Zeng Guofan, assistant minister of the Ministry of War who went home with Ding You, was the first Han landlord to receive the imperial edict. He is an important official in North Korea and doesn't pay much attention to Yong ying. However, under the various promises of the imperial court, Zeng Guofan realized the importance of Yong ying for his future development, so he stopped refusing and began to recruit soldiers crazily. Because the Qing government only wanted to rely on local armed forces to fight against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, there was no restriction on the soldiers who were always around, so Zeng Guofan's team became bigger and bigger and became his own private army, which was also disobedient to the will of the court, depending on Zeng Guofan's mood.
At first, the fighting capacity of this Xiang army was very low, and it was often beaten out of the water by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. However, Zeng Guofan was single-minded, not afraid of sacrifice and not afraid of doing things, and abruptly turned Xiang army from a weak brigade played by everyone into a strong brigade in Qiang Bing. For the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it was the biggest threat under the Qing government at that time.
At this time, the Qing government stood up decisively. They were afraid that Zeng Guofan would be the next Hong Xiuquan, so they tried their best to split up the items, and the two camps of Jiangnan and Jiangbei, which besieged the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, used green camp elites. However, the two camps in Jiangnan and Jiangbei still did not escape the clutches of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and were beaten to pieces. The Qing government, which lost its final control, was as anxious as a cat on hot bricks. There is no way. Zeng Guofan's Xiang army had to re-enter the stage and let it continue to expand, hoping that both Xiang army and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom would lose, so that the Qing government would benefit both fishermen and fishermen.
Unfortunately, the divination ability of the Qing government is really not good. Unexpectedly, Zeng Guofan's Xiang army could fight harder and harder, not only destroying the remaining troops of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, but also capturing Nanjing City, directly obliterating the existence of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. At this time, the Qing government panicked and occupied half of the southeast, with hundreds of thousands of troops who could win the battle. If Zeng Guofan shouted "anti-Qing and regaining sight" at this moment, the situation in the next few decades would be really bad.
However, Zeng Guofan has read four books and five classics since he was a child, and he knows the importance of being a loyal minister. Even at the peak of his life, he never thought of rebellion. The Qing government was incompetent and the people were in dire straits, which had nothing to do with Zeng Guofan. He just wanted to be a loyal minister, so he immediately expressed his intention to abolish the Xiang army to the court. The Qing government also enjoyed it, rewarded Zeng Guofan's family and began to disintegrate the Xiang army.
Although Zeng Guofan, who lost the dominance of the army, was a minister, he was relegated to the background. The dissolution of local armed forces by the Qing government was not smooth sailing. Huai army coach Li Hongzhang opposed it. Originally under Zeng Guofan, he knew the importance of military power. Zeng Guofan, who has been faithful all his life, is old. As the most prestigious Han Chinese in China, even if he lost his military power, the Qing government would not take him in. He will still be delicious, but he can't. Without the Huai army behind him, he is the meat on the chopping board of the Qing government.
As Li Hongzhang expected, relying on the powerful Huai army behind him, Li Hongzhang rose all the way and his official position became bigger and bigger. He even began to get his hands on the instructions and tasks of the highest level of the government. At this time, he can finally show his talents for revenge, and the Westernization Movement is the best place for him to play his own value. The first thing he did wholeheartedly was to establish Tianjin Beiyang Wujiang Hall, and at the same time, he trained a group of historical figures in China's political situation around the beginning of the 20th century.
By 1895, the Sino-Japanese War broke out. After the defeat, Li Hongzhang became the scapegoat of the Qing government, and the old military system became the scapegoat of Li Hongzhang. Therefore, the Qing government made a decision to cultivate the latest and most modern military armed forces, all using western equipment and tactics. In a word, the ancestors' things can't work, so we should learn from Japan's total westernization.
Foreigners are also very supportive of the idea of the Qing government. They know that the practice of dressing change in Qing dynasty is nothing more than psychologically paralyzing themselves and willing to make a sum of money. But the price foreigners want is really too high, especially for training new recruits. The Qing government was unhappy, not because it didn't want to invite them, but because it really had no money. Let's learn from the west step by step, and don't make any complete westernization, but we still need weapons and equipment. After all, it will be used in future wars. As a result, the Beiyang Third Army was established.
After the establishment of the Beiyang Third Army, the training effect is not bad. Seeing that this was a good start, the Qing government introduced a wave of new people and prepared to expand its scale. At this time, Hu Kun, the boss of the Fifth Army, quit, so tired that he had no sense of accomplishment. The Qing government didn't keep them because they already had new suitable candidates.
That is, Yuan Shikai, who has been sitting in North Korea for more than ten years, is loyal to the Manchu Dynasty, with strong fighting capacity and flexible mind. Apart from other conveniences, Yuan Shikai is as stable as a dead dog. Li, a celebrity around Empress Dowager Cixi, and Rong Lu, a minister, are his parents. Most importantly, just before the Sino-Japanese War broke out, Yuan Shikai, who had spent more than ten years in Korea, miraculously returned to China. After the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Yuan Shikai was held accountable from top to bottom.
Yuan Shikai, 37, accepted Ding Wujun in full view. He began to brainwash the new army crazily, and at the same time replaced all the officers up and down with his own confidant backbone. Soon after, the new army became a die-hard fan of Yuan Shikai and was willing to work hard for it.
At this time, Emperor Guangxu began political reform and political reform. Yuan Shikai didn't offend anyone at both ends. He not only keeps good relations with conservative Rong Lu, but also helps reformers as much as possible. However, in the growing political struggle between Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi, Yuan Shikai fooled Emperor Guangxu three times and exposed Tan Sitong and others, which directly caused the failure of the Reform Movement and the sacrifice of six gentlemen.
