Foreign research shows that regular physical exercise has a very positive impact on children's intellectual development. Children's participation in various sports is beneficial to their personality, body, intelligence, coordination ability and self-esteem, and will benefit them for life. Therefore, parents should encourage their children to take an active part in physical exercise.
First, the main problems in children's physical education
When American parents train their children, they allow them to change sports frequently to enhance their interest in sports. French children are eager to become windsurfers, skiers and extreme athletes everywhere; Australian children's favorite sports are swimming, cycling, australian rules football and so on. Australia's "Sports Committee" has also formulated a policy to tell parents that when their children lose the game, they should not blame or beat and scold, but should pay attention to cultivating their interests.
In our country, all kinds of cultural examinations have put children firmly on the desks, and there is basically little time for physical exercise. Now "children enter primary schools" in some cities have shifted this pressure to kindergartens. Many kindergartens have math, Chinese, English and other classes besides games, so children have no time to exercise.
After seeing these situations, we should think carefully about what we should cultivate children, which is more important, academic performance or health?
The general goal of children's physical exercise is to promote the harmonious development of children's body and mind with the healthy development of children as the center. The main task of children's education is to "implement the policy of combining conservation with education, educate children to develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically in an all-round way and promote their harmonious development of body and mind". At present, kindergartens in China have indeed carried out various forms and rich contents of sports activities, but the problems existing in children's sports can not be underestimated.
(A) the concept of children's physical education is relatively backward
Kindergarten teachers pay too much attention to safety factors, children's exercise load is not enough, children are not allowed to engage in risky activities, they don't pay too much attention to children's all-round training, their educational concepts are not scientific enough, and there are no more projects suitable for children. Children are a group with no self-protection ability, and are prone to safety accidents in sports activities and children's free activities. In physical education teaching, due to safety factors, teachers usually use the method of reducing children's physical activity time to avoid risks. Therefore, to a certain extent, this directly leads to the invalidation of the value of sports activities and restricts the healthy development of children's physical quality.
(B) Children's physical education teaching objectives are unclear
In children's physical education teaching, most of them overemphasize children's interest and neglect the cultivation of basic sports ability. On the surface, the classroom atmosphere is lively, but in fact, the physical quality of children has not been developed, and there is a growing trend. In practice, kindergartens are not implemented according to the requirements and needs of children's physical and mental development.
(3) The teaching content is dull and unattractive.
The teaching content is mainly music, nursery rhymes and other education, and sports activities are limited. At the same time, in the limited physical education teaching process, most of them focus on simple projects, and the development method of basic sports ability is also boring and monotonous, which affects the teaching effect and quality.
Second, the importance of children's sports to the healthy development of children's body and mind
At present, in early kindergarten education, the improvement and development of physical fitness have not been paid due attention, which directly leads to more and more obese children and low quality compliance rate. Before the age of 7, it is a critical period for children to develop their sports habits, sports psychology and sports skills. They may try all kinds of sports, and children have strong imitation ability. Badminton, football and other seemingly adult sports, if you are interested in participating, are very conducive to improving their flexibility, flexibility and coordination, as long as the methods are proper. It is understood that western countries attach great importance to physical education in this period. Children have 1-2 hours of physical education class every day, which makes children form "sports inertia" from an early age and form an addictive "dependence" on sports when they grow up, thus realizing the habit of long-term exercise, which is good for children in the future.
(A) is a close combination of physical activity and intellectual activity.
As a special game mode, children's sports is a special sports activity suitable for children's age characteristics. It has the basic characteristics of sports, relying on the coordinated movement of the body to participate in activities; It also has a remarkable feature, that is, the combination of sports and games. It is not simply walking, running and jumping, but to complete some prescribed plots and interrelated actions, which can not be completed only by physical activities, but by the close combination of physical activities and intellectual activities. Therefore, children's physical education has a certain influence on the development of children's physique and intelligence, and can effectively promote the development of children's physique. Children's physical education has a positive effect on children's self-awareness, sports ability, observation ability and memory ability. Children's sports is not only a sports activity, but also an effective way to promote children's physical and mental development.
Children's physical health is the basic condition for their all-round and harmonious development and the basis for the development of intellectual quality, moral quality and aesthetic quality. Physical education is closely related to children's physical and mental development. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education clearly requires that kindergarten education should follow the law of preschool children's age and physical and mental development, combine conservation with education, take games as the basic form of activities, and integrate education into life and various activities. In the implementation of quality education for children, physical and mental physical education is the foundation and premise.
