Rufujun

Silkworm rearing cycle is short and technical. Silkworm rearing must be carried out in a certain season and under suitable environmental conditions. We also need a good silkworm house, silkworm equipment and high-quality mulberry leaves to create a suitable physiological environment and living environment for silkworms and provide convenience for feeding operations, so as to obtain a good cocoon harvest and improve economic benefits.

First, the preparation before sericulture

(1) Silkworm layout

1. Silkworm rearing period: from the first ten days of April to the last ten days of 10, our county can raise silkworms 4-5 times a year. See table 1 for the layout of silkworm rearing four times a year, the period of silkworm eggs leaving the warehouse and the feeding ratio.

Table 1 sericulture ratio in each season

Spring silkworm, summer silkworm, mid-autumn silkworm, late autumn silkworm.

The delivery date is from mid-April to late April, and from late July to early August to early September after June 10.

The feeding proportion is 35-40%15-20% 35-40%10%.

2. Preparation of silkworm eggs: At present, there are 87 1×872, 783×87 1×872874, Su Zhen× Chunguang, Suju× Hu Ming, Shaanxi Silkworm No.5 and so on. It is widely used in production.

3. Silkworm rearing: The principle of "rearing silkworms by measuring leaves" should be followed. Estimate the output of mulberry field one by one in advance, and fix the seed according to the leaf output. The amount of mulberry eaten by a silkworm egg is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Mulberry Quantity for Silkworm at Different Ages (unit: kg)

Mulberry consumption during leaf picking in this period.

1 2 3 4 5

Spring silkworm bud leaves 1.5 4 20 80 600? —650 705.50—755.50

Silkworm leaves1.541570450—500540.50—595.50

Autumn silkworm leaves1.5413 60 400—450 478.50—528.50

4. Silkworm rearing layout: According to the climate in our city, spring silkworms and Mid-Autumn silkworms should be properly reared. The rearing amount of summer silkworm can account for 15-20%. Late autumn silkworms should be flexibly mastered according to the number of remaining mulberry leaves.

(2) Preparation of equipment and consumables: Silkworm houses and utensils should be arranged as soon as possible according to the number of silkworms. It is better to keep warm and moist in the small silkworm room and spring silkworm period. The big silkworm house and the summer and autumn silkworm house should be ventilated and ventilated, with convection windows, and the silkworm house should be far away from the kitchen, pigs, cows, sheepfolds and toilets.

(3) Labor preparation: generally, young silkworms adopt the form of rearing young silkworms, and each person aged 1 ~ 2 can raise 4-5 silkworm eggs (including picking leaves); 3-4 capsules per person in 3rd instar, 4 capsules per person in 4th instar 1.5-2 capsules; At the 5th instar, each person raises 1-2 silkworm eggs. The items used are shown in Table 3.

List of main equipment and consumables needed by silkworm 3

Name, unit quantity and remarks

Silkworm House 1 Special Silkworm House or Ordinary House (4 meters long, 3 meters wide and 3 meters high)

Silkworm foil is 40-45 long 1m and 0.8m wide.

Small silkworm net is only 30.

The big silkworm net is only 60-80.

Plastic film kg 1.5 polyethylene film

Silkworm rack pay 2-3

Silkworm cluster 180-200 cardboard square cluster

Bleaching powder kg 1.5-2

Formaldehyde liquid kg 3

The toxicity of 0.2-0.3kg dissipates.

Disease prevention 1 kg 0.5- 1.0

25 kilograms of fresh lime blocks

Bee coal kg 100

Second, disinfection and disease prevention

(A) the importance of disinfection and disease prevention

Disease-free can ensure a good cocoon harvest. The existence of pathogens in silkworm houses and equipment is the main cause of silkworm diseases, especially in places where silkworms have been raised. Pathogens lurk in silkworm houses and equipment. Once the silkworm eats or touches the skin, it can cause silkworm diseases, affect its growth and development, and even cause the harvest to fail in severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly disinfect and eliminate pathogens before sericulture to ensure disease-free and high yield.

(2) Disinfection of silkworm tools in the silkworm room before sericulture.

1. disinfection time: generally, it is required to be carried out 7- 10 days before sericulture.

