Other names _ Rao, _ _, Acanthopanax senticosus, fine grass, small chicken leg, small corns, small grass roots.
Bitter, pungent and slightly warm in nature. Heart, kidney and lung meridians.
Function: soothe the nerves, improve intelligence, eliminate phlegm and reduce swelling. It can be used for insomnia, dreaminess, amnesia, palpitation, delirium, unpleasant expectoration, sore, toxic swelling and pain, and breast pain caused by heart-kidney disharmony.
App application
1. Insomnia, dreaminess, palpitation and forgetfulness. This taste is bitter, bitter and warm, good at catharsis and understanding. It can not only be happy and soothe the nerves, but also dredge kidney qi and strengthen the heart and soothe the nerves. It is a good product for communicating the heart and kidney, calming the heart and calming the nerves, improving intelligence and strengthening knowledge. Indications: restlessness, insomnia, fright, etc. Due to the disharmony between heart and kidney. It is often used with tranquilizing drugs such as Poria, Longya and Cinnabar, such as Pill (Zhang Yitong). For amnesia, it is often combined with Ginseng, Poria and Acorus calamus, such as Kaixin Powder (Qianjinfang). If poria cocos is added to the prescription, it will not be forgotten (standard of syndrome differentiation and treatment).
2. epilepsy. This taste is pungent and beneficial, which can benefit the mind, eliminate phlegm and produce fluid, so it can be used to treat epilepsy, convulsion and madness caused by phlegm blocking the mind. For patients with epilepsy, coma and convulsion, it can be used together with phlegm-resolving and wind-calming drugs such as Banxia, Gastrodia elata and Scorpio. It is often used with drugs such as Acorus calamus, Radix Curcumae, Alum to dispel phlegm and induce resuscitation to treat convulsion and madness.
3. Cough with excessive phlegm. This taste is bitter, warm and dry, and enters the lung meridian, so it can resolve phlegm and relieve cough. Therefore, it can be used to treat people with thick phlegm, cough discomfort or excessive cough caused by exogenous wind and cold. Often used with almond, Fritillaria, Trichosanthes root and Platycodon grandiflorum.
4. carbuncle, sore, swelling and pain in the breast, and laryngitis. This product is good at relieving bitterness, clearing qi and stagnating blood, eliminating carbuncle and swelling. It is effective for carbuncle, sore and breast swelling and pain, and can be taken orally or externally. It can be used as the final product of yellow rice wine. For external use, it can be steamed soft, mashed with a little yellow wine and applied to the affected area. The taste of Polygalae is pungent in the lungs, and it can spread the lung and benefit the throat. For example, "Ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang" said that "the meat of Polygalae is the end, blowing it, spitting it."
Usage and dosage: decocted, 3-9g.
Precautions: Use with caution in patients with gastritis and gastric ulcer.
Variety textual research
Yuan Zhi first published Shennong Herbal Classic, which was listed as the top grade. "Famous Doctors Don't Record" says: Yuan Zhi "was born in Mount Tai, but wronged in Sichuan and Valley." "Notes on Materia Medica" said: "The grass is as green as ephedra. "Kaibao Materia Medica" said: "Polygala, the stems and leaves are as small as a big blue. "Jia _ Ben Cao quoted Er Ya Guo Pu as saying:" (polygala tenuifolia) is like ephedra with red flowers and yellow leaves, which is called grass. "The Illustrated Materia Medica says:" There are also counties in today's rivers, Shaanxi and Jingxi. The root is yellow and looks like a polar root, and the seedling is called grass. Like ephedra and green, like leather beans. There are also leaves as small as a big blue. Flowers bloom in March, white, very long, one foot long. In April, those who came out from Yesizhou were rewarded with bonuses, and the roots and leaves were bigger than those in other places; Shangzhou people have black roots. The popular tradition of Yimen is the best. "Compendium of Materia Medica says:" There are two kinds of polygala tenuifolia: big leaves and small leaves. Tao Hongjing said Xiao Ye was right, Ma Su said great cause was right, and great cause was addition. "The five polygraphs attached to Materia Medica are Yuan Zhi in Yizhou, Yuan Zhi in Xiezhou, Yuan Zhi in Wei Shengjun, Yuan Zhi in qi zhou and Yuan Zhi in Shangzhou. According to the origin, morphological description and attached drawings, there are several sources of ancient medicinal polygala tenuifolia. Its mainstream products are polygala microphylla and polygala macrophylla.