(2) It is a unique combination of imagination and real life.
Games have rich and complicated connotations and extensions. In essence, the game is a special social practice. The active activities of human beings can be summed up in three basic activities: labor, study and games. As the basic activity of human beings, labor is the result of creating material wealth and spiritual wealth. And learning is to prepare for future labor activities. Labor and study are the most basic practical activities of human beings, which maintain their own survival and reproduction. For workers and learners, work and study are inevitable, and there are often external factors, which are mandatory. And games are triggered by human needs. They are special activities that aim at human beings, meet the needs of human activities and do not produce material products. From this, the game can be defined as: the game is a special social practice activity, which is triggered by the physical and mental needs of human beings, and it is the general name of entertainment and fitness activities in which people freely choose products that do not produce social significance. Game is a unique activity mode suitable for children's characteristics, and it is also the best activity mode to promote children's psychological development. First of all, the sociality of games is a primary simulation form of human social activities, which reflects the social life around children. In the process of communicating with adults, children are eager to participate in some activities of adults, but they are limited by the level of physical and mental development, and games just solve this contradiction. Secondly, the game is a unique combination of imagination and real life, not a simple copy of social life. In the game, children can freely engage in all kinds of activities they yearn for (such as shopping and playing house). By using imaginary situations, it is not limited by many conditions in real life (such as technology, tools, physical fitness, etc.). ); It can not only fully spread the wings of imagination, but also truly reproduce and experience the feelings and interpersonal relationships in adult life and know all kinds of things around. In addition, games are activities that children actively participate in and are accompanied by pleasant experiences. It is neither required to create wealth like labor nor forced like study, so it is deeply loved by children. As a branch of games, children's sports also has its important practical significance.
(3) It is the combination of children's health and the country's greatest wealth.
Physical education is an excellent activity, which can not only exercise children's health, but also sharpen their character and learn how to cooperate with others and resolve conflicts.
People often see children's joy after winning on the court, sadness after losing, and grievances after conflicts with others. That kind of laughter and tears are so strong. Exercise at this time is the best metaphor for children. Go all out, lose, get up and continue; They are willing to win, and doing what they like is good for their children's growth.
As a pre-school education integrating conservation and education, we must put "physical education" in the first place when implementing comprehensive and harmonious education for young children, so as to improve their physical health, enhance their physique and promote their all-round development. Therefore, we must emphasize the importance of children's physical education. I think children's physical education is the foundation and the first condition for their healthy growth. Children's health is not only the greatest wealth of individuals, but also the greatest wealth of a nation and a country. Under the new concept of health, kindergarten physical education should not only pay attention to children's physical health, but also pay attention to children's mental health, so as to realize the harmonious unity of "strengthening body, strengthening body, strengthening brain and strengthening heart". But for the development of children and the foundation of good health. Kindergartens should always adhere to the basic principle of combining protection with education, carry out physical education scientifically and reasonably, and promote the coordinated development of all aspects of children's quality on the premise of ensuring and enhancing their physical health.
Third, children's sports are of great benefit to children's health.
(a) Significantly increase the height of children.
Children's physical education can enhance the functions of various organ systems of children's bodies and make them strong. Children can grow tall because of the growth of the whole bone, especially the long bone, because the epiphyseal cartilage at both ends of the long bone is the growth point of the bone. As a result of physical exercise, blood circulation is improved and bone tissue gets more nutrition. At the same time, exercise has a mechanical stimulation effect on bones. Therefore, it can accelerate the growth of bones and increase the height of children. Infant swimming is widely carried out in the former Soviet Union, Germany and other countries. Studies by physiological and medical experts in those places show that babies can grow faster than ordinary children when they participate in swimming.
(2) Let the child's muscles gradually plump.
Can exercise children's limbs, increase muscle strength, so that muscles gradually plump up. If we strengthen the support of abdominal muscles, psoas muscles, back muscles and limbs, strengthen the exercise of lower limb muscle strength, and carry out some conditioned reflex training before the child's movements develop, so that the child can establish contact in the brain center through these tactile stimuli and muscle training, and the child's movements can become sensitive and muscles can become developed.
(3) Make the child's cardiopulmonary function good.