2. Disinfection method: Before disinfection, carefully clean the silkworm house and the surrounding environment, and rinse it with clear water. If it is a diseased silkworm house on the ground, the old soil should be scraped off and new soil should be put on it. The walls are plastered with lime slurry. Silkworm tools were exposed to the sun for several hours, moved into the silkworm house, and disinfected with drugs for more than two times.

(1) Spray 1% bleaching powder clear solution (containing 0.5 kg of 25% raw powder and 12 kg of water) evenly on the floor, walls and silkworms of the silkworm house for the first time. Spray 0.25 kg clear liquid per square meter. Keep it moist for 30 minutes after spraying, and the room temperature shall not be lower than 100C. It is required to spray evenly without leaving any loopholes. Metal and fiber products cannot be disinfected with this medicine.

Bleaching powder can kill pathogens such as viral diseases, bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and microparticle diseases.

You can also use 1 kg of 2% formalin (that is, formaldehyde solution), add 16.5 kg of water and stir evenly, and then add 0.33 kg of fresh lime powder and stir evenly to obtain formalin lime slurry for disinfection. Spray 0. 1 kg diluent per square meter evenly on the silkworm house and silkworm tools.

Note: Before spraying, the gaps between doors and windows must be sealed tightly with paper strips. After spraying wet, keep the room above 240℃ for 6 hours, and open the window day and night for ventilation. Formalin is highly irritating, so you should wear a mask when disinfecting.

Disinfection targets: viruses, bacteria, fungi, microparticle diseases, etc. Have a killing effect.

(2) The second time, use poison to eliminate smoke and disinfect.

When disinfecting, the gaps between doors and windows should be sealed tightly first, and the dosage should be 3-4 grams per cubic meter according to the volume of silkworm room. The amount of poorly sealed houses should be increased by 25%, that is, 3.75-5 grams per cubic meter. In order to increase the permeability of drugs, the silkworms in the silkworm house should be sprayed with clear water before disinfection, and the silkworms should be overhead. Then, put the powder on the preheating furnace in the iron pot. When heated, the medicine will first become liquid and smoke a lot. Close the doors and windows immediately, keep the indoor temperature above 240℃ for 5-6 hours, seal it after disinfection 10 hour, and open the doors and windows to release the medicinal flavor. Silkworms can be raised in 5-6 days.

Note: Fumigation and disinfection furnace is more than 1 m away from silkworm tools to prevent fire.

(3) Disinfection and disease prevention in silkworm stage

1, strictly implement the disease prevention and health care system:

(1) Silkworms should "wash three times, change two times and disinfect one", wash their hands before entering the silkworm room, adjust mulberry, wash their hands before mulberry, and wash their hands after removing sand and selecting silkworms. Change shoes in the silkworm room and change shoes in the mulberry storage room. The silkworm house and mulberry storage room were first eliminated by disinfection with 0.3% effective chlorine bleaching powder solution every day. Or put fresh lime powder at the door to disinfect the soles.

(2) Sterilized instruments cannot be brought into the silkworm house.

(3) Silkworm excrement should be transported to a place far away from the silkworm house in time, and it is not allowed to be dumped anywhere or spread in the hospital.

(4) The big and small silkworms are strictly separated and cannot be mixed.

(5) Ill silkworms found in sericulture shall be strictly isolated and eliminated.

2. Disinfection of silkworm body and silkworm seat:

After harvesting, mulberries are disinfected before ants and silkworms, and before eating at all ages; Disinfect the leaves every day or every other day before disinfecting them. If the silkworm disease has occurred, it can be carried out again, and the disinfectant is evenly sprinkled on the silkworm seat with a reed screen or a cloth bag, which is in a thin frost shape. /kloc-give mulberry 0/2 minutes. Disinfecting drugs are:

(1) Fresh lime powder can prevent and treat virus diseases.

(2) Prevention 1 is effective for various diseases.

(3) Mi Jiangling has curative effect on many fungal diseases.

(4) Silkworm disinfectant has effects on silkworm virus, bacteria, mycosis and microparticle disease.

(5) Use antibacterial agent 402, antibiotics and other drugs.

3. Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases in mulberry fields: prevent mulberry leaves from being polluted by pests' corpses and insect droppings, resulting in cross-infection.