Original factory
Herbs perennial, 20-40 cm tall. The root is cylindrical, 40 cm long, thick, yellow and white, with a few lateral roots. Stems erect or oblique, clustered, with many branches in the upper part. Leaves alternate, narrowly linear or linear-lanceolate, length 1-4 cm, width 1-3 mm, apex and bottom tapering, entire, sessile or subsessile. Racemes are about 2- 14 cm long, lateral to the top of branchlets, slender, usually slightly curved; Flowers are light blue and purple, 6 mm long; Pedicel slender, 3-6 mm long; Bracts 3, minute, easy to fall off; Sepals have three smaller outer wheels, linear-lanceolate, about 2 mm long, and two inner wheels are petal-shaped, slightly curved oblong obovate, 5-6 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. Two petals are obovate, about 4 mm long, the central petal is large and keel-shaped, and there are torn cockscomb appendages at the top of the back; Stamens 8, filaments connected into a sheath; Ovary obovate, flat, style linear, pendulous, stigma dichotomous. Capsule is flat, oval, with narrow wings at the edge, about 4-5 mm in length and width, green, smooth and eyeless. The seeds are ovoid, slightly flat, about 2 mm long, brown-black, densely covered with white fluff, and have developed caruncle at the top. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
Origin: both the north and south slopes of Qinling Mountains are produced, and it is born on hillside grassland or roadside at an altitude of 400- 1000 meters.
Various exhibitions
1. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica: Treating cough and adverse injury, tonifying deficiency and eliminating evil, benefiting nine tricks, benefiting wisdom, being smart in eyes and ears, not forgetting, being strong-willed and multiplying strength.
2. Notes on Materia Medica: Killing Tianxiong and Fuzi Poison.
3. "Records of Famous Doctors": calming the heart and stopping convulsions, benefiting vital energy, removing diaphragmatic qi, skin heat and yellow face.
4. Theory of medicinal properties: treating forgetfulness, strengthening aphrodisiac and controlling evil dreams.
5. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": the main diaphragmatic shock, muscle length, muscle and bone help, women's blood loss, child embarrassment.
6. Wang: Treating kidney accumulation and running dolphins.
7. Compendium of Materia Medica: Treating carbuncle.
8. "southern Yunnan materia medica": nourishing and hard work, calming the nerves, calming the heart and resolving phlegm. Pentagonal bow, convulsion, vomiting, trembling hands and feet, unconsciousness, decreased stool, treatment of red and white turbidity, dripping cream and slippery essence.
9. "Materia Medica Rejuvenation": invigorating qi and dispersing depression, and being good at resolving phlegm.
10. Compendium of Materia Medica: polygala tenuifolia, a drug that enters the kidney meridian of foot, but not the heart meridian. His works are devoted to strengthening the will and benefiting the essence, and treating good forgetfulness. The essence and ambition are hidden in the kidney meridian. Insufficient kidney meridian, decreased ambition, and impassability of heart meridian make people confused and forgetful. "Lingshu Jing" says: kidney stores essence, essence and aspiration. Kidney anger hurts the will. If ambition hurts, you must forget its order. Don't bend and stretch your waist and spine, your hair will be very tired. Another cloud, people are forgetful, lack of upper qi, lack of lower qi, lack of stomach and lungs, lack of health care, long time, out of fashion, so they are forgetful. Chen Yan's Sanyin Prescription treats carbuncle with Yuan Zhi wine, which shows that the cloud has extraordinary power, and the cover also has the function of tonifying kidney.
