The color of jade
Nephrite mainly includes white jade, topaz, purple jade, black jade, jasper, sapphire and ruby. Among them, topaz such as chicken oil is the best, purple jade is usually pale pink, jet jade is jade with many black spots on jasper, and sapphire is dull blue and white jade. Usually white jade is the best.
Emerald is jade, and its colors are white, purple and green. It can be called ice land (white) or green land (green). Green is the best. Tri-colored jadeite is also called "Taoyuan Jieyi" or "Fu Lushou". [Edit this paragraph] Evaluation criteria of nephrite jadeite nephrite
1 white is the best, and suet jade is the best. Other colors are also good. Topaz and purple jade are rich in color, while jet is rich in ink. The color of jadeite is transparent.
Two kinds of hetian jade are the best, and other jade varieties also have good products.
3 Historical ancient jade is the best. Regarding the classification standard of ancient jade, some people think that jade in the Republic of China is ancient jade, while others think that jade before Han Dynasty is ancient jade. My humble opinion: It is better to classify jade before Ming Dynasty as ancient jade.
4 The carver nephrite jade is different from the carver.
jadeite
1 Green is the best color. The best green jade is emerald (only green and yellow).
The two best jadeites are "glass species", also called "Lingdier jadeite". The permeability is very high.
Generally speaking, the old pit is better than the new pit, the seed material is better than the mountain material and the semi-mountain material, and the semi-mountain material is better than the mountain material.
The bigger the size, the better. Nowadays, large pieces of jadeite are rare.
Evaluate the similarities and differences between nephrite and jadeite;
1 nephrite pays more attention to history and the inner charm of sculpture than jadeite. The same piece of jade (nephrite), if it is ancient jade (nephrite), will be worth a lot.
Jade pays more attention to color and size than nephrite. If a new jade (jade) is of good quality, it is more valuable than an ancient jade (jade).
Both pay attention to "water head". But nephrite is "internal" and jadeite is "external". In the light, the color of nephrite is gloomy, but jadeite is dazzling. Of course, its meaning is different.
Formation of seed jade: seed jade (seed material or water material) is formed by the continuous cracking and collapse of mountain materials through glaciers, earthquake weathering or flooding into rivers in rainy season, and long-term collision and erosion of rivers for thousands of years. After years of soaking, elutriation and polishing in water, seed jade leaves a delicate, moist and dense texture with the luster of jade liquid, so the quality of seed jade is the best and it is the treasure of jade.
Yulong Kashi River: Yulong Kashi River, the famous Baiyu River in ancient times. This river originates from Kunlun Mountain. After flowing into Tarim basin, it joins Karakash River to form Hotan River. The river is 325 kilometers long and has many tributaries, with a drainage area of 1.45 million square kilometers. The river is rich in white jade, sapphire and jet, and has been the main river producing jade in Hotan since ancient times. People collect jade mainly in the middle reaches, and the upper reaches are difficult to reach because of the dangerous terrain. After the discovery of white jade in Montenegro (one of the birthplaces of seed jade), it brought new hope to jade seekers, and people ventured there. Black Mountain, known as Karanguitak in ancient times, is one of the main peaks of Kunlun Mountain, with the highest peak of 7562 meters. The mountains are steep and covered with snow and ice. The origin of jade is Ajugai Valley, which is one of the tributaries of the Yulong Kashi River, about 30 kilometers away from the Mountain Brigade of Tashi Township, Kashgar City. Ice accumulated in some river sections is widely distributed, slopes collapse and boulders are everywhere. Only by walking, glaciers above the snow line abound, with an altitude of more than 5000 meters and a relative height of 600- 1000 meters. At the front of glacier tongue, it is often found that Hetian jade gravel is carried from the upper source because the glacier moves down near the snow line and melts gradually. The tongue of the glacier is tens to hundreds of meters high. On sunny days, it keeps cracking and collapsing. With the thunderous sound, boulders and ice cubes rolled down and fell into the river, so beautiful jade can also be found under the glacier. Every day, there is a flood in the meltwater, which washes huge ice cubes down the river, and these ice cubes and ice sheets also reveal melted jade gravel. The jade produced is white jade and jet jade. There should be primary and jadeite deposits in this area, which is one of the main sources of nephrite in Yulong Kashi River. Yulong Kashi River is about 20 minutes' drive from Hotan city center. White seed jade is produced 50 kilometers upstream of the river, and seed jade with skin is generally produced downstream of the river. After the flash floods, local people often go to the river to collect jade in their leisure time in winter and spring. They collect jade mainly in the middle reaches of the river, and the upper and lower reaches are difficult to reach because of the dangerous terrain.
Origin of Hetian jade: Hetian jade is distributed in Kunlun Mountain in the south of Tarim Basin, starting from Andalitage and Alazi Mountain in the east of Tashkurgan County in Kashi region in the west, passing through Sangzhutag, Tiekrikettag and Liushittag in the south of Hetian region, and reaching Suramuningtag in the north wing of South Altun Mountain in Qiemo County in the east. Hetian jade metallogenic belt is 1 100 km long. There are primary mineral deposits and occurrences of Hetian jade on the mountain, with an altitude of more than 4,000 meters. Many rivers also produce valuable hetian jade.
Classification of Hetian jade producing areas
1. Shanliao
Mountain material, also known as mountain jade, or Bao Gai jade, refers to the primary minerals produced in mountainous areas, such as Bai Yushan material and blue white jade mountain material.
2. Mountains and rivers
Landscape refers to the jade that the primary ore is weathered and collapsed and transported to the middle and upper reaches of the river by the river. The landscape is characterized by being close to the primary ore, with large fragmentation and slightly rounded edges and corners.