(4) disinfection after sericulture (back to the mountains for disinfection)

It is basically the same as the disinfection before sericulture. In addition to cleaning up the silkworm clusters in the silkworm gear, silkworm house and silkworm house, the dead silkworm litter clusters should be burned immediately, and then cleaned and disinfected again. We should attach great importance to the disinfection of returning to the mountains and thoroughly disinfect all dead ends.

Third, supplement silkworm eggs and collect ants.

(1) Replenishing water and rejuvenating: The day before seed collection, the temperature in the feeding room rose to 265438±00C. After entering the room, the silkworm eggs are immediately poured out of the box and evenly spread in the silkworm foil lined with paper in advance and marked with black boxes on the paper. Silkworm eggs should not overlap. The small silkworm nursery should be covered with 4-6 eggs of tin foil, covered with a piece of red paper and a window. The temperature rises by 0.5- 10C every hour until it reaches 25.5 c, and the difference between wet and dry is1-1.5c. If the silkworm eggs turn blue during sowing, they should be protected from light at 240℃ for one day, and then the temperature is raised to 25.5 c in the afternoon before collecting ants, which can improve the hatching rate of one day.

(2) collecting ants

1, preparation before receiving ants:

Prepare silkworm foil, silkworm chopsticks, ant collecting paper, scales, chicken feathers or goose feathers, plastic film, mulberry knives and other ant collecting appliances. Collect mulberry leaves of ants in the morning or in the early evening.

2. Ant collection time:

Photosensitive at 5 am in spring, and the ant collection ends at 8- 10 am. Photosensitive at 4 am in summer and autumn, collecting ants at 7-9 am.

3. Ant collection method:

(1) paper collection method: use thin white paper (suitable for collecting ants in silkworm breeding grounds) or cotton paper (suitable for collecting ants in individual households). The method is: cover the silkworm eggs with a plastic screen (press the eggs), then spread a piece of white paper or cotton paper on the net and sprinkle mulberry leaves on it. After the silkworm climbs to the paper, sweep away the mulberry leaves, pick up the cotton paper for collecting ants and spread it in the silkworm foil with a plastic film. * * * Going to the nursery to collect ants, two people hold the four corners of the paper, gently sweep the silkworms in the silkworm foil wrapped in plastic film with goose feathers, and weigh them. Generally, each ant 10g is collected at one time. Spread the ants gently with silkworm chopsticks, and label each one to prevent confusion. Then disinfect the ant body with 1, give a little mulberry leaf after 15 minutes, and arrange the silkworm seat after giving the mulberry leaf for the second time to make the silkworm seat flat and even.

(2) netting method: cover the ant silkworm with two layers of plastic gauze, and sprinkle a layer of mulberry leaves cut into small squares on the net. After the ant silkworm climbed up, it lifted the net above and put it in another silkworm foil padded with plastic film. Disinfection of ants and the whole process are the same as the paper collection method.

After the ants are collected, the unhatched silkworm eggs continue to be shaded and placed in the lower layer of the silkworm frame, and the ants are also collected the next day.

Fourth, the rearing of young silkworms.

Silkworm has fast growth and development, high requirements for leaf quality, weak resistance to pathogenic microorganisms and strong adaptability to high temperature and humidity, so it needs to be strengthened in management and carefully raised. Lay a good foundation for raising silkworms.

(a) according to the standard of each ant10g.

(2) Temperature and humidity adjustment

Table 4 Standard Table of Temperature and Humidity in Silkworm Stage

age

Temperature and humidity one two three

Sleep to eat mulberry, sleep to eat mulberry, sleep to eat mulberry.

Temperature (zero degree Celsius) 27-28 26-27 27-28 26-27 25-26 24-25

Humidity (%) 85-90 80-85 85-90 80-85 75-80 73-78

(3) Disinfection and disease prevention in the middle stage of sericulture.

After the ants are collected, the silkworm body and the silkworm seat are disinfected once a day with 1 or bleaching powder to prevent rigidity. Silkworms of every age should be disinfected before being given to mulberry.

Used silkworm nets, plastic films, etc. You should clean and disinfect before going to bed every time. The floors of silkworm rooms and mulberry storage rooms are disinfected once a day with 0.5% bleaching powder solution or 2% lime slurry.

(4) give mulberry.

Mulberry leaf picking standard table 5

Other signs of leaf color and leaf position at age

First of all, the stipules of the 3rd-4th leaves at the top of the dark green bud tip naturally fall off.