After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Yuan Shikai, the boss of the new army, made the biggest profit. He not only won the trust of Cixi, but also became Rong Lu's assistant. The new army expanded and controlled more troops. Most importantly, foreigners began to pay attention to Yuan Shikai, thinking that he was the most promising military general of the Qing government. Yuan Shikai also applied his foresight to the extreme, and used his internal and external relations to build the Beiyang New Army into the only combat force equipped with a full set of western standards.
Just as Yuan Shikai was about to continue to climb, the Boxer came. The Boxer Rebellion broke out in Shandong, running around under the slogan of helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries, and foreigners were angry. When foreigners became angry, the Qing government sent Yuan Shikai to Shandong to wipe out the Boxer Rebellion, regardless of his teammates. After Yuan Shikai came to power, he lived up to expectations, regardless of good or bad, and killed him if caught, which made the whole Shandong people panic, but at least controlled the development trend of the Boxer Movement.
What the Qing government didn't expect was that the Boxer Rebellion developed from Shandong to Beijing and Tianjin, and it was colorful. The foreigners retreated again, and Eight-Nation Alliance marched into Beijing. When Cixi saw the foreigners coming, she quickly asked Yuan Shikai to come to the rescue. Yuan Shikai is not a fool. Zhang Zhidong and others in the south made a mutual insurance in the southeast, and Li Hongzhang turned a deaf ear to things outside the window. In Shandong, he doesn't want to mix. Once again, I sent a lot of travelling expenses to the escaped Cixi Lafayette, but I didn't send anyone to help. As a result, Yuan Shikai, who seems to be playing a game, didn't offend either side. Finally, Cixi thanked him for sending money, and foreigners thanked him for not playing, which won a full house applause.
A year later, Li Hongzhang ended his hard life. He left two legacies, the Governor of Zhili and the Minister of Beiyang. In the Qing government at that time, Yuan Shikai, who had absolute military superiority, became Li Hongzhang's successor. He also promoted Duan and Feng from Tianjin Beiyang Wujiang Club founded by Li Hongzhang, and began to control the national power.
After the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, the top officials of the Qing government finally realized that it was not the Japanese who couldn't do it, but the feudal system that limited our upward development. In order to crack down on the revolutionary party and maintain the stability of Manchu rule, the Qing government planned to learn from Japan and set off a wave of constitutional monarchy. At this time, Yuan Shikai withdrew. He had betrayed Emperor Guangxu many times before. If Emperor Guangxu comes to power again, he will be the first unlucky one, so he will make all kinds of stumbling blocks. However, the ministers of the Qing Dynasty didn't think so. They were afraid of Yuan Shikai's excessive power, but they strongly supported constitutional monarchy. Under the anxiety of both sides, Cixi actually hung up and took away Emperor Guangxu. The heir Puyi was still a child at that time, so the power of the Manchu dynasty fell into the hands of Zai Feng. The more Zai Feng looked at Yuan Shikai, the more he looked like a bad guy. He tried his best to drive Yuan Shikai out of the court.
Although Yuan Shikai left the peak of power, his thoughts did not leave the Beiyang New Army. The brainwashing movement for so many years has already penetrated into the bone marrow. As long as Yuan Shikai raises his arms, the Beiyang New Army will still be used by him. However, the court did not think so. The last senior officials of the Manchu Dynasty were extremely naive and simple in front of Yuan Shikai. They stubbornly believe that the gun is in hand and the world has me, but they ignore the people with guns, whether Yuan Shikai or the revolutionary party, to instill ideas.
Therefore, when Zai Feng and others happily continued to carry out constitutional monarchy, Wuchang Uprising broke out. The Manchu government never imagined that such a small battle of Wuchang Uprising would be so big that it directly destroyed the ancestors' industry. The revolutionaries didn't expect the Wuchang Uprising to be successful and didn't pay much attention to it at all, so the fruit of this victory fell on Li. The reason for choosing him is simple, prestigious, kind and amiable.
The imperial court intended to send troops to wipe out the Wuchang Uprising Revolutionary Party, but suddenly found that the Beiyang New Army could not move at all. Under the pressure of foreigners, Zai Feng had no choice but to have the cheek to invite Yuan Shikai back. Yuan Shikai said, haha, if you want to give money, I won't leave until I give more. Zai Feng tearfully sent a wave of military expenses to Beiyang New Army, and Yuan Shikai inspected Hankou. Although the revolutionaries at that time were full of blood, it was really impossible to fight.
At this time, Yuan Shikai was surprised to find that he was almost exactly the same as Zeng Guofan many years ago, and he had more advantages than him. That is to say, the troops that the Qing government can best fight are in his own hands, and the revolutionaries in the south can't beat him at all. He began to make suggestions and advance slowly, then returned to Beijing, took over the defense of the capital, fully grasped the bright door of the Qing Dynasty, contacted the revolutionaries, and began the North-South peace talks.
Shortly after the start of the North-South peace talks, Sun Yat-sen returned to China. As soon as he returned home, the interim president fell on him. Yuan Shikai said that he could not understand. When he made peace, he didn't say that he would make me president. How can he change his mind? So he tore up the agreement and began to attack the revolutionary party. After all, he was really defeated. There is really no way. Sun Yat-sen said that as long as the Qing emperor abdicated, you Yuan Shikai would be president.
Yuan Shikai quickly called the princes and ministers of the Qing Dynasty, and publicly announced that China * * * and, where are you going to play with mud? No one can jump out and object, and whoever objects will be killed.
19 12 February 12, under the oppression of Yuan Shikai, the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China for 276 years, vanished.
What are the basic courses of economics?
It is impossible for an economic discipline not to understand mathematics, so calculus, linear algebra, probability theor