For thousands of years, people all over the world, especially in Southeast Asia, have highly recognized the role of natto, and many consumers, especially Japanese, are keen on this delicious health food. However, health products and biological agents made of natto are widely accepted by people. Of course, the medicinal degree of this food is by no means as magical as some commercial propaganda. Moreover, its health care function does not need other modern means. Experts emphasize that what is brewed by traditional folk families is final and must be passed down accurately.
Family practice of natto
The natto food sold in the market has lost most of its efficacy because of its long shelf life or high price, so the most effective way at present is to imitate Japan and make it at home, which can not only meet the needs of ordinary people, but also achieve the freshness of fresh natto and give full play to its best efficacy. To find the strain, click the natto strain.
● Use appliances and materials.
① 500 grams of soybeans
② Bacillus natto 5g
③ pressure cooker
④ Stainless steel basin
⑤ foam lunch boxes shallow container.
⑥ Foam box
⑦ 2 vertical rectangular plastic bottles or warm water bags.
8 thermometer
Steamed beans with soaked beans
Wash the soybeans thoroughly, soak them in 3 times of water overnight, then pour off the water and steam them in a pressure cooker until the soybeans can be crushed by hand for about 45 minutes. If there is no pressure cooker, don't put too much water at a time when boiling. In order to keep the original flavor of soybeans, it is best to steam them.
Inoculate Bacillus natto
Dissolve Bacillus natto in 50 ml of hot water (the temperature is preferably 38-45℃, which will kill Bacillus natto if the temperature is too high), evenly add it into hot soybean, quickly stir it evenly, and put it into 7 foam lunch boxes with a thickness of about 2 cm. Cover with gauze or put a pair of chopsticks between the lunch box and the lid of the lunch box to make it fully contact with the air. Because Bacillus natto is aerobic, it is very important to contact the air. However, after fermentation, the lid should be covered and the mouth should be sealed with adhesive tape to avoid contact with air, which is conducive to long-term preservation.
Fermentation at constant temperature 14-36 hours.
Put several rectangular plastic bottles filled with hot water at 50℃ into a clean foam box, and put foam lunch boxes inoculated with Bacillus natto on the bottles. The ideal temperature in the box is 42℃. If the temperature in the box drops to 38℃, replace the bottle with 50℃ hot water. Repeatedly changing the hot water in the bottle, and fermenting for 14-36 hours, white film was produced on the surface of soybean, and soybean became natto after silk sticking. If there is no foam box, you can also use a large cardboard box, wrapped with a quilt and an electric mattress, or insert a 45℃ light bulb in the box to keep the temperature inside the box constant. Pay attention to more exposure to air.
Post-ripening (low temperature dormancy of living bacteria)
Ferment at a constant temperature of 38-42℃ 14-36 hours, and then cook at a low temperature in the refrigerator for several hours, and the prepared natto will have better appearance and taste. Therefore, it is suggested that natto should be cooked in the refrigerator for several hours before eating or long-term storage.
Production key
① Maintain a constant temperature of 38-42℃.
(2) Bacillus natto should be inoculated in hot soybean (the appropriate temperature is 38-45℃, too high temperature will kill Bacillus natto).
Natto preservation
Bacillus natto strain is particularly stable in spore state, and can be stored for a long time as long as it is stored in a cool and dry place. But after opening, it must be kept in the refrigerator at low temperature.
Matters needing attention in natto
When cardiovascular patients take neocoumarin, vitamin K2 in natto will make neocoumarin lose its efficacy, so don't eat natto.
Pay attention to natto
1, the best effect is to eat natto for dinner: through experiments, experts believe that nattokinase plays a role in dissolving thrombus between 1 hour and 12 hour. According to statistics, the onset time of various thrombi such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction is mostly in the early morning and Monday. Therefore, it is best to have dinner every night or Sunday.
2. Try not to heat it as much as possible: Nattokinase is not heat-resistant, and its activity disappears when heated to 70℃. So it is best to eat raw.
3, must insist on eating every day: after nattokinase enters the body, its activity remains 12 hours. Therefore, it is ideal to try to eat 30- 100g every day.
4. Natto can be eaten even if the shelf life is slightly over: the shelf life of natto is one week. Nattokinase and vitamin K2 also increased during low-temperature storage in the refrigerator. However, although it can still be eaten after the shelf life, it is just that Bacillus natto continuously decomposes protein for survival, and the odor gradually increases.