The stipules at the top of the second bud tip that just turned dark green were red rust from top to bottom.

Dark green with three leaves, and the basal epidermis of the petiole of the heart bud is brown.

2, the amount of mulberry: it depends on the silkworm to mulberry, 80% full, 100% full, and gradually reduce the amount of food. In short, it is best to have no leaves or slight leaves.

3. Mulberry feeding times: 3-4 times a day. Before feeding mulberry leaves, cut mulberry leaves into small square leaves.

4. Expansive sand:

(1) Expand the base, use silkworm chopsticks before giving mulberry every time, and gently move goose feathers around the base. Silkworms use foil when removing sand.

Standard Table of Silkworm Nest Area in Silkworm Stage Table 6

Year-old ant collecting day,1the second day of 23 years old.

Silkworm nest area (m2) 0.13-0.17 0.9-1.1.2-2.2.9-3.3.

Number of Silkworm Foils (each piece) 2 2 4 6

(2) Sand removal: once a year, once a year, once a year, once a year, and the next day, silkworms are born.

5, sleep treatment:

Most of the first-year-old silkworms are fried beige, about 0. 1% have fallen asleep, and some are still attached to silkworm excrement. Most of the second-year-old individuals become milky white, and their body fat becomes shorter. About 0.5% of them reach sleep, and some of them can join the sleep net. After the mulberry is given 1-2 times, the sand can be removed and the silkworm can fall asleep. When sleeping, the wind, vibration and light are darker, and the temperature is 0.5- 10C lower than when eating mulberry. When more than 98% of the silkworms are hatched, they can be disinfected. Use silkworm disease preventive. 1 or bleaching powder is evenly coated on silkworms, showing a thin frost shape. /kloc-after 0/5 minutes, spread a layer of burnt bran and feed the mulberry.

Quality standard for rearing young silkworms (for reference)

1 silkworm number: 1 silkworm 10g ant number. According to the sampling survey before sericulture, the silkworm number should reach more than 22,000.

2 Silkworm weight standard: On the second day after the third instar, the weight of hundred silkworms reaches 12- 15g (spring silkworm 15g, summer and autumn silkworm 12g).

3. Silkworm body strength: the silkworm body color is normal, healthy and disease-free, eating mulberry vigorously, acting lively, and there are no dead silkworms in the foil. The sale of sick silkworms is prohibited.

4. Silkworm development uniformity: the same batch of silkworms requires orderly development (uneven development, strict batch), and the development uniformity should reach more than 98%.

Five, sericulture technology

(1) bud (leaf) education

Generally, bud leaves are used in spring silkworm period and leaves are used in autumn silkworm period.

1. Bud (leaf) rearing types: due to different silkworm equipment, it can be divided into three types: silkworm plaque rearing, silkworm platform rearing and ground silkworm rearing.

(1) Silkworm plaque culture: An 8- 10-storey silkworm rack is generally made of trapezoidal frame or bamboo, and square plaque and round plaque can be inserted in multiple layers, because silkworm plaque culture can make full use of space and occupy less houses, which is beneficial to isolation and disease prevention.

(2) Silkworm rearing: Silkworm rearing materials can be obtained locally, and bamboo or rope can be used to build a fixed or movable sericulture platform instead of columns. Generally, there are 3-4 layers, each layer is about 60㎝ apart, with a width of about 1.5m and a length of about 3.4m, on which buds or leaves are fed to raise silkworms.

(3) Silkworm breeding: Silkworm breeding should choose a house with high terrain, dryness, good ventilation and no release of fertilizers and pesticides. , plug the holes of ants and rats, clean them up, disinfect them, spread a layer of fresh lime powder on the ground, and then spread a layer of short straw, and move the 4 th or 5 th instar silkworms to the ground to raise them. The width of the silkworm seat is1.2-1.5m, and a 50㎝ wide passage is reserved between beds, and the length of the beds can be flexibly controlled according to the depth of the house.

2, bud (leaf) breeding points:

(1) Adjust the feeding environment: the optimum temperature for 4th instar is 24-25℃, the difference between dry and wet is about 2.5℃, the optimum temperature for 5th instar is 23-24℃, and the difference between dry and wet is about 3℃. Low temperature below 20℃ and high temperature above 30℃ should be avoided as far as possible. Silkworm plaques should be replaced frequently, so that the temperature of each plaque is uniform, and the silkworm room should be ventilated.

