I. Basic explanation
Dance w ǔ d ǐ o 1. An art form accompanied by music, in which people can take rhythmic movements as the main means of expression. It also refers to performing dance. 2. Dance, hip-hop 3. It is a kind of etiquette for ancient courtiers to make certain dance gestures when they worship the emperor.
Second, the origin
1. Classic Records 1. Dance. Express celebration or praise. Han Juegan's Lin Yifu in Litigation: "Thank you, Bai De, and dance happily." Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Curse the Corpse Insect": "Folk dance is the power of the Dutch emperor." Wang Song Yucheng's "Tombstone Written by Kang Gong, a former secretariat official": "When you arrive, you will ride for 20 years and go to see the Lord of Shu, and good or ill will repay you. The monarchs and ministers of Shu danced happily. " 2. Courtesy when courtiers appear in front of you. Liu Tangsu's "A New Story of the Tang Dynasty": "The first emperor Yang was also slaughtered, and the Sui officials congratulated him on his kindness, turned him into a human being and let him go. Kindness does not dance, so it is harmful. " "The History of the New Five Dynasties: The Biography of Tang Chen 'an in Hui Chong": "Return to Mei, return to religion, and say,' When you meet the court, dance as a vassal, and sue the court privately.'" "Rebirth" the seventh time: "After all the officials dance, they bow down to the sages of the officials. "2. Origin Theory and Textual Research According to the textual research of art historians, the earliest art produced by human beings was dance. Before the ancient language came into being, people used gestures and expressions to convey all kinds of information and exchange feelings and thoughts. After all kinds of sounds developed idioms and tones, poetry and music came into being one after another. In labor, because of making tools, people's hands gradually became dexterous, and paintings and sculptures were born. With the evolution of human beings and the improvement of thinking ability and understanding of things, Quyi, novel, drama and other arts have emerged one after another. So, as one of the oldest arts, where did dance come from? According to the myths and legends of ancient China and ancient Greece, humans learned to dance from the Emperor of Heaven, or were inspired by the goddess in charge of dance to create dance. We know that the ancient ancestors' understanding of the concepts of God and man was not as clear as that of modern people. At that time, people often regarded some people with extraordinary talents, people beyond ordinary people's wisdom and strength, or people who made great contributions to mankind as incarnations of God or people who could communicate with God. Now we know that all kinds of gods are created by people through imagination according to their own image. It is God who created dance. In the final analysis, it is we who created dance. So, how do people create dance? China Art Mei Qing Student
Some scholars believe that people have the instinct of imitation, and dance is to imitate the actions and habits of various wild animals with rhythmic movements. Some dances imitate the dynamic images of some natural scenery, such as the swaying of willow branches, the rolling of waves, the floating and rotating of the wind and so on. People can imitate them to dance. Some scholars believe that imitation is important in the origin of art, but it is not the real reason. The cause of art is "the impulse of the game", and the game is the expression of repenting human nature. Games are also a sign that humans finally leave the animal kingdom. Pleasure here refers to people's aesthetic needs, that is, taking illusion as happiness. If people imitate the dance of animals, they will get happiness and vent their emotions through this imaginary game. Some scholars believe that because primitive people can't distinguish between subjective and objective thinking, and think that everything in nature has the same soul as themselves, totem worship, primitive religion, witchcraft sacrifice and so on have emerged, and these activities are inseparable from dance, and even dance is the main content and the most important means of expression of witchcraft activities. So some people assert that "all dances are religious". Many scholars regard the reproduction of the next generation as a very important thing for primitive people to survive, and dance is the main way and means of mate selection, marriage proposal and love training, so they think that dance originated from sexual activities. However, some scholars believe that dance not only expresses people's love, people's intense emotions, but also expresses important emotions and activities in people's lives. No other artistic behavior can mobilize and inspire all mankind like dance. In the ancient Chinese music and dance theory, there are: "moving in the middle and doing what you say, sighing if it is insufficient;" Lament its lack, so sing it; I can't sing, but I can't dance with my hands. This also vividly shows that dance is the product of expressing people's most exciting emotions. Many scholars in our country advocate the theory that dance originated from labor, because labor is the first need for human survival and development, and it also creates people themselves, separates people from the animal kingdom and creates human society. In primitive dance, hunting, planting and all kinds of labor and life occupy the largest proportion. We believe that all the above theories about the origin of dance have some truth, but they are not complete and comprehensive, because dance activity is a social phenomenon in human life, and its origin is not single, like the composition of everything in the world, but there are many factors, so people advocate the "labor synthesis theory", that is, dance originated from the needs of human survival, development, labor practice and other life practices. In detail, dance originated from the simulated reproduction of labor production (hunting measures, farming), sex, fitness, combat training and other activities in pursuit of survival and development in ancient times, as well as the needs of totem worship, witchcraft religious sacrifice activities and the expression of their inner impulses. Combining with poetry and music is one of the earliest art forms in human history.