Large-scale production of natto
If natto is produced in factory, appropriate automatic cleaning, soaking, cooking, constant temperature fermentation and low temperature drying equipment should be selected according to the output.
Natto, the scientific name is Bacillus subtilis. The traditional practice in Japan is to put cooked soybeans in a straw container made of Bacillus natto while they are hot, and naturally ferment them with Bacillus natto attached to the straw. The natto made by this method contains other miscellaneous bacteria besides Bacillus natto, which is not only unsanitary, but also of poor quality.
4 health care function editor
thrombolytic
1980 One day, Professor Nishimoto Hiroshi of Japan, who was engaged in thrombus research at Robbins Institute in Chicago, USA, compared more than 230 kinds of foods and found that only natto foods contained high concentration of thrombolytic components. He put the thrombolytic drugs that patients with cerebral thrombosis often take on quantitative artificial thrombus, which can be completely dissolved in one night, while it takes only three hours to replace a natto food in the same way.
Nattokinase can directly decompose thrombus, and the thrombolytic effect of wet natto per gram is equivalent to urokinase 1600IU. The action time of nattokinase on thrombus is as long as 8- 12 hours, while that of urokinase is only 30 minutes. Urokinase can only be injected, and nattokinase can be injected or taken orally, which plays a role in capillaries. Natto has been eaten in Japan for 1000 years, and it is a safe edible thrombus preventive agent.
Besides direct thrombolysis, nattokinase can also stimulate vascular endothelial cells to produce endogenous t-PA, activate urokinase in vivo, and degrade plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI? 1) regulates fibrinolysis to realize its own physiological thrombolysis.
Regulating blood lipid
Blood pressure and prevention of atherosclerosis
Animal experiments show that natto food can inhibit LDL oxidation in blood, effectively reduce the concentration of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and then reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis.
Reducing blood fat and arteriosclerosis can achieve the purpose of regulating blood pressure. At the same time, inhibiting and reducing the synthesis of angiotensin ⅱ, reducing the peripheral resistance of blood vessels can also regulate blood pressure. For mice with hereditary hypertension, the blood pressure of the control group (soybean) gradually increased to 33.3Pa(250mmHg), while the blood pressure of mice with natto remained normal, which was 65438 08.7 kPa (65438 040 mmHg). This is because natto food contains angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which will prevent angiotensin from becoming active.
regulate the blood sugar
Bacillus natto can persist in the intestine for about 1 week, which can promote the proliferation of other beneficial bacteria. Intestinal bacteria weigh about 1 kg. Of course, it needs bait. The nutrients absorbed by the human body become bait for intestinal bacteria and are swallowed up. In addition, nattokinase can burn fat, so it can lose weight. There is also a sticky substance of natto, which plays the role of leaching and wrapping. Therefore, natto is slow and effective in losing weight and will not rebound. However, it is intuitive that the postprandial blood sugar value shows an obvious downward trend. One is that Bacillus natto devours glucose and mucus, and the other is that elastase (or trypsin E) in natto inhibits the increase of blood sugar. It acts on this enzyme contained in pig pancreas, and elastase from pig pancreas has been used as a therapeutic drug for hyperglycemia.
Regulate the stomach
Runchang tongbian paidu beauty
Bacillus natto was not affected by the strong acid in gastric juice and quickly colonized in the intestine. Pyridine dicarboxylic acid produced by Bacillus natto can effectively kill and inhibit harmful bacteria and viruses in the intestine. Make the intestinal flora achieve a healthy dynamic balance, quickly solve the problems of constipation, enteritis, diarrhea and so on, and give you a healthy intestine. Therefore, the laxative effect of Bacillus natto is immediate. We all know that 50% to 80% of feces are intestinal bacteria and his body. When intestinal bacteria are active, the stool will be unobstructed. This is the reason for defecation. Stool once a day can clear the stool and eliminate toxins. In addition, nattokinase can dissolve thrombus and fat in capillaries, thus ensuring rosy complexion.
