation, telecommunications, oil, natural gas and other operating companies, because of their unique monopoly position, broke contact with government departments and kidnapped government administrative power too much. The separation of political affairs has not been fully implemented. Many local governments and agencies, such as various monitoring agencies, have been separated from government agencies in staffing management, but their functions are not completely separated. Most public institutions have a strong administrative color and still play the role of government agencies in essence. The separation between government and society is not complete. Some administrative social intermediary organizations, such as real estate appraisal and auction agencies, are born with slow development, too dependent on government agencies and not fully integrated into the market economy. The orientation of government functions is unscientific. Many local governments emphasize the top-down counterpart in institutional setup, and their functional orientation does not take into account the different responsibilities of different levels and regions, the differences between regions and industries, and the differences in regional economic and social development. They only establish institutions through counterpart contacts and counterpart contacts. The establishment of government institutions is unreasonable. Many local governments have been deeply influenced by the ideas of "official standard", "local protectionism" and "departmental interests" for a long time, resulting in frequent chaos such as setting up posts by power, setting up posts by events and setting up posts by interests. What kind of power is there, what kind of power exercise institutions or posts are set up, such as anti-counterfeiting offices and anti-kidnapping offices set up by some local governments. In order to emphasize a special task and enlarge government functions, some local governments set up separate institutions, such as the burden reduction offices set up by some local governments, but in fact, the management of these special matters is already the responsibility of functional departments. For the same thing, because of overlapping functions, different government departments have management functions, but in reality, the phenomenon of departmental interests is more serious and profitable. Government departments compete for control, but it is unprofitable, and government departments play Tai Chi. The staffing of government agencies is not commensurate. By disproportionate, I mean disproportionate to the duties and tasks. When determining the staffing of departments, some local governments pay too much attention to historical reasons, the situation at the same level and the total limit, and often ignore the responsibilities and tasks of departments and the particularity of work, resulting in the staffing of some departments can not meet the needs of work, such as environmental protection, safety production supervision, commerce and other competent departments. The government personnel structure is still not ideal. Many local governments, especially those at the county and township levels, have aging staff and few young reserve cadres who can take over their work. There is still a gap between the overall quality of government staff and the development requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development and the new situation, which seriously restricts and affects the improvement of government administrative ability and level. There are many reasons for the predicament of local government institutional reform, but the main reasons are that the shackles of local interests are difficult to break, the resources of governments at all levels are unevenly allocated, the reform of personnel system is lagging behind, and the supporting laws and regulations for institutional establishment management are imperfect. The most important thing to carry out the reform of local government institutions is to require local governments to change their functions and delegate some or even most of their powers. The finances of many local governments are still relatively tight, and the current situation that land finance, fine finance and forestry finance have a single source of income is still widespread. If the merger is implemented, it means decentralization and redistribution of departmental interests. In any case, the merger is very difficult. It is very important to reform local government institutions and rationally allocate resources among governments at all levels. Due to the implementation of the five-level government management mechanism in China, provincial governments and municipal governments usually concentrate more resources on central cities, which makes it difficult for county and township governments to obtain more resource allocation and inhibits the economic and social development of grassroots areas to some extent. The implementation of local government institutional reform, personnel system reform and improving institutional management regulations must be carried out simultaneously and followed up synchronously. Some local government departments mix the staff of subordinate institutions with the staff of government agencies and institutions, and seconding and deploying the staff of institutions to participate in administrative work is also the real reason for the difficulty in separating government from business. Due to the imperfect supporting management regulations, it is difficult for local governments to punish those institutions that are overstaffed and overstaffed. Study on the Countermeasures to Solve the Dilemma of Local Government Institutional Reform; Solving the Dilemma of Local Government Institutional Reform is the need to deepen the reform of social management system, and it is of great practical significance to speed up the reform of administrative management system. To solve this dilemma, we must adhere to the principles of overall consideration, system integration and overall stratification, pay attention to the correspondence with the central authorities and reflect local characteristics. Scientifically locate the functions of local governments. Defining the basic functions of local governments at all levels mainly includes five aspects: implementing policies and regulations, promoting economic development, improving social management, strengthening public services, and maintaining harmony and stability. However, the basic functions of provincial, prefectural, county and township governments should be obviously different. Based on the fundamental role of the market in resource allocation, the specific forms, names and sequencing of local government agencies can be compared. The functional orientation of grass-roots local governments should change the previous practice of doing everything, change "unlimited government" into "limited government", and effectively change the functions of local governments into doing a good job in economic regulation, creating a development environment, strengthening market supervision and social management, and improving the service level to the public. Boldly innovate the administrative management system. Actively explore "big systems" such as "big agriculture", "big culture", "big economy and trade", "big transportation" and "big water affairs", and integrate and adjust the functions of local government departments. Provincial governments can set up comprehensive work departments, and party and government organs can also work together; Municipalities directly under the central government may appropriately merge departments with urban management functions such as sanitation, urban construction, gardens, municipal administration, transportation, planning and real estate to form corresponding large departments; Local governments at the grass-roots level can add or cancel departments according to local conditions, strengthen regionality, and set up departments according to regional and industry differences. Actively explore the mechanism of directly governing counties. At present, 24 provinces in China have carried out 865,438+08 pilot projects of county financial system directly under the jurisdiction of the province, which have achieved remarkable results and accumulated more experience. We should take this opportunity, adhere to gradual progress, pay attention to coordinated development, rationally and effectively allocate resources, and promote regional economic and social development. Effectively control the scale of local governments. Implement classified management of local governments, formulate classified management standards, scientifically classify according to regional and industry characteristics, scientifically set government authority according to categories, and reasonably determine institutions and staffing. The administrative establishment and career establishment of local governments shall be subject to total control and dynamic management by the governments at the corresponding levels. Formulate management measures for organization establishment, and strictly control the requirements by objectives. Establish a local government staffing and personnel early warning mechanism, conduct regular dynamic analysis, and establish a target assessment mechanism. Improve the supervision mechanism and supporting restraint mechanism of institutional establishment, increase the investigation and punishment of illegal institutional establishment, and promote the realization of the goal of "slimming" and "transformation" of local governments. Deepen the reform of personnel system. The key to the reform of local government institutions lies in people, the main object of administration is people, and the main operators are also people. Solving human factors determines the success or failure of local government institutional reform. Therefore, it is necessary to further promote the reform of the cadre and personnel system, establish and improve the employment mechanism that can enter and exit, be promoted and demoted, actively explore new ways of the employment system and distribution system of public institutions, carry out the reform of the employment system, strengthen training, optimize the structure, stimulate vitality, and fundamentally ensure the effectiveness of the reform of local government institutions.