Third, characteristics
1. The characteristics of art Art is a big family of human aesthetic activities, and its members include literature, art, music, dance, drama, film, folk art and acrobatics. Various arts reflect social life and express people's thoughts and feelings, but the reflection and expression of art is not the abstract reflection and expression of general concepts, but the reflection and manifestation of individual concrete images and aesthetics. The so-called aesthetic reflection and expression means that artists choose, summarize and process social life according to their own aesthetic tastes and ideals, and creatively reflect and express according to the characteristics and laws of art. In the historical development of society, people have created various artistic forms. The main difference between these art forms is that they have their own material carriers and different artistic expression means. The material carrier of literature is language and writing; The material carrier of art is paper, canvas, pigment and oil painting pigment, and its main means of expression are color, line, composition and modeling; The material carrier of music is sound; The material carrier of drama is the action (performance) of people on the stage. Besides ballet, language, singing and action are the main means of expression. The material carrier of the film is to shoot people's performances on film by scientific and technological methods and project them on the screen by electro-optics; The material carrier of Quyi is the performance of one or two or three people on the stage, and its main means of expression are speaking and singing. Acrobatics and dance have the same material carrier-the human body is its main artistic expression tool, and most acrobatic varieties, like dance, are mainly expressed by human body movements, posture modeling and composition changes. Acrobatics is also a performing art, and actors also create certain roles. But unlike dance, it doesn't emphasize the development process of characters' emotions, and there are generally no plot events. But through the performance of difficult skills, it shows a general character strength of courage, perseverance and wisdom. So acrobats are more ornamental and entertaining. 2. The characteristics of dance. Dance movements in dance works should also have certain skills. Dancers should have difficult skills such as jumping, spinning, tumbling, softness and control. However, performing difficult skills in dance works is not an end in itself, but an expression of characters' thoughts and feelings.
A means of shaping character and mental outlook. If, in dance works, the means is the purpose, the superb skills of the actors are not based on reflecting life and expressing the thoughts and feelings of the characters, or the corresponding dance action skills are not based on the dance content, but on showing the dance skills and abilities mastered by the actors, then the dance works will fail because of the disconnection between content and form, or the lack of artistic integrity, and the dancers' own skills will fall into acrobatic skill performance and lose the basic character of dance art.
Fourth, art appreciation.
Dance appreciation is a kind of spiritual activity when people watch dance performances, and it is the whole process of feeling, experiencing and understanding dance works. So it is essentially a cognitive activity. But it is different from the general cognitive activity, but a special cognitive activity of dance works. Dance appreciation refers to the audience's understanding of social life, characters' thoughts and feelings and dancers' aesthetic evaluation of this life phenomenon through the dance images created in dance works. In the process of appreciating dance works, the audience will often connect with their own life experiences, arouse emotional resonance and arouse relevant impressions and experiences in memory. As well as a series of imaginative thinking activities such as imagination and association, to enrich and supplement the dance image in the dance works and make it more complete, vivid and distinctive. Therefore, we can experience a broader life content and profound ideological implications in the process of watching dance works. People who appreciate this aesthetic activity must have certain subjective conditions, that is, they must have certain dance knowledge, dance appreciation level and cognitive ability, so that dance appreciation activities can be carried out normally and smoothly. This is just as Marx said: "If you want to enjoy art, you must be an artistic person." "Only music can arouse people's sense of music; The most beautiful music is meaningless to the ear that does not dispute melody, and music is not its object ... "Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the characteristics of dance art, the relationship between dance and other arts, the various factors that constitute the dance image, and the production process of dance image. As we said before, dance is an art that expresses people's feelings and thoughts and reflects social life with exquisite, organized and beautified human movements as the main means of expression. Judging from the sensory characteristics of dance works that attract viewers, it is a performing art that combines hearing (temporality) and vision (spaciousness).
Art is made up of different kinds of art. As one of the arts, dance is also a very broad world, and it is also composed of different kinds, styles and styles of dances. According to its function and purpose, dance can be divided into two categories: life dance and artistic dance.