(2) Pay attention to satiety: generally give mulberry 4-6 times a day. Three-eye leaves and small branches and leaves should be used in the spring silkworm stage, and mulberry cores should be picked in 10- 13 days before leaves to improve the quality of leaves. After the third day of the 5th instar, special attention should be paid to the satiety of silkworms, and mulberry trees should be evenly distributed and supplemented.

(3) expanding the base and removing sand: expanding the base in time, so that the area of each (box) fourth-instar silkworm should reach13-15m2, and the fifth-instar silkworm should reach 28-36m2; Silkworm can't be full when feeding, leaving room; 10- 15 ㎝ Stay around the silkworm seat on the silkworm platform to prevent the silkworm from falling to the ground from the curtain.

Silkworm plaque reproduces at the 4th instar, once during sleep, twice at the middle stage and once a day after 5th instar. Silkworms should also be properly desanded. Generally, when the ground silkworm is raised for 5 years, sand is not removed, but dry materials such as lime powder or short straw should be sprinkled on the silkworm seat to facilitate the hygiene of the silkworm seat.

(4) Sleep well: Sleep slowly and get up unevenly. Sleeping nets should not be added too early. It is necessary to raise green in batches in time and produce grain in time.

3. Mulberry picking, transportation and storage

(1) Picking: Mulberry is picked twice in the morning and evening, and the third eye leaf at the lower part of the branch is picked at the big silkworm stage, and the core bud and bud leaf are stopped.

(2) Transportation: loose picking, transportation and express delivery are required. Prevent mulberry leaves from getting hot and deteriorating.

(3) Mulberry storage: there should be a special mulberry storage room that can keep low temperature and low humidity, and it should be far away from pens and toilets for pigs, cows, chickens and ducks. Mulberry storage room should be cleaned and disinfected first. Spread a layer of plastic film on it or put a clean mat, bamboo curtain, etc. Put mulberry leaves on it and cover them with a wet cloth to keep them fresh.

Six, silkworm rearing techniques in summer and autumn

10 The summer silkworms, early autumn silkworms, mid-autumn silkworms and late autumn silkworms that can be reared from the middle and late June are called summer and autumn silkworms. During this period, because of the high temperature, silkworms and mulberry trees grow and develop rapidly, they can raise silkworms for many times, improve the utilization rate of mulberry leaves, silkworm houses and silkworms, increase cocoon yield and increase cocoon yield per mu. However, due to the poor leaf quality, the climate in summer and autumn is changeable, and long-term high temperature and dry weather are often encountered. In addition, after many times of silkworm rearing, there are many pathogens left in the rearing environment, which is prone to silkworm diseases. Therefore, we should attach great importance to the implementation and implementation of sericulture technology in summer and autumn, and take reasonable and effective technical measures to make sericulture safe and stable in summer and autumn.

(A) Three characteristics of sericulture in summer and autumn

1, climatic characteristics: the silkworm climate in our county changes greatly in summer and autumn. Due to different geographical locations, the climate is characterized by warm winter, dry spring, hot summer and autumn rain. Mulberry has a long growth period, from April to 1 1 can raise silkworms. Summer silkworms began to be raised in the middle and late June. At this time, the temperature gradually rises, with high temperature and high humidity in sunny days, forming a climate pattern of high temperature and high humidity, and low temperature and humidity in rainy days. In autumn, the temperature often exceeds 350 degrees Celsius, and sometimes drought occurs, resulting in hot and dry weather. Late autumn silkworms often have rainy days, often with low temperature and wet weather.

2. Leaf quality characteristics: The quality of leaf quality in summer and autumn is greatly influenced by climatic conditions. In the case of continuous rain and insufficient sunshine, the water content of mulberry leaves is high, and the contents of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and other nutrients necessary for silkworms are correspondingly reduced. If it doesn't rain for a long time, the soil is short of water, and the water content of mulberry leaves is low, which weakens the photosynthetic capacity, produces less nutrients, and has more crude fiber in the leaves, which makes the leaves hard and stops the growth of mulberry trees, leading to the phenomenon of capping. Under the condition of sufficient water and fertilizer, mulberry leaves grow fast, new shoots and leaves grow at a high speed, and the leaf quality is good.