1 1. Compendium of Materia Medica: Shen Ze said: Polygalae can strengthen the heart with ginseng, poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala; Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae can strengthen the spleen; Radix Rehmanniae, Fructus Lycii and Rhizoma Dioscoreae can tonify kidney; Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong can tonify the liver; Ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus and Adenophora adenophora can tonify the lung; Use cinnabar, gold foil, amber and rhinoceros horn to calm down; Combined with Pinellia ternata, Arisaema cum bile, Fritillaria and Semen Sinapis Albae, it can resolve phlegm. Soap the same tooth, Uncaria rhynchophylla and Tianzhu Huang Can to treat acute shock; Danggui Huang Liu decoction can stop night sweats due to yin deficiency; Tonghuangqi Sijunzi Decoction can stop spontaneous sweating due to yang deficiency. Lamiophlomis rotata decoction ointment can treat heart qi under diaphragm and heart qi discomfort. Wine-making alone can cure carbuncle, swollen poison and old sores. Those who gain from the seven emotions gradually heal.
12. Materia Medica Zheng Zheng: Long-term ambition, concentrate on tonifying the kidney, so it can soothe the nerves, stop spasms, ward off evil spirits, interpret dreams, strengthen yang and replenish essence, and help the will. Because of its ascending qi, it is combined with ginseng, licorice and jujube kernel, which can lift essence and turn fire and water.
13. "drug meaning": polygala tenuifolia, spicy and powerful, enlightened by the heart, and dispersed drugs. You will feel better if phlegm drowns and chokes your heart, causing it to be really hot, stupefied, clumsy in speaking, restless in sleep, trance, forgetfulness, nightmares, anxiety for your children, and temporarily clearing phlegm to help your heart open. It is also used to treat spleen deficiency and fire depression with Guipi decoction. And lack of spirit, even if there is deficiency phlegm, we must be measured. If the heart and blood are insufficient, so that the spirit is qi-deficient and timid, and there is no phlegm to be removed, that is, the hero belongs to pungent taste, so it should be avoided, even if it is so pungent. Materia Medica advocates that Xin can moisten kidney and use it to fill essence and strengthen ambition. I don't know if it is pungent or violent, similar to Nanxing and Pinellia. "Jing" says: the kidney is evil and dry, and enters the kidney.
14. A record of Xi's enthusiasm for participating in medicine: in Polygalae, its acidity can also be restrained, and its acrimony can also be restrained. Therefore, its nature is good at regulating the lungs, which can make the lungs completely natural, the breathing in the lungs is regulated, and the phlegm becomes phlegm, that is, cough stops. Licorice, if used as a supplement, is a medicine for nourishing the lungs. With its astringent function, liver fire can be restrained when entering the liver, astringent and slippery when entering the kidney, and sour juice can be produced when entering the stomach, making people eat more, which is not suitable for peaceful and pure products. If water is used to decoct into thick juice, the residue is removed and then decocted to make the juice thick and thin, which is very effective for treating swelling, pain, sores and breast carbuncle. If you are afraid that it will ferment for a long time, two dollars of Gabonese sand will be dissolved in it. For the first time, the fool chewed Polygalae carefully and tasted it, only to find that it was sour and solid, and it smelled of alum. Later, because of using this medicine, if you don't get two yuan in the end, you can vomit, but you know it does smell of alum. Therefore, when you foolishly use this medicine to decoct soup, you have never tasted two yuan, and you may vomit if you use too much.