First of all, the dance of life
Life dance is a dance activity that people carry out for their own needs. Life dance includes: custom dance, religious sacrifice dance, social dance, self-entertainment dance, sports dance, educational dance and so on. 1. Folk Dance: Also known as Festival Dance, it is a variety of mass dance activities held by many ethnic groups in China on festive festivals such as weddings, funerals, planting and harvest. In these dance activities, the customs, social features, cultural traditions and national personality characteristics of various ethnic groups are all shown. 2. Religious sacrificial dance: it is a dance form used for religious and sacrificial activities. Mainly used to pray for the protection of the gods, drive away disasters and diseases, turn evil into good, prosper people and animals, harvest crops, or thank the gods for their gifts; Sacrificial dance is a ritual dance form to sacrifice ancestors. In the past, people used to express their memory of their ancestors or hope that their ancestors and gods would bless them. 3. Social dance: it is a dance activity that people engage in social communication, enhance friendship and connect feelings. Generally, it refers to all kinds of ballroom dancing at the dance. In addition, the mass dance activities carried out by many ethnic minorities in various festivals in China are mostly social activities for young men and women to exchange freely and choose their spouses. So it can also be said that it is a social dance of all ethnic groups. 4. Self-entertainment dance: it is a dance activity with the sole purpose of self-entertainment. Use dance to express and vent one's inner emotional impulses, so as to obtain the full satisfaction of aesthetic pleasure. 5. Sports dance: It is a new dance variety that combines dance and sports, exercises the body in an artistic and aesthetic way, and makes the body and mind develop in an all-round and healthy way. For example, various fitness dances, rhythmic gymnastics, discos for middle-aged and elderly people, ice dances, water dances and HI-HOP dances in China traditional martial arts, as well as sword dances, knife dances, pictographic boxing and wuqinxi, which symbolize and simulate various animals and specific images. 6. Educational dance: refers to the aesthetic dance activities in schools and kindergartens, which can play a subtle role in cultivating and beautifying people's thoughts, feelings and moral sentiments, cultivating people's unity and friendship, strengthening etiquette and improving physical and mental health.
Second, artistic dance.
It means that professional or amateur dancers create artistic works by observing, experiencing, analyzing, concentrating, summarizing and imagining social life, and create dance works with distinctive themes, rich emotions, complete forms and typical artistic images, which are performed by a few people on the stage or square for the masses to watch. Due to the variety of artistic dances, they can be roughly divided into two categories according to different artistic characteristics. The first category is distinguished according to the different styles and characteristics of dance, including: classical dance, folk dance, modern dance, modern dance and ballet. 1. classical dance: based on folk dances, it has been refined, sorted, processed and created by professional workers in past dynasties and passed down through long-term artistic practice. It is considered to be a dance with certain demonstration significance and classical style characteristics. Many countries and nations in the world have their own unique styles of classical dance. European classical dance generally refers to ballet. 2. Folk dance: it is a dance form created, accumulated and developed by the broad masses in the long historical process and widely circulated among the masses. It directly reflects people's thoughts, feelings, ideals and aspirations. Due to the differences in people's life and work style, historical and cultural mentality, customs and natural environment in different countries, nationalities and regions, different national styles and local characteristics have been formed. 3. Modern dance: it is a dance genre that rose in Europe and America at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. Its main aesthetic point of view is to oppose the formalistic tendency of classical ballet at that time, which was conformist, divorced from real life and simply pursuing skills; It is advocated to get rid of the shackles of the rigid movement procedure of classical ballet, and to express the true feelings of people freely with dance movements that conform to the laws of natural movement, and it is emphasized that dance art should reflect modern social life. 4. Modern dance (new dance): a new dance style different from the above three styles. It is often based on the needs of expressing content and shaping characters, eclectic, drawing on and absorbing dance expression means and methods of various styles and dance schools, and eclectic for our use, thus creating a unique new dance style different from the various dance styles that have been formed. 