Our county is in the hot and humid season of summer and autumn, and the mulberry trees are flourishing. We can pick leaves in batches and raise silkworms in stages. The leaf quality of summer silkworm and late autumn silkworm is generally good, but drought often occurs in the mid-autumn silkworm period, and mulberry trees are prone to aging due to dehydration, and the leaf quality is poor.

3. Characteristics of pests and diseases: The output and quality of silkworm cocoons in summer and autumn are not as good as those in spring, mainly due to the harm of silkworm diseases. In summer and autumn, with the increase of silkworm rearing times, pathogens accumulate more and spread more widely. Coupled with high temperature and humid environmental conditions, pathogens multiply quickly and are highly pathogenic, such as incomplete disinfection of silkworm utensils in silkworm houses, extensive feeding management and easy infection with silkworm diseases. In addition, the silkworm is often in a high temperature and humid environment in summer and autumn, the quality of mulberry leaves is poor, the silkworm body is easy to weaken, and the disease resistance is reduced. Therefore, summer and autumn silkworms are more prone to disease than spring silkworms, resulting in low cocoon yield and poor cocoon quality.

In summer and autumn, mulberry pests, such as mulberry flies, wild silkworms, mulberry inchworms and caterpillars, are more serious. These pests can also get sick like silkworms, and if they eat mulberry leaves contaminated by pests' carcasses or insect droppings, they will also be infected and sick. Pesticides are widely used in farmland in summer and autumn. Silkworms often die from pesticide poisoning or become cocoons. Poisoning may also occur in mulberry fields if insect pests are not handled properly or the residual period of drugs is not mastered. If bacterial pesticides are used, mulberry leaves will also be polluted, causing silkworms to fall off. Therefore, the use of pesticides in farmland should be arranged as a whole in summer and autumn, and the sericulture villages, groups and households should be informed as soon as possible, and the variety of pesticides should be strictly controlled in mulberry fields. Concentration, time and method of preventing silkworm poisoning.

The harm of fly maggots in summer and autumn is more serious than that in spring, so measures to prevent fly maggots should be taken in time, and the silkworm house should be protected with screen windows and door curtains.

Silkworm rearing techniques in summer and autumn are basically the same as those in spring. Special attention should be paid to the following differences:

(2) Rational layout

1. Proper rearing of summer silkworms: Generally, the rearing amount of summer silkworms is equivalent to 15%-20% of the whole year. Pick the lower leaves of mulberry branches cut in spring. The temperature is suitable for mulberry growth, with good leaf quality and stable yield.

2. Raise enough Mid-Autumn silkworms: Generally, the rearing amount of Mid-Autumn silkworms accounts for about 40% of the whole year. The mid-autumn silkworm period coincides with the vigorous growth of mulberry trees, and it is necessary to raise enough silkworms. 7-8 leaves must be left at the top of mulberry to maintain the tree.

3. Look at the leaves to raise late autumn silkworms: it generally accounts for about 10-20% of the annual feeding. In late autumn, the temperature is suitable, the leaves are good, and the silkworm is strong, which can achieve stable and high yield.

(3) Thoroughly disinfect and prevent diseases

Silkworms in summer and autumn are prone to diseases because of high temperature, poor leaf quality and the influence of germs left over from silkworm rearing in last season. Therefore, silkworm rearing in summer and autumn should be rotated in the silkworm room. Must be thoroughly disinfected, leaving no dead ends.

(4) picking mulberry leaves reasonably

When the summer silkworm is 1-2 years old, it first picks new leaves, then starts to sparse the bud leaves at 3 years old, and picks suitable leaves at the young stage of Mid-Autumn Festival. At 4 years old, it uses the leaves at the base of branches to pick from bottom to top. 7-8 leaves are left at the top of branches, silkworms pick leaves in late autumn, and 3-4 leaves are left at the top of branches, so that they cannot be harvested in light, so as not to damage axillary buds and affect the growth and annual output of mulberry trees in the future.

(5) Adjustment of temperature and humidity

1. High temperature drying: close the doors and windows at noon as appropriate, and open all the doors and windows at night. At the same time, hang a wet cloth in the silkworm room. At noon in the big silkworm period, you can add water to the leaves, so that the leaves will not drip and keep the silkworm bed dry.

2, high temperature and high humidity: strengthen ventilation, diligent sand removal, and sparse silkworm heads to reduce harm.