Exercise can promote cardiopulmonary function, accelerate blood circulation, strengthen metabolism, develop myocardium and enhance contractility. During exercise, children's muscle activities need to consume a lot of oxygen and discharge more carbon dioxide, so the respiratory organs need to work harder. Over time, the range of chest activities is expanded, the vital capacity is improved, and the ventilation per minute (that is, the ventilation per minute) of the lungs is increased, which enhances the function of respiratory organs and has a good effect on preventing common respiratory diseases.
(4) Enhance children's gastrointestinal ability.
Exercise can make children's gastrointestinal peristalsis increase, gastrointestinal digestion ability increase, appetite increase, nutrition absorption is complete, and children develop better. Children who are anorexic and refuse to eat need more exercise.
(5) Make the child's nervous system normal.
Can promote the development of the nervous system. During exercise, the coordinated movement of all parts of the body is carried out under the unified control and regulation of the nervous system. Therefore, while doing physical exercise, the nervous system itself is also exercising and improving. Such as all kinds of gymnastics, can make the baby from disorderly movements, gradually form and develop into differentiated, purposeful and coordinated movements, which is a good adjustment to the nervous system.
(6) Improve children's physical fitness.
It can prevent diseases. Children do more outdoor sports, bathe in sunshine, air and water, and gradually can withstand the stimulation of external environmental changes. The mucous membranes of the skin and respiratory tract are constantly exercised, which enhances their tolerance, and the cerebral cortex also forms a conditioned reflex to the stimulation of cold and heat. When natural factors change, children can respond quickly and accurately, so as to keep the body in balance with the external environment, so that it is not easy to catch a cold or suffer from heatstroke.
Fourth, sports suitable for children.
There are many sports suitable for children, such as skipping rope, swimming, gymnastics, martial arts, running, kicking shuttlecock, skateboarding, roller skating, ball games (football, basketball, badminton, table tennis, tennis), and more suitable for girls' dancing, yoga, aerobics, bungee jumping and so on. And all kinds of sports have their unique benefits:
(1) jump rope
Jumping rope can strengthen the brain. Skipping rope can promote blood circulation, make people feel comfortable and walk effectively. More importantly, it can play a role in dredging meridians and strengthening the brain.
(2) Swimming
Swimming is also a good exercise for children. Swimming can increase vital capacity, improve the body's adaptability to the external environment and enhance its resistance to diseases.
③ Gymnastics
Gymnastics also increases the flexibility of children's bodies.
Children's golf
The greatest value of children's golf is not to let them hit the ball blindly and exercise their nonexistent muscles, but to let them exercise the coordination of hands, eyes and waist in a standard swing, thus promoting the rapid development of the nervous system.
(5) Children's tennis
Children's tennis (badminton, table tennis) is essentially different from adult tennis. Children play tennis with sponge balls, which are extremely light in weight. Children's tennis has a strong training effect on children's reaction ability, balance ability and attention. The most prominent thing is that children can strengthen their spatial judgment ability and hand-brain coordination ability in the happy return.
(6) Children's bicycles
Riding a bike can improve the sensitivity of reaction. Cycling regularly can develop children's leg and foot muscle strength, and improve children's movement speed, reaction sensitivity and balance ability. Three-year-old children can prepare a tricycle, with a low center of gravity and not easy to fall, and children will soon master the essentials of cycling. Children find that they can master a new technology quickly, which will increase their self-confidence.
(7) Children's football
Football is the most balanced sport in all ball games, and all parts of the human body can get full exercise and exercise. Children can improve their strength, speed, endurance and balance in football, and can exercise their sensitivity and coordination, which is very beneficial to the development of their nervous system. At the same time, football is a team sport, and children can get the initial team consciousness in football matches. More importantly, football is a very interesting sport, and it is easier for children to keep exercising for a long time.
Special reminder: First of all, children are forbidden to use header to protect head safety and brain development; Secondly, it is forbidden to tackle the ball to avoid serious injuries such as fractures caused by shovel injuries; Before exercise, children must be taught to protect themselves with their hands in the game and refuse to play hardball.
(8) Wushu
It is understood that the National Wushu Association has specially created four sets of Wushu routines that are most suitable for children. Through scientific Wushu routine practice, you can increase bone density, enhance the stability and flexibility of joints, and improve muscle elasticity and body flexibility; At the same time, Wushu has no age taboo, and practicing from childhood can effectively shape the masculinity of children "sitting like a bell, standing like a pine, lying like a bow and walking like the wind".