5. Ballet is a highly stylized theater dance, refined and processed by professional dancers in the court. The word "ballet" was originally a transliteration of the French word "ballet", which means "jumping" or "dancing". Its original meaning is only the floorboard of actions with legs and feet as moving parts. In order to rebuild Gu Xi's dramatic ideal of integrating poetry, music and dance, French court dance masters created "ballet", which is a comprehensive dance drama form integrating dance movements, pantomime gestures, facial expressions, theatrical costumes, music accompaniment, literary scripts, stage lighting and scenery. It has dominated the western theater dance art for more than 300 years and has been more than four centuries. It has been more than forty years since 1958 was established and introduced to ballets russes. The second category is differentiated according to the characteristics of dance forms, including solo dance, duet, threesome dance, group dance, group dance, song and dance, musical, dance drama and so on. 1. Solo is a dance performed by a person to complete a theme, which is often used to directly express the thoughts and feelings of the characters and reveal their inner world. 2. Double dance, where two people perform the same theme dance. It is often used to directly express the communication between characters' thoughts and feelings, and to show the relationship between characters. 3. Three people dance, and three people perform a theme dance together. According to its content, it can be divided into three different types: expressing a single emotion and an obvious plot, and expressing dramatic conflicts between characters. 4. Group dance, any dance with more than four people can be called group dance. Generally speaking, it is to express a general complex or to shape the image of the group. Through the change and transformation of dance formation and pictures, as well as the development of dance movements, postures and shapes with different speeds, strengths and amplitudes, a profound poetic artistic conception is created, which has strong artistic appeal. 5. Group dance, a relatively large dance work composed of several dances. Each dance is relatively independent, but it is unified in the same theme and complete artistic conception. 6. Song and dance is a form of artistic performance that combines singing and dancing. It is characterized by being good at singing and dancing, being good at both lyricism and narration, and being able to express the complex and delicate thoughts and feelings of the characters and a wide range of life contents. 7. Musical drama is a comprehensive performance form with song and dance as the main artistic expression means and dramatic content. 8. Dance drama, with dance as the main artistic expression means, combines music and stage art (clothing, scenery, lighting, props) to express certain drama content.
Third, other classifications.
According to age levels, there are children's dances, children dance dances, youth dances, adult dances and middle-aged and elderly dances.
Edit this dance teaching
First, fashion dance
1. aerobicdance aerobic dance is an aerobic exercise that dances rhythmically with music. On the one hand, aerobic dance can consume more calories, on the other hand, he can do many dance movements in aerobics, and practice repeatedly or in combination through aerobic aerobics. Aerobic dance's movements are not as exhausting as aerobic exercise. Aerobic dance has various styles, and his music is closely combined with dance, which can make people happy while exercising, and at the same time improve their comprehensive abilities of creation, imagination, expression and artistic accomplishment. According to the different characteristics of action and music, aerobic dance aerobic dance can be divided into aerobic dance with various styles, such as aerobic dance, hip-hop, funk and salsa. Aerobic dance appeared in China in many styles, such as fan dance. You don't have to go to a dance classroom to dance aerobic dance. You can dance at home and choreograph according to your age, which gives you more freedom. 2. The earliest Latin dance style of aerobic dance has Latin dance style of aerobic dance, such as jazzaerobics with jazz style of aerobic dance; Later, salsaaerobics appeared, which is also a fast Latin dance style in aerobic dance, and absorbed many styles such as mambo, cha-cha, tango and samba. These aerobic dance are characterized by a lot of hip movements and graceful movements. Modern dance is a sports dance competition. Athletes and men participating in the competition should wear tuxedos, modern dance costumes and bow ties, and women should wear long skirts and formal hairstyles at banquets. This project group includes five projects: waltz, Viennese waltz, tango, foxtrot and quickstep. During the competition, the referee does not score each pair of athletes, but only determines the winning order, and finally wins according to the top three in the overall ranking. There are five modern dances: waltz, tango, foxtrot, quickstep and Viennese waltz. 4. Hip-hop's funk, funk style and aerobic dance have a lot to do with funk and 4.hiphop music, which is cheerful and makes people feel eager to try. Funk and hiphop are aerobic dance, with free dance and black dance styles. Easy, free and changeable movements can improve the coordination of exercisers and achieve the purpose of fitness. After funk and hiphop, people were very happy. So this kind of aerobic dance is very popular with young people.
Second, the curriculum arrangement
(1) Warm-up stretching exercise (05- 10 minutes) (2) aerobic dance content (20-40 minutes): jazz, salsa, funk and hiphop content. (3) Specialized dance practice (05- 10 minutes): abdominal, hip, arm, waist, hip, leg or other strength. (4) Relaxation and stretching (5- 10 minutes) courses can offer learning courses, creative courses and performance courses according to students' conditions.
Third, prevent injuries.