3. Low temperature drying: you can make a stove indoors, put a kettle on the stove, supplement the temperature and humidity, pay attention to picking fresh mulberry leaves and increase the number of mulberry leaves.

4. Low temperature and high humidity: When the temperature of the silkworm room rises to 0.5℃ higher than the standard temperature, open the doors and windows to remove the humidity. Sprinkle more dry materials, such as burnt chaff, straw knots, fresh lime, etc. Put it on the silkworm seat to reduce the humidity of the silkworm seat.

(6) Feeding management measures

Pay attention to "three rareness and one diligence", that is, "silkworm rack thinning, silkworm plaque thinning and silkworm head thinning" to facilitate ventilation and reduce high temperature hazards. The first time is diligent desanding, and it is operated according to the desanding standards of all ages.

Seven, picking cocoons on the cluster

(1) Tufting is the basis of improving cocoon quality.

Practice has proved that the advantages of using grid cluster are: good ventilation in the cluster, white cocoon color, high cocoon loading rate, good relaxation, large cocoon shape, uniform cocoon layer thickness, many transverse cocoons, reusable, easy to disinfect and convenient to store and collect.

Cardboard grid cluster: generally made of 12 horse manure paper, with strong hygroscopicity and good flexibility. The frame of the cluster is bonded with 2-4 layers of kraft paper, with a width of 39.3㎝, a length of 54.5㎝ and a height of 3. 1㎝. Each cluster has 12 units in the vertical direction, 13 units in the horizontal direction, and * * is 156 units, and the size of each unit is 4.5×3×3㎝. One silkworm egg needs 180-200.

(B) on the cluster technology

1, suitable for clustering: Silkworms have transparent breasts, shortened bodies, stop eating mulberries and excrete green soft stools, which is the suitable period for clustering.

2. Clustering method: Pick them one by one by hand. You need to hold them gently and put them down while holding them. Can not be overstocked, in case of damage to silkworm skin and blood cocoon. Clustering must be done in order. When one cluster is full, another cluster will be made, and attention should be paid to the clustering time, so as to pick cocoons in an orderly manner.

(3) Cluster protection

1. Temperature and humidity adjustment: firstly, raise the indoor temperature of the cluster to 24.5-250℃, then open the window for ventilation and dehumidification, and control the temperature in the cluster to 24-250℃ ... If the temperature is too high, double cocoons and dead cocoons will easily occur. If the temperature is too low, the silkworms will cocoon slowly, and the number of silkworms that do not cocoon will increase, which will affect the quality of silkworms.

2. Protection in the cluster: The light in the cluster room should be uniform to prevent wind, vibration and rodents. The next day, the cluster inspection found that silkworms should be picked up, soaked in cold water and clustered separately.

(4) selecting silkworm cocoons

1. The suitable cocoon picking period: 7 days after the spring silkworm bunches, 5-6 days for the summer silkworm and 6-7 days for the autumn silkworm. Before picking cocoons, cocoons should be sampled in clustering order, and the cocoon layer should be cut open for observation. The pupa turns yellowish brown, which is suitable for cocoon picking.

2. cocoon picking method and cocoon selection: first pick up the dead silkworms and dirty cocoons on the silkworm cluster, and then pick up the cocoons. Cocoon picking should be done while picking, and weeding scraps and silkworm excrement should be done at the same time. When collecting cocoons, care must be taken to prevent pupa bleeding and cocoon layer pollution. At the same time, according to the requirements of cocoon harvesting classification, cocoons are divided into upper cocoons, lower cocoons, double-palace cocoons, yellow-spotted cocoons, wood-sealed cocoons, deformed cocoons, thin-skinned cocoons, bloody cocoons, etc., and are classified and framed for sale.

3. Transportation and sales of fresh cocoons: The collected cocoons should be sold in time, and transported lightly on the way to prevent sun, rain and high temperature deterioration. Fresh cocoons cannot be peeled, which protects the cocoon layer and does not affect the cocoon quality. Fresh cocoons should be shipped in back cages and bamboo baskets instead of sacks or plastic woven bags. At the same time, we should not sell hairy and wet cocoons, and strive to sell more cocoons to improve cocoon quality and increase economic benefits.

Author: Agronomist of Hanyin Science and Technology Bureau. QQ: 15425805 1 1