Answer skills: box first, then fill in the content, and then quote the original words of the case in brackets. Asymptomatic symptoms related to diagnosis, such as no hallucinations and delusions, are also given.
Answer operation: Like English reading questions, browse general information and complaints, read the stem of the questions and underline the key words-pay attention to and do the questions when time appears.
Topic overview: case multiple-choice questions 10000 words, complete 100 multiple-choice questions. Question and answer 1000 words, complete four questions and answers.
Time allocation: each part takes one hour. The first part may be a little short. If you have any difficulties, mark them first and keep going.
Answer principle: the case answer is eight-part essay. If there is not enough time, write down the key words. If you answer correctly, you may get full marks.
Scoring impact: if you fill in too much or fill in incorrectly, you will not be deducted, and if you fill in too little, you will be deducted. Case questions are the easiest to score, and the key is to leave enough time to answer them.
Frequently asked questions framework:
First of all, please sort out the personal growth data of the applicants.
Key points: ☆ General information, growth history information, current situation information, chief complaint and psychological measurement results.
☆ Organize the contents according to clinical data, collect what is missing and make up what is missing.
1, general information
(1) Demography, living conditions, marriage and family, work records, social interaction, recreational activities, self-description, inner world.
(2) In addition to the contents of the above outline, other information mentioned by the helper or learned through investigation is listed separately for reference in diagnosis.
2. Personal growth information
(1) According to the stages of social psychology, the living conditions, marriage and love history, illness history, past major events and present evaluation of infants, childhood, adolescence and youth are given.
(2) according to the specific situation of the helper, write to the time for help. It is necessary to clarify the family upbringing, sexual budding experience and handling methods, as well as withdrawal, avoidance and attack.
A. infancy
○ Childhood (physical development, family, events, parent-child relationship ...)
○ Teenagers (adolescent development, parent-child relationship, school, making friends, sexual psychology ...)
○ Youth (idol, employment, marriage and love, socializing ...)
Adult-a major turning point in the history of personal growth and the evaluation of it now.
Note: The contents in brackets may appear in the case, and as much as possible.
Second, please sort out the current physical, mental and social function of the person seeking help.
1. Mental functional state-mental state
Fill in according to cognition, emotion, will, behavior pattern and personality characteristics.
2. Physiological function state-physical state
Sleep, diet, headache, sexual dysfunction, physical illness, abnormal feeling.
3. Social function state-social work and social interaction state
(1) Work-study program efficiency: activity efficiency drops, and attendance is incomplete due to illness.
(2) Social communication: impaired social ability, poor contact, and disharmony between colleagues and classmates. (Poor contact means bad interpersonal relationship)
3. What are the main symptoms of help seekers?
State of psychological function ※
1. Cognitive aspects (one of the three principles)
(1) Symptoms of sensory disturbance, such as allergy, hypoesthesia and aging.
(2) Hallucinations and symptoms of hallucination perception disorders are important basis for the diagnosis of psychotic disorders.
(3) Symptoms of distorted vision, unreality and voyeurism.
(4) Thinking content symptoms such as delusion, compulsive concept, compulsive intention and overpriced concept.
(5) Attention disorder affects memory, and mental retardation shows attention stenosis.
(6) Memory impairment symptoms such as memory enhancement, memory decline, forgetfulness and wrong construction.
(7) Impaired insight-loss of insight, such as denying mental illness and refusing treatment.
Answer skills: don't forget to write no hallucinations, no delusions, no logical confusion, self-knowledge, and active medical treatment.
2. Emotion (the second of the three principles)
(1) High mood, low mood, anxiety, depression, and changes in the degree of terror.
(2) Emotional dullness, emotional indifference and emotional obstacle-nature change.
(3) Emotional fragility, irritability, crying and laughing, euphoria, etc. -Brain organs.
Answer skills: 1 There are generally symptoms of anxiety and depression. If you don't have time to read it carefully, you can fill it all in, and you won't be fined if you fill it wrong.
2. As a last resort, it is best to read the case carefully first, and then take the formal routine when you have time.
Example of anxiety: 1. Afraid that learning will delay the future, afraid that piano practice will not reach the low level;
2. Help-seekers are often very contradictory, thinking hard, making it difficult to choose, and can't sleep.
3. Will and behavior
(1) Will-behavior disorder symptoms such as enhanced will, lack of will, decreased will, decreased intention, etc.
(2) Compulsive behavior, psychomotor anxiety, psychomotor excitement and psychomotor inhibition.
Answer skills: 1 Symptoms should be filled in one by one. If there is compulsion, it should be written in the compulsory flushing and compulsory inspection.
2. If not, fill in the blanks as appropriate-of course, fill in the symptoms related to diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Fill in the format: Behavior: compulsive behavior (washing repeatedly, checking the name of test paper repeatedly, and checking the closing of doors and windows repeatedly).
