[train of thought analysis]

In the process of reading, people either extract the famous sayings and novel materials in the book, or summarize the main points in the book, or write down their own experiences. These refined, summarized and experienced are all called reading notes.

[Problem solving process]

1. What are reading notes?

As the saying goes, "no pen and ink, no reading". Real reading should be done with heart, mouth, eyes and hands. Write down the information or feelings you got during your study. This is a reading note.

Second, the types of reading notes

1, symbolic comment

When we read, we use various symbols (such as lines, curves, brackets, triangles, question marks, etc. ) Underline important or questionable places in the book, or write comments in the blank space of the book. This kind of note is symbolic.

Symbolic notes make the key and difficult issues in the book easy to read, and prepare for outline notes, excerpts and other forms of notes.

Comment on writing can be a summary of a paragraph in the book, an experience, or a question expressed without understanding a certain problem in the book.

When taking symbol notes, please pay attention to the following points:

(1) The book you read must be your own. Don't scribble books in the library or books borrowed by others.

(2) The meaning represented by each symbol should be fixed by itself and should not be changed at will. For example, straight lines indicate important content, "……" indicates wonderful sentences or beautiful words, "indicates places that should be paid special attention to" and "?" Indicates a problem that has not yet been understood. In the future, you should use these symbols according to your own regulations.

(3) Don't make too many symbols. If the whole page is circled, crossed and all become the focus, that is to say, without the focus, the symbol loses its meaning.

(4) Be clear and tidy. Don't make the book so dirty that you can't read the original clearly.

Take Gorky's Haiyan as an example;

petrel

On the vast sea, the wind is rolling dark clouds. Between the dark clouds and the sea, Haiyan flies proudly like black lightning.

One moment the wings beat on the waves, the other moment the arrow hit the dark clouds, and they shouted-just in the brave cry of the birds, the dark clouds heard the joy.

In this cry-full of longing for the storm! In this cry, the dark clouds heard the power of anger, the flame of enthusiasm and the confidence of victory. ?

Seagulls groaned before the storm came-groaned, and they flew around the sea, trying to hide their fear of the storm into the depths of the sea.

2. extract notes (that is, what you call "partial extraction")

Taking notes is to copy down some incisive, philosophical and enlightening contents we see from books and newspapers. This method seems troublesome, but it is actually a good way to save time and effort to accumulate knowledge. Abstraction can deepen your understanding and memory, and you will realize the benefits of taking notes when you look it up later.

Pay attention to the following questions when taking notes:

(1) should be copied selectively. Copy down the most useful and enlightening contents in the text, and every copied note should be "few but precise". "Less" means fewer words, and "essence" means grasping the main points of content.

(2) Be faithful to the original text. There is a passage in the book that we think is quite good and want to copy it down. When copying, I feel that one word is awkward to use, so I use another word instead, which is not good. Since it is an excerpt, it is necessary to copy it according to the author's writing, not only the words and phrases can not be changed, but also the punctuation marks can not be changed. In a paragraph, words that don't need to be extracted before, after and in the middle can be represented by ellipsis.

(3) indicate the source. Each material should indicate which page it was copied from and who the author is. If you copied it from a newspaper or magazine, you should write down the name and date of the newspaper or magazine. Also indicate the title and author of the article. This is convenient for future use.

Step 3 edit notes

See good articles or other useful materials in the newspapers and magazines you subscribe to, cut them out in time, and cut and paste notes after finishing. This method is quick and simple to collect materials.

Clipping notes should pay attention to the following points:

(1) When making cut-and-paste notes, you should classify them according to different contents. You can prepare several notebooks to paste newspaper clippings, or you can divide a notebook into several parts and paste Chinese knowledge, historical knowledge, knowledge of nature and so on.

(2) The content of each segment should indicate the source and time. That is, from which magazine or newspaper, which year and which issue, etc.

(3) Short scrapbook notes can also be used as the content of reading cards.

