Take education as an example. South Korea regards the improvement of national quality as the basis of development. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, "education first" was put forward, and education has been developing ahead of schedule. For a long time, the Korean government's investment in education has been one of the highest among developing China countries. It is a well-known fact that China's per capita investment in education has lagged behind the world for a long time. Even among developing China countries, the proportion of government investment in education in China is one of the lowest, even worse than that in Uganda, a poor country. According to a report by the BBC correspondent in the United Nations on September 20, 2003, United Nations officials severely criticized the education situation in China, pointing out that China is not only one of the countries with the lowest public education funds in the world, but also discriminates against the poor in education and charges them high tuition fees that they cannot afford.
The starting point of developing modern education in China and South Korea is the same. From 65438 to 0945, the illiteracy rate in South Korea was 78%, which was equivalent to that in China. 5 1 year later 1996, the proportion of Korean college students in the population reached 37%, surpassing the United States and Australia, rising to the first place in the world and becoming one of the most developed countries in education in the world. However, China's figure is less than 5%, which ranks lower in the world and remains one of the countries with the most backward education in the world. South Korea's high national quality has greatly promoted its economic development, created the "Hanjiang miracle", and made South Korea the fastest country to get rid of the Asian financial crisis. South Korea has gained more and more advantages in the field of knowledge economy. The number of patents per capita in South Korea is second only to that in Japan in the world, and more and more people with low academic qualifications in China are putting increasing pressure on employment. South Korea has popularized high school education, but in 200 1 year, the enrollment rate of junior high school graduates in China is only 52%, that is to say, about half of junior high school students will directly participate in employment competition or be unemployed at home. The accumulation of low-quality population year after year will put more and more heavy shackles on China's fast-developing economy.
The fundamental reason for this difference lies in our quick success and short-sightedness in social development. Investment in engineering construction can be immediate, while investment education will take many years to see results. The development of GDP can get political achievements immediately, but education is not the main criterion to evaluate the official's political achievements, which is why our local government refuses to invest in education.
Second, the Korean government has a clear plan and powerful means in social development, and takes decisive measures to solve social problems in time, such as the gap between the rich and the poor and rural problems, thus reversing the deviation of development. The development of China is "crossing the river by feeling the stones", which is a problem of delay and accumulation, because lax political discipline has caused a large number of social problems, which are hard to return.
The problems of China's reform and opening up have always accumulated to a certain extent, so that we have to ignore them before we start to make up for them. Agriculture, rural areas and farmers, corruption control and financial reform are all the same.
Koreans lack the patience and calmness of China people. Take rural issues as an example. In 2002, the income gap between urban and rural areas in China exceeded 3∶ 1 for the first time and expanded to 3? 1:1,much higher than1in most countries. The ratio of 5: 1. Rural infrastructure is seriously backward, and farmers are treated unfairly in public goods such as education and medical care. But so far, we still haven't come up with strong measures to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers.
South Korea has also encountered rural problems. Since park chung-hee came to power, industry has developed much faster than agriculture. 1962, the average income of Korean farmers was 7 1% of that of urban residents, but by 1970, it had dropped to 6 1% of that of urban residents. At that time, the rural areas of South Korea were also faced with the problems of backward rural infrastructure and poor living conditions of farmers. Of course, compared with the current situation in China, the rural problems in Korea at that time were just a drop in the ocean.
Influenced by Confucianism, Korean society is very sensitive to social injustice. Park chung-hee adopted the way of "New Village Movement" with Korean characteristics and made great efforts to solve rural problems. In a word, the "new village movement" means that the government invests the money earned by industry in the countryside, cuts off the income of some urban residents and gives it to farmers. From 1972 to 1978, the proportion of agriculture in government expenditure increased from 4% to 38%. Of course, the government's investment in rural areas is not an equal distribution, but encourages the advanced, punishes the backward and guides farmers to change their ideas and mental outlook. This is the essence of the new village movement. Because they have been suppressed at the bottom of society in history, Korean farmers are prone to yield to reality, being conservative and cowardly, and resigned to their fate. They lack initiative in social development, passively obey the command of political power, do not know their rights, and lack civic awareness. This is the biggest obstacle to rural development. Therefore, the first goal of the "New Village Movement" is "rural enlightenment". Park chung-hee pointed out that the villagers' spirit of pragmatic participation, self-reliance, cooperation, friendship and hard work is the guarantee for the success of the campaign. Therefore, when allocating subsidies, the government must pay special attention to the confidence and initiative of villagers in transforming their villages.
Hope to adopt. Thank you.