4. Personality (the third of the three principles)
Pay attention to the personality tendency of the helper, introverted from childhood, unwilling to associate with others and other personality characteristics.
Personality disorder that is not classified as mental disorder because it is not accompanied by delusions or hallucinations and has complete insight.
Physiological function state ※
1. Physical illness
(1) Physical disorders, abnormal feelings, such as pain and discomfort, fatigue, body aches, loss of appetite, indigestion, etc.
(2) autonomic nerve dysfunction, difficulty in falling asleep, stomach discomfort, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and fear of cold.
2. Physical defects
Physical defects, physical disabilities, etc.
Social function status ※
1. Work and study efficiency
The efficiency of work and study decreases, the tasks can't be successfully completed, and you can't go to work or school and often miss classes.
Answer skills: the efficiency of help-seekers is generally declining, so be sure to write a few words.
2. Social status
(1) Difficulties in adaptation, imbalance in interpersonal relationship and poor external contact.
(2) Social functions such as stubbornness, withdrawal, avoidance and attack are damaged.
How to make a diagnosis
☆ Make a diagnosis and list the basis-give the possible diagnosis.
☆ Don't quote the original words as the case may be.
First, general psychological problems.
The diagnosis of general psychological problems must meet the following conditions: realistic factors, short duration, no serious impact on social function, and no generalization of emotional response.
1. Realistic factors-reasons
Because of real life, work pressure, mistakes and other factors, there are inner conflicts, so they experience bad emotions. (Constant conflict)
2. Short duration
If the bad mood lasts for a month or two, it still can't be solved by itself. (Not the continuation of psychological conflict)
3. Normality of social function
The negative emotional reaction is still under a considerable degree of rational control, and there is no obvious abnormality in personality, and the behavior can always remain normal. Life, study and socializing are basically normal, but the efficiency has dropped. (Emotion-cognition-personality-behavior-social function are all normal)
This kind of reaction is not universal.
From beginning to end, the stimulating factors of bad emotions are limited to the initial events; Even other events related to the original event will not cause such bad feelings.
Second, serious psychological problems.
To be diagnosed as a serious psychological problem, the following conditions must be met: strong stimulation, long duration, strong response and universal response.
1. Strong stimulus-reason
The fuse is a strong realistic stimulus that threatens the individual. People seeking help are experiencing painful emotions. (It did not lead to psychological conflict, but directly led to painful emotions)
2. Time duration-time
The intermittent or uninterrupted duration of painful emotions is more than two months and less than six months (the longest can not exceed one year).
3. Strong reactivity
The stronger the stimulus, the stronger the response.
(1) will temporarily lose rational control in most cases; ※
(2) In the later period, the pain can be gradually reduced, but it is difficult to get rid of it simply by natural development or unprofessional intervention;
(3) Impaired social function-it has a certain impact on life, work and social interaction.
4. Reaction generalization
Painful emotions can be caused not only by the initial stimulus, but also by similar and related stimuli, that is, the emotional response object is generalized.
Third, neurotic psychological problems.
Neuropathic psychological problems, that is, suspicious neurosis, can not determine whether the diagnosis is neurosis, but can give a suspicious diagnosis. Neurotic psychological problems are diagnosed from five aspects: psychological conflict, duration, mental pain, symptom summary and dysfunction.
1. Deformation conflict-reason
Unrealistic and immoral factors lead to inner conflicts, that is, the causes only involve unimportant things in life and have no obvious moral color. (Deformation conflict)
2. Duration
The duration of painful emotional experience is two months, not more than three months. (neurosis after more than three months)
3. Degree of functional damage
Mental pain is difficult to solve, social function is damaged, and work and life are affected to some extent, but the severity does not meet the diagnostic criteria of neurosis. (neurosis: affecting psychological function and social function)
4. Summary of content
Painful emotions can be caused not only by the initial stimulus, but also by stimuli similar to and related to the initial stimulus, and can also cause such pain, that is, the generalization of psychological conflicts.
Four, neurosis (pay attention to the narrative difference between neurosis and psychological problems)
Neurosis is diagnosed from five aspects: psychological conflict, duration, functional damage, symptom summary and pathological basis.
1. Deformation conflict-reason
Psychological conflict means that two kinds of ideas, desires, behavioral tendencies and values are opposite to each other, and patients are unable to coordinate and feel mental pain. (deformation)
2. Time duration-time
The duration is long, usually in years, and the course of disease is at least 3 months. Anxiety neurosis is not less than 3 months, and panic attack lasts 1 month after the first anxiety attack.
3. Degree of functional damage
Psychological conflict and mental pain affect psychological and social functions. Such as memory loss, depression, anxiety, insomnia, decreased study and work efficiency, interpersonal tension and so on.
4. Complete generalization
Painful emotions can be caused not only by the initial stimulus, but also by stimuli similar and related to the initial stimulus, that is, the content of psychological conflict is completely summarized.