According to the survey, the most vulnerable parts in aerobic dance are tibia, foot, back, knee and ankle in turn. The main causes of aerobic dance's injury are excessive exercise and sprained foot. Internal and external causes of aerobic dance's injury such as ligament strain: 1. External factors, clothing and shoes problems, warm-up activities, relaxation, insufficient stretching, action problems, poor teaching methods of coaches, etc. 2. Internal factors: insufficient mastery of dance skills, insufficient adjustment, too tight legs, weak hips, and eagerness to achieve success. Main methods to prevent aerobic dance injury: 1. According to external factors, wear clothes and shoes suitable for sports, get ready for activities, fully relax and stretch, and follow a good coach. 2. In view of the internal factors, choose the courses that suit you, don't rush for success, and at the same time pay attention to the improvement of your basic physical fitness.
Fourth, the benefits of dancing.
Dancing can make people's figure curve more beautiful, thigh muscles and arm muscles more compact. It is a good way to relieve emotions. Dance is an activity beneficial to physical and mental health, which can enhance physical fitness, make personality cheerful, body soft and muscles fully stimulated. Dance stimulates muscles in an all-round way, taking into account the head, neck, chest, legs, buttocks and other parts. For example, jazz dance is more about small joints and muscles, which are not easy to exercise on weekdays. In addition, dance also has the effect of aerobic exercise, so that practitioners can improve the main lung function and achieve the purpose of losing weight. The rhythm of coherent movements in dance is very fast, and a whole set of movements is coherent and smooth, neat and rhythmic, which is very helpful for the exercise of musical sense and dexterity. And its fun is easy to make people pay attention, pay attention, and ignore exercise fatigue. The fitness movement of dance is explosive, which has strong development potential for human physical fitness. Because dance mainly revolves around small joints, it can better improve the coordination ability of practitioners. Dance is a very expressive sport. Through dance courses, practitioners cultivate self-confidence and temperament while expressing themselves. Coaches call fitness dance "a training program with a smile". In dance class, they pay more attention to whether everyone is happy and unrestrained. Therefore, dance plays a very important role in psychological relaxation. Therefore, it is suggested that you only need to dance for 30 minutes or at least 10 minutes * * half an hour every day, which will bring great benefits to your health, including: 1. Strengthen bones and reduce the chance of osteoporosis. 2. Enhance cardiopulmonary function and promote blood circulation. 3. Reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and colorectal cancer. 4. Increase the flexibility and softness of joints and reduce the chance of injury. 5. Consume calories and maintain an appropriate weight. 6. Dancing in music helps to eliminate stress and promote physical and mental health. 7. Participating with family can enhance feelings. 8. Dancing with friends helps to broaden the circle of life.
Five, dance choreographer
At present, the main employment industries of the director department are dance art troupe, TV station, folk art troupe, square dance, romantic market of entertainment places and so on. There is a great demand at present. In today's highly developed society, the government attaches great importance to the construction of spiritual civilization, and great progress has been made in literary performances and artistic design, which require a large number of directors to complete. Secondly, the depression of the domestic cultural market also requires good directors to input fresh blood, which requires us to give full play to our strengths as directors. The choreographer needed by the Dance Art Troupe must have innovative thinking and be able to create works that attract audiences, while the TV station needs talents who can choreograph and understand TV, which requires us to study other related knowledge as well as professional knowledge. The competition in the future is fierce, and the requirements of career development make us realize that our own quality should be constantly improved, so that we can become "all-rounders". The world of choreography is rich and fresh, which needs us to explore. In the future, with the vigorous development of performances, there will be greater demand for directors and directors in China art market, which will promote the employment of directors and directors to develop in a better direction.
Six, dance colleges and universities
A class of professional dance colleges: Beijing Dance Academy, PLA Art Academy, Minzu University of China, Shanghai Dance School, Guangdong Dance School, Shenyang Conservatory of Music, etc. Two or three types of professional dance colleges: Capital Normal University, School of Technology of Capital Normal University, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin Institute of Physical Education, Tianjin Conservatory of Music, Dance College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Hebei Institute of Physical Education, Hebei Media College, taiyuan normal College, Inner Mongolia Art College, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Jilin Art College, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangxi Normal University, Shandong Normal University, Henan Normal University, Xinyang Normal College, nanyang normal College, Luoyang Normal University, Hubei Normal University, Hubei University for Nationalities, Yulin Normal University, Guangxi Art College, Sichuan Normal University, Xihua Normal University, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, guizhou minzu university, etc.