(9) Skating
Children can train and improve their balance ability by practicing skating, because children are in the development period of vestibule and semicircular canal. Swallow-like balance and rotation in skating are good postures to improve balance ability, and skating can also increase children's cardiopulmonary function and flexibility.
(10) mountain climbing
Mountain climbing can exercise children's perseverance, broaden their horizons and form an open-minded and optimistic character.
The right brain's perception of images and stimulation of cells in motion are faster and stronger than those in static state. For example, jump for half an hour every day, play table tennis, badminton and so on. And consciously let the left hand repeat several actions when boxing or doing exercises to stimulate the right brain.
Fifth, the age at which children are suitable for learning sports.
Children should choose different sports according to their age:
(A) school-age learning table tennis
If a 3-year-old child can learn to throw and catch the ball, then a child who can "catch and throw a high ball" can usually play table tennis at the age of 3. If you can return the ball head-on, you can play with a racket. Children can start learning table tennis at any time if they are interested.
(B) School-age learning football
If children can kick the ball as lightly and as big as a beach ball at the age of 2-3, they can kick the ball in a certain direction correctly at the age of 4-5, so that children can learn the basic kicking methods of kicking farther or kicking to a fixed distance. Therefore, starting from the age of 2-3, you can fully enjoy the fun of playing football when you join the football team in primary school.
(C) School-age learning baseball
When a child is 4-5 years old, he can throw the ball at a wall or an obstacle and catch the bouncing ball. Throwing and catching the ball with the wall as the opponent is the basic practice of the catcher, which can cultivate the correct ball control and throwing ability. Only after you can throw and catch the ball can you play baseball with the children. Generally speaking, you can join the baseball team at the age of 6-7, and it is not too late at the age of 8-9.
School-age period of learning judo
The child is about 2 years old and likes to be teased by his parents. Children aged 3-4 like to grab adults' feet and attack their father from front to back. When they are 5 years old, they can turn around freely. The basic sports ability of practicing judo can be studied in the first or second grade of primary school, but formal judo learning is more suitable in the fourth grade of primary school.
(5) the school-age period of learning skiing.
Children can use their bodies freely from the age of 3, such as stopping suddenly, turning sharply, or rushing out to run at once. From the instructor's point of view, from the understanding point of view, it is more appropriate to learn skiing around the age of 4. Two-and-a-half-year-olds can ski if they can walk with ski equipment.
(6) School-age period of learning kendo
Children aged 2-3 don't know the rules of the game. When they are 4-5 years old, they have personality and know how to stand up for themselves. After that, you will be indomitable and conceited. At the age of 6-7, the creative spirit begins to sprout and develop, and the annoyed anger will be manifested throughout the body. Wearing protective masks and clothing is the basis of kendo practice. From the perspective of physical and mental development, the third grade of primary school is the best time to learn kendo.
The above ages and training subjects are for reference only.
Seven, children should avoid the following sports:
(1) Adult jumps impact children's bones and joints, such as high jump and long jump practiced by adults.
(2) handstands easily affect the visual organs: many parents will let their children practice handstands. On the one hand, the project will lead to excessive increase of intracranial pressure, which will have adverse effects on cerebrovascular and visual organs; On the other hand, it is also very easy to cause wrist and arm fractures, with a high risk factor.
(3) The game of "cart" is easy to cause bruises (the child's arms are straight and the other person's legs are forward) to prevent the child from falling to the ground and scratching his face or chest.
(4) Weightlifting may affect the symmetrical development of the body: first, prevent local muscles from being too thick and affect the symmetrical development of all parts of the body; Second, prevent the muscles from developing due to premature stimulation, which will cause a heavy burden on the heart and other organs.
(5) Avoid strength and muscle exercise: The purpose of children's exercise should be to stimulate the development of their nervous system, so that they can obtain good physical coordination and sensitivity, rather than strength and muscle exercise.
For children's adult sports, the first thing to pay attention to is equipment, not small adult equipment, but specially designed for children; Secondly, the amount of exercise must be appropriate, because the child is in the period of growth and development, and the joints and ligaments are relatively fragile. Long-term exercise will do harm to them, especially on one side.