3.ziyu
Yu Zi, also known as purple jade and seed material, refers to the jade which is denuded from primary ore and brought into the river by running water. It is distributed in river beds and terraces on both banks, and jade is exposed on the surface or buried underground. Yu Zi is characterized by its small area, oval shape and smooth surface. Because after thousands of years of treatment, washing and screening, the quality of Yu Zi is generally the best. Jade seeds in the lower reaches of the river have various colors, such as white jade seeds, blue white jade seeds, sapphire seeds, jet seeds, jasper seeds and topaz seeds.
Color classification of Hetian jade: According to different colors, Hetian jade can be divided into four categories: white jade, sapphire, jet and topaz.
1. White jade:
The color of white jade varies from white to bluish white, with various names and vivid metaphors, such as seasonal white, paraffin white, fish-belly white, pear white and moonlight white. White jade is a high-grade jade in Hetian jade, and its block size is generally small. But white jade is the best material and the best quality in white jade. Some white jade will have a certain color on its surface after oxidation. The color of autumn pear is called "autumn pear", the color of tiger skin is called "tiger skin" and the color of jujube is called "jujube skin". They are all rare varieties of Hetian jade.
White jade can also be divided into suet jade and sapphire by color.
(1) Yang Zhiyu
Sheep fat jade is named because it looks like sheep fat. The texture is delicate, "white as fat", giving people a feeling of softness at first sight. This is the best variety of white jade. At present, only Xinjiang has this variety in the world, and its output is very rare and its value is extremely high.
(2) Blue and white jade
Blue and white jade is white as the background color, and green, blue and gray are faintly flashing in the white jade. It is a transitional variety of white jade and sapphire, which is more common in Hetian jade.
2. Topaz
Topaz varies from light yellow to dark yellow, and the colors are chestnut, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, tiger skin yellow and so on. Topaz is very rare. In the history of jade exploration for thousands of years, it is only occasionally seen. High quality equals suet jade.
sapphire
Sapphires range from light cyan to dark cyan, with various colors and shades, such as light cyan, dark cyan, blue-green, gray cyan, dark gray cyan and turquoise. Among Hetian jade, sapphire is the most, and the value of delicate sapphire has been rising in recent two years.
4. Mo Yu
The ink color of jet varies from ink color to light black, and its ink color is mostly cloud stripes and so on. There are dark clouds, light ink, golden mink whiskers and beautiful beards. In the whole material, the degree of ink is different, and the distribution of light and shade is uneven, which is more common in the transition with sapphire and white jade. Generally, there are full ink, ink gathering and ink spots. Black gathering means that the ink in sapphire or white jade is relatively concentrated and can be used as a pretty color. Dot ink is scattered into dots, which affects the use. Most of the jet is small, and its blackness is caused by containing more fine graphite scales.
Color classification of Hetian jade skin: According to its composition and occurrence, the original jade skin can be divided into three categories: color skin, sugar skin and stone skin.
Color skin: a layer of jade skin distributed on the surface of Hetian jade, with various colors. The jade world is named after various colors, such as black skin and deerskin. It can be seen from the skin color that the quality of jade such as black skin and deerskin is mostly the best white jade. Jade of the same quality, such as autumn pears, is more valuable. The thickness of jade skin is very thin, generally less than1mm. Colored skin has a variety of shapes, some are cloud-shaped, some are pulse-shaped, and some are scattered. The formation of color skin is caused by the transformation of ferrous oxide in Hetian jade into ferric oxide under oxidation conditions, so it is secondary. Experienced jade pickers go to the middle and lower reaches to find leather-colored jade; Upstream, there are few opportunities to find colored jade. In addition, mountain materials with skin can be found occasionally near the cracks of primary jade ore bodies, which are also formed by secondary oxidation.
Sugar skin: refers to a layer of yellow-brown and sauce-colored jade skin distributed on the surface of Hetian jade. Because the color is like brown sugar, jade with sugar skin is called sugar jade. The thickness of sugar skin of sugar jade is relatively large, ranging from a few centimeters to 20-30 centimeters, and it is often surrounded by white jade or sapphire, showing a transitional relationship. Tangyu occurs near the fracture of ore body. Sugar jade is the product of oxidation environment, the result of residual magma water penetrating along cracks after the formation of Hetian jade ore body, which transforms ferrous oxide into iron oxide, and the sugar skin is the result of iron oxide dyeing.
Stone skin: refers to the surrounding rock surrounded by Hetian jade mountain materials. One kind of surrounding rock is tremolite dolomite marble, which is mined together with jade and attached to the surface of jade during re-mining. This kind of stone-wrapped jade has clear boundaries and can be separated from jade. When he was washed and transported by running water or glaciers for a long time, the stone and jade separated. Another kind of surrounding rock is tremolite. For example, during the re-formation of Hetian jade, the coarse tremolite was explained. Due to the incomplete explanation, coarse tremolite often adheres to the surface of jade, which makes the boundary between stone skin and jade transition. This is called yin and yang, and yin refers to this kind of stone on the surface of jade.
Yufu Workshop suggested that the purchase of Hetian jade and white jade should be judged from the following angles: first, check whether the whiteness level is enough, and then see whether the jade liquid is moist enough, that is, whether the jade is fine, the waterline ratio is only one or two, whether there is any problem, the proportion of jade flowers is not much, there are many impurities, and there are cracks on the jade surface. If you like skin color, finally see if the skin color of jade is gorgeous, autumn pear skin, bordeaux skin, deer skin, sprinkled. Basically mastered these principles, I believe you will choose a good jade.