4. Emotional notes (that is, "summing up memories")

After reading a good book or article, write out your feelings and experiences. This kind of reading notes is a feeling note, also called the feeling after reading.

This kind of reading notes focuses on training students' understanding and expression ability. It is also what we primary school students need when writing. How to write emotional notes, we will study it specially in grades five and six.

[message]

There are too many ways to write reading notes. Students can innovate according to their reading habits. If every good article is compared to a flower, then writing reading notes is like collecting nectar among thousands of flowers. Over time, we will find that reading notes have a multiplier effect on improving our reading and writing ability.

model essay

The following is an excerpt from a fable:

Fable is a magic bag. The bag is small, but you can take a lot of things out of it, even things much bigger than the bag.

Fable is a monster. When it comes to you, it's obviously a story, vivid and it's time to walk away. But suddenly it became philosophy and seriousness.

Fable is a key, which is made up of clever metaphors. This key can open the door of the soul, stimulate wisdom and make the mind active.

A classmate's feelings after watching Zhan Tianyou are written like this:

After reading Zhan Tianyou's article, I can't be calm for a long time.

Zhan Tianyou is a man of backbone from China. 1905, faced with the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government and the ridicule of imperialism, he resolutely accepted the task of building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. This is his patriotic performance and an example for me to learn.

In order to find a suitable route, Zhan Tianyou draws and calculates under the oil lamp at night, eats and lives with workers, and often asks local farmers for advice. He overcame all kinds of difficulties and completed the railway construction two years ahead of schedule. Think about yourself. When doing math exercises, I am often afraid of difficulties and copy my classmates' answers. How humiliating it is to compare with Zhan Tianyou! I am determined to follow Zhan Tianyou's example and win glory for my motherland when I grow up.

This short review not only expresses that Zhan Tianyou's patriotism is an example for him to learn, but also describes that he was moved by Zhan Tianyou's spirit of "not being afraid of difficulties" and "studying hard". In this way, the content of the article appears scattered and dry, and looks like a "determination book".

It can be seen that writing after reading must choose the point that you feel the deepest and experience the deepest, highlight the key points, and avoid covering everything. Of course, when writing, you should be good at association, according to the main content and spiritual essence of the original text, combined with your own thoughts and life reality.

How to take reading notes?

First, take notes in the book: that is, while reading, draw important places in the book with a pen, or make various marks (such as ~ ~, △△△△, ○ ○ ○, etc.). ), so as to find out the key points and deepen the impression. If you have questions about the material of the article, you can draw "?" In the blank. Number, or add marginal notes and eyebrows. For those long paragraphs, you can also mark the levels with Arabic numerals to make them clear, systematic and easy to review and remember.

This method of taking notes in books is limited to your own books. If you borrow other people's books, you can use bookmarks or small notes instead to attract attention when reviewing.

Second, extract: it is to copy down the main points, important contents, or wonderful chapters, paragraphs, famous sayings and epigrams in the book. When extracting, be careful not to take words out of context, change words and punctuation, and indicate the source, including the title, author, version, number of pages and date, so as to find and check them when quoting in the future. Extracted notes can be written in notes or on cards. Some students specialize in copying some gorgeous words when reading books and copying them mechanically when writing, which is not a good learning method.

Third, make a summary: this method is more complicated. First of all, we should read through the original text, understand and grasp the main points, and then summarize the basic contents. Be concise, but don't write your own opinions or feelings. When students practice writing abstracts, they can often look at the summaries in front of each book, or practice writing paragraph outlines of articles to find out the regular things.

Fourth, write feelings: after reading an article or a book, write down your feelings and experiences in your own words. When writing notes, first, we should pay attention to the reality, which can be the current social reality or the reality of our own thinking, study and work; Second, we must have true feelings, not just checking, expressing determination and making vows; Third, we should stick to the original text, highlight the key points, and don't leave the content of the article to make empty comments or cover everything regardless of priority.

As mentioned above, summary means "writing out your feelings and experiences"; Some extracts can "deepen understanding and memory",