15. "Materia Medica Justice": Long-term ambition, bitter taste into the heart, warming the middle and promoting blood circulation, cool and fragrant, and can promote qi. Those who specialize in treating the heart meridian, the heart is the confluence of blood, and the heart is warm and beneficial, which should invigorate the heart yang and benefit people's wisdom. Ancient and modern indications have the effect of tonifying the heart and yang. However, Li's claim to be expert in nephrology is a correction, while Zhang Shiwan's Harmony is not a comment. This meridian is mainly used to treat cough, so it relieves depression and bitterness, warms the heart, clears away heat and disperses, and relieves cough caused by four Han yin. This vision also has the function of eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. Don't record the removal of qi under the heart, that's what it means. "Waitai" contains a "record of ancient and modern experiences", which contains far-reaching vision, quite in line with this purpose. It is best to warm and promote blood circulation in the treatment of carbuncle in Sanyinfang. It's a pity that I don't know what to choose now, and I failed to live up to the prescription. Yi Heng is used for cold coagulation and qi stagnation, phlegm-dampness entering collaterals, carbuncle swelling, etc. And the effect is the fastest. However, the situation of blood heat and damp heat does not need a case, and there is no need to throw it around. Hyperopia is beneficial to the operation of blood, but those who think that the heart is a tonic have smooth vibration, and the heart is full of yang without stagnation. This is the real purpose of nourishing the heart. However, the drugs for warming the body must not be suitable for excess heat. If it is misused for the syndrome of heat phlegm blinding pericardium, it will not benefit Zhang Qiyan. The so-called soul-calming and shock-calming person, also known as the heart-nourishing and yang-invigorating person, is full of spirit, dreams from tranquility, and is as good as the person who does not cultivate himself and shock himself. If you are afraid of heat and are disturbed by fire, the disadvantages are equal to phlegm heat. There is also a saying that polygala tenuifolia can communicate with the heart and kidney, so that the heart-yang deficiency is weak, the clear qi sinks, and the kidney is qi-deficient and cold, so that it cannot rise, and the temperature of polygala tenuifolia rises, causing kidney yang. This is the symptomatic treatment. However, if people don't observe, every time they encounter symptoms such as kidney yang not hiding and nocturnal emission in spring dreams, they say that this is an inseparable barrier and must be led by polygala tenuifolia, so that when it meets fire and water, the fire will float and the kidney will not take it, which is beneficial to those who have nine orifices and are beneficial to those who have essence and qi to induce spermatorrhea.
Pharmacopoeia standard
Source: This product is the dried root of polygala tenuifolia. Or Polygala of Polygalaceae. Excavate in spring and autumn, remove fibrous roots and sediment, and dry in the sun.
prepare
Polygala tenuifolia: remove impurities, slightly wash, fully moisten, cut into sections and dry.
Preparation of Radix Polygalae: decocting Radix Glycyrrhizae with appropriate amount of water, removing residues, adding Radix Polygalae, decocting with slow fire until the decoction is completely absorbed, and taking out to dry. Every 100kg of polygala tenuifolia, 6kg of licorice is used.
Honey polygala tenuifolia: add refined honey and a little boiled water to the prepared polygala tenuifolia, mix well to make it slightly stuffy, fry in a pot until it doesn't stick to your hands, take it out and let it cool (add 20 kg of refined honey per 100 kg).
Characteristics this product is cylindrical, slightly curved, 3 ~ 15 cm long and 0.3 ~ 0.8 cm in diameter. The surface is grayish yellow to grayish brown, with dense and deep transverse wrinkles, longitudinal wrinkles and cracks. The lateral wrinkles of the old roots are dense and deep, slightly nodular. Hard and brittle, easily broken, with brown section skin and yellow-white wood, and the skin is easy to peel off from the wood. Breathe slightly, taste bitter, slightly spicy, and have a stabbing pain in the throat when chewing.
distinguish
(1) Cross section of this product: 10 multiple rows of cork cells. The cortex is more than 20 rows of parenchyma cells with tangential cracks. The phloem is wide and often has radial cracks. Form a layer, form a ring. The xylem is developed and homogenized, and the ray width is 1 ~ 3 rows of cells. Most parenchyma cells contain fat oil droplets; Some contain calcium oxalate cluster crystals and square crystals.
(2) Take this product powder 1g, add 20ml of hydrochloric acid absolute ethanol solution (10 →100), heat and reflux for 30 minutes, let it cool, filter, add 30ml of water to the filtrate, shake with chloroform, extract twice, 20 ml each time, combine chloroform solutions, evaporate and dry. In addition, 65438 0 g of Polygala tenuifolia was taken as the control medicinal material, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb 2μl of each of the above two solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, develop with toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (14:4:0.5) as the developing agent, take them out, air dry them, spray them with 10% sulfuric acid-ethanol solution, and spray them on/. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the main spots with the same color are displayed at the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials.
Bitter, pungent and warm in nature. Heart, kidney and lung meridians.
Function: soothe the nerves, improve intelligence, eliminate phlegm and reduce swelling. It can be used for insomnia, dreaminess, amnesia, palpitation, delirium, unpleasant expectoration, sore, toxic swelling and pain, and breast pain caused by heart-kidney disharmony.
Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 9g.
Store in a ventilated and dry place.