Lose weight slowly
No rebound
Mucin in natto is composed of glutamic acid polypeptide, which has a special structure and cannot be absorbed in human intestine. Its water absorption rate is higher than that of dietary fiber, and it expands with dietary fiber, reducing the absorption of fat by human body. In addition, vitamin K2 in natto supports fat burning in the body, prevents fat from accumulating in the body, and realizes a new concept of healthy weight loss. Natto is refined by making full use of the characteristics of mucin "rejecting fat" and the effect of vitamin K2 "burning fat", and with the factors of removing blood stasis and slimming, it has a good weight loss effect and is really healthy and green.
Prevention of osteoporosis
The mechanism of Natto supplementing calcium is that bones are composed of vitamin K2 and high-quality protein, which first forms bone protein, then forms bones with calcium, accumulates bones and increases bone density. Natto contains soybean isoflavone and vitamin K2. Soybean isoflavones can prevent the dissolution of calcium in bones, while vitamin K2 can fix calcium in bones. In other words, the combination of soybean isoflavone and vitamin K2 can strengthen bones together.
Improve female menopause
symptomes complice
Soybean isoflavone is one of the main phytoestrogens, which has a weak estrogen-like effect. 30 mg isoflavone in natto is equivalent to 100 mg isoflavone in soybean. The menopausal symptoms and postmenopausal osteoporosis in women are mainly caused by the decrease of estrogen level in the body. Daidzein can supplement the deficiency of estrogen in the body, not only can obviously improve menopausal symptoms, but also can prevent and treat female osteoporosis. Considering the detoxification, beauty and weight loss of natto, natto is a very important health food for women.
Prevention of floaters
Bacillus natto can not only purify blood, dissolve thrombus blocked in eyeball microvasculature, but also reduce the accumulation of cholesterol on blood vessel wall. In addition, it is also beneficial to prevent cataracts.
Reduce/neutralize the influence of alcoholic beverages
Protect the liver
After nattokinase enters the human body, it constructs an alcohol protection barrier through three channels: it enters the human liver system, decomposes the pressure on the liver to relieve alcoholism and helps to relieve alcoholism; Enter the human digestive system, quickly form a protective barrier, accelerate acid secretion in the digestive tract, and promote hangover; Enter the human vascular system, form a key protective barrier in the cerebral vascular area, and resist the inhibitory effect of alcohol on the brain. Taking natto can quickly solve the adverse reactions after drinking and prevent drunkenness the next day. In addition, various active substances in natto activate hepatocytes, promote hepatocyte regeneration, improve liver function, protect liver, and effectively prevent and improve fatty liver. Therefore, there is a popular Japanese proverb: "Eat more natto when drinking, to prevent you from being drunk for two days".
antibiosis
Antioxidant and anticancer effects
Experiments conducted by Nagano Institute of Public Health Pollution showed that natto extract could reduce 30,000 pathogenic Escherichia coli from 0- 157 to less than 40. Recent scientific experiments have also confirmed that Bacillus natto has the same inhibitory effect on 0- 157 similar pathogenic Escherichia coli 0- 1 1, 0- 144 and other pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Listeria. As we all know, isoflavones are antioxidant substances, which can prevent cell oxidation and further prevent cancer. Eating a bag of wet natto can consume 50 mg of isoflavones, which is equivalent to the daily intake recommended by the United States to prevent cancer.
There are at least five anticancer substances in natto, especially isoflavones, which can effectively prevent and treat breast cancer.
other
Natto is rich in Bacillus natto and high-quality dietary fiber, which can inhibit the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria, clean the intestine, prevent constipation and improve the digestive system. It also has the beauty effects of removing wrinkles and inhibiting freckles.
Natto is rich in high-quality protein and lecithin, which is easily absorbed by the human body and effectively supplements the nutrients needed by the human body.
Natto contains 22 essential trace elements, 18 amino acids and 10 minerals. It has a certain dietotherapy and health care effect on children's diseases such as picky eaters, anorexia, hypertension and hyperglycemia.
5 natto taboo editor
Although natto is nutritious, it is not suitable for everyone.