Polygalae fluid extract
Planting technique
(1) growth characteristics
Like cool climate, drought tolerance, avoid high temperature, mostly wild in dry fields, roadsides, hillsides and other places. It is best to plant on sunny sandy soil with good drainage, followed by clay loam and calcareous loam, and clay and low humidity areas are not suitable for planting.
(2) Cultivation techniques
1. Land selection and preparation
Choose high and dry terrain. Good drainage, general land can be planted. Before soil preparation, the base fertilizer should be removed. Because polygala tenuifolia is a perennial herb, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. Usually, 37,500 kilograms of ring fertilizer or compost and 750 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are used per hectare. In the north, flat drilling is mainly used.
2. Breeding method
Seed propagation, direct seeding or seedling transplanting can be adopted. Because the capsule cracks when the polygala tenuifolia is ripe, the seeds are easily scattered on the ground, so the seeds should be harvested in July and August when the fruit is ripe.
(1) live broadcast
Spring sowing is in the middle and late April, and autumn sowing is in the middle and late June of 1 10 or the beginning of 10. On the flat land, evenly spread the seeds into the ditch, cover the soil with 1 ~ 2cm, and sow in the shallow ditch with the row spacing of 20 ~ 23cm, and the sowing amount per hectare is11.25 ~15 kg. After sowing, it was slightly suppressed, watered enough, and seedlings began to emerge about half a month after sowing. Autumn sowing appeared in the spring of the following year.
(2) Raising seedlings
In early and middle March, drill sowing was carried out on the seedbed, and after sowing, the soil was covered1cm; In order to keep the seedbed moist, the seedbed temperature should be 65438 05 ~ 20℃. After sowing, the seedlings will emerge in about 10 day, and the seedlings can be sown with a height of about 6 cm. Planting should be carried out in rainy days or in the afternoon, and the row spacing should be 20 ~ 23 cm× 3 ~ 6 cm.
3. Tian Tuan management
The plants of polygala tenuifolia are short, so it is necessary to weed frequently during the growing period to prevent weeds from covering up the plants. Because people like to be dry, it is not advisable to water them often in the late growth stage except for proper watering during seed germination and seedling stage. Top dressing once a year in spring, winter and April-May to increase the yield of root tuber. Phosphate fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and 300 ~ 375 kilograms of cake fertilizer or calcium superphosphate 187.5 ~ 262.5 kilograms can be applied per hectare. Spraying potassium fertilizer is the peak season for the growth of polygala tenuifolia from mid-June to early July every year. At this time, 750-900 kg 1% potassium sulfate solution or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1200- 1500 kg/ha was sprayed every 10 day for three times in a row. When dew is wet at 5 o'clock in the morning or evening, the disease resistance is enhanced and the root system is enlarged.
One-year-old seedlings after weeding or seedlings growing for 2-3 years shall be covered with 12000- 15000 kg of wheat straw, wheat bran and sawdust per hectare after topdressing and watering, and covered in rows without turning the ground in the middle until harvest. Mulching with grass can strengthen the decomposition of vitamins in soil, keep water, reduce weeds and create good conditions for the growth of polygala tenuifolia.
4. Pest control
Root rot: make the root rot of polygala tenuifolia and the plant wither.
Prevention and control methods: strengthen field management, pull out diseased plants as soon as possible, burn them, and disinfect the diseased spots with 10% lime water. Spray 50% carbendazim 1000 times, 7 days 1 time, 2-3 times in a row.
Spraying aphids with 40% dimethoate for 2000 times, 10 times a day, 2 ~ 3 times in a row. Dou yuanqing killed the enemy with the power of -6 of 5* 1O to the power of -5 of 1 * 1O, and sprayed it twice every 5 ~ 7 days.
(5) harvesting and processing
In the third and fourth years after planting, after returning to seedlings in autumn or before emergence in spring, dig roots, remove dirt and impurities, beat with a wooden stick while the water is still wet, take out the wood core and dry it in the sun. Polygala tenuifolia without wood heart is called polygala tenuifolia meat. If it is directly dried after harvesting, it is called polygala tenuifolia stick. The biennial yield per hectare is 1500 ~ 2250 kg, and the biennial yield per hectare is 3750 ~ 4500 kg.