Although natto is good, it is not suitable for everyone. Natto contains high content of protein and purine, which can induce gout and increase the burden on the kidney. Gout patients with purine metabolism disorder and patients with elevated blood uric acid concentration had better not eat more. Patients with chronic renal insufficiency are not suitable for eating; Not suitable for patients with postoperative wound unhealed. In addition, because nattokinase is not heat-resistant, it should be eaten without heating as far as possible, and can be used as a seasoning for mixed vegetables. Eating natto for dinner has the best health care effect. [2]
6 nutrition knowledge editor
natto
Knowledge introduction
Natto is a kind of microecological health food fermented by Bacillus natto. The unique flavor and smell of natto are like rotten food. Most people can't stand natto caused by soybean corruption. Because natto has the function of moistening intestines and is easy to digest, it is suitable as an appetizer for people who like drinking.
natto
Nutritional analysis
Prevention of osteoporosis: Bacillus natto contains a considerable amount of vitamin K2, which can generate bone protein, and then generate bone together with calcium to increase bone density and prevent fractures;
Thrombolytic effect: Natto contains a large amount of nattokinase which can dissolve thrombus, and it is a fibrinolytic protease, which can prevent the occurrence of thrombotic diseases. Regular consumption of natto can periodically increase fibrinolytic activity in plasma and effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular embolism. Hemorrhoids are also a kind of thrombosis, so natto can also be taken orally or externally;
Prevention of hypertension: the alcohol contained in natto can eliminate some cholesterol in the body after eating, decompose acidified lipids in the body, and restore abnormal blood pressure to normal;
Inhibit the growth of cancer cells: Natto contains lignin and trypsin inhibitor, which is the main component of anti-cancer. Data show that the anti-cancer effect of natto has been confirmed in animal experiments. Natto also contains antioxidant components, which can effectively slow down the process of atherosclerosis by reducing the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
Antioxidant and anti-aging: Natto crude extract is rich in antioxidant components such as lecithin, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, etc., which can effectively reduce blood lipid and cholesterol, remove peroxide pigment in brain tissue cells, adjust the water-lipid balance between skin cells and skin surface, promote blood circulation, improve skin elasticity, make skin smooth and soft, and achieve the effect of delaying aging;
Prevention and treatment of obesity: Mucin in natto has a good weight loss effect. Mucin is composed of glutamic acid polypeptide, which has a special structure and similar function to dietary fiber. It is not absorbed in human intestine, and its water absorption rate is higher than that of dietary fiber, which makes people feel full and reduces the absorption of fat. In addition, vitamin B2 in natto supports the burning of body fat, prevents fat from accumulating in the body, and achieves the effect of losing weight.
Supplementary information of natto: At first glance, natto looks like food that can be preserved for a long time, but in fact it can only be preserved for three or four days at most after it is made. For natto stored for too long, it should be avoided.
For the public.
The general population can eat it.
Suitable for children, women and the elderly;
Patients who use coumarins and patients with hypertension should not eat them.
food therapy
Has the effects of improving constipation, eliminating carcinogens in vivo, improving memory, protecting liver and caring skin, and delaying aging; Adjust the balance of intestinal flora, prevent dysentery, enteritis and constipation, and relieve alcoholism.
Grams of food stage
Natto should not be eaten with coumarin drugs.
Practical guidance
natto
Due to the fermentation of natto, vitamin B2 is more than the original soybean. If vitamin B2 is lacking, the skin will lose its luster. As long as you eat a pack of natto, you can really get one-third of the vitamin B2 you need for a day.
The sticky substance of sodium bean is formed by mucus and amino acids. Mucus can promote the absorption and synthesis of protein, and form a membrane to protect the gastric mucosa after entering the stomach. In other words, eating natto can prevent drunkenness and vomiting before drinking in large quantities;
Natto is rich in vitamin B2, and can be eaten by rolling seaweed or perilla leaves, which can obtain a doubling effect.
7 industrial production editor
process flow
Raw soybeans → Selection → Cleaning → Soaking → Cooking → Inoculation → Measurement → Packaging → Fermentation → Natto → Refrigeration → Sales.
Classification of soybean
The size of raw soybeans varies with the origin and variety. Particle size is related to water absorption. Mixing size is not conducive to production. Generally, the vibrating screen is used for classification according to the following specifications: large particles with a diameter greater than 7.2mm; 6.6-7.2mm medium diameter; All the particles with a diameter of 6-6.6 mm are small particles. Large, medium and small particles are treated separately.
Some natto is made of broken soybeans, which is called broken natto. At this time, the soybean is peeled first, then crushed and screened, and the broken soybean with a certain particle size is taken for processing.
Soybean cleaning
The purpose of washing is to weed stems, pods, soil and sand. Wash must be clean, shriveled beans, bad beans (broken beans, moth-eaten beans, moldy beans, germinated beans, etc. ) should be removed.