One spring morning, Li Bai was walking on the tree-lined path in Daitian Mountain. He went to visit a Taoist priest. But it's been a long time. Because no one knew where the man he was looking for was, he had to lean gloomily under a pine tree, hoping to wait for the Taoist priest to appear.
Li Bai suddenly noticed the beautiful scenery in the morning fog: overlooking the lakes and mountains, the trees were lush and graceful, like soldiers holding their heads high and dancing girls. The fog cleared and the birds kept singing; The grass stretches out and wakes up from a dream; Flowers are competing to open, a breeze blowing, flowers exude intoxicating fragrance. At this time, the fragrance of flowers attracted a group of flowers and bees ... and behind Li Bai, it was a waterfall that poured down. When the waterfall falls into a mountain stream, it becomes a clear spring, making a "crash …" sound. Deer will be seen from time to time on the shore in front of the mountain stream. Seeing this beautiful scenery, Li Bai couldn't help chanting:
In the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick. Deer can be seen when the tree is deep, and there is no clock at noon. Wild bamboos are green and misty, and flying springs hang blue peaks. No one knows where to go. I'm worried about two or three loose.
(2) The poem "You Dai Tian Dao Shi Shan" depicts a "quiet" mountain environment for us. Can you tell us how people describe "quiet"?
In the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick.
See the deer when the tree is deep, but don't ring the bell at noon.
Wild bamboos are green and misty, and flying springs hang blue peaks.
No one knows where to go. I'm worried about two or three loose.
In the third and fourth sentences, poets often see elk in the forest path; Shenlin's road is long. It was already noon when he came to the stream. It was time for the Taoist temple to ring the bell, but he couldn't hear it. These two sentences are extremely quiet in the mountains, suggesting that the Taoist priest has gone out. Deer are quiet and often move in the depths of trees. Since "seeing a deer as a horse", it can be seen that it is quiet. At noon, the bell rang, and only the sound of the stream could be clearly heard, showing the tranquility around. The quiet environment, originally the true face of the outside world, coincides with the Taoyuan scene written in the first couplet. These two sentences are also obscure narratives: "Seeing the deer when it's time" as a contrast to not seeing people; "Don't smell the bell" implies that there is no Taoist temple.
(3) Visiting Taoist priests in Dai Tianshan Mountain (translation)
Dog barking and the sound of water (together),
The peach blossoms are covered with big drops of rain and dew.
The trees are lush, and sometimes deer can be seen from them.
It's noon now, but there is no bell in the valley.
Wild bamboo grows (tall enough) to separate blue clouds.
The flowing spring water hangs between the green peaks.
No one knows where he went,
I am worried about leaning against two or three pine trees.
(4) The significance of visiting Daitianshan Taoist Temple.
The sound of mountain spring running water passes through the bursts of dog barking, and peach blossoms are in full bloom around the running water. Wild deer sometimes run in the deep forest, and there is no bell in the quiet stream at noon. Flying springs hang on the green peaks in the distance, and wild bamboos emerge in the green haze in the mountains. No one knows where the Taoist priest is going, so I have to wander between two or three pine trees in frustration.
5] Interview with Taoist Dai Tianshan. Why are those two words used so well in the third joint?
The phrase "wild bamboo" uses a word "fen" to describe the green color of wild bamboo. The "flying spring" sentence uses the word "hanging", which means that the white flying spring and the blue mountain peak set each other off.
[6] Interview with Dai Tianshan Taoist and a brief comment on two poems and literature in A Note for an Absent ecluse.
Visiting a Taoist priest in Daitian
This is a five-character poem. According to experts who study Li Bai, it was written in the early years of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, when the poet was less than twenty years old. This poem is often placed in the first poem edited by Li Bai in chronological order, which seems to be the earliest poem handed down by the poet. In these five laws, the poet expresses his love for the motherland's landscape and sincere feelings for his friends by describing what he saw, heard and felt when he visited his friends in a day.
"Dai Tianshan Mountain" in the title "Visiting Taoist in Dai Tianshan Mountain" is named after the high mountain, and it is located in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province, where Li Bai once lived when he was a teenager. "Not seeing each other" means not seeing each other.
"In the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick." When we opened this poem, we were immediately attracted by the beautiful voice and gorgeous colors, and immediately brought into the artistic conception of the poem. This is a morning map of a mountain village. It turned out that Li Bai, a young poet, set out on the road very early. At this time, the earth was still sleeping at dawn, and no one said anything. Only the gurgling sound of running water and the occasional barking of dogs from a distance. On the vaguely discernible mountain road, the poet walked with brisk steps, but the sky was getting brighter. I saw bright dew hanging on the face of peach blossoms on the roadside, which was particularly fresh and colorful under the bright morning sun. What a beautiful country morning-fresh, quiet and full of vitality!
Here, "in the barking of dogs" is what I heard before dawn. At this time, I can't see anything but the dim shadows of the road, so I can only feel the environment by hearing.
"Peach blossom dew" is what I saw in my eyes after dawn. At this time, people's feelings about the surrounding environment are of course visual first. The poet looked around, and it turned out that all the way was peach blossoms. Here, while the poet clearly writes the pleasing visual scene, it should be said that he also secretly writes the smell and breath of the heart; Because since the roadside peach blossoms are in full bloom, it must be fragrant all the way.
This couplet not only shows that the poet's departure time is in Guang Chen at dawn with extremely low visibility, but the season of visiting friends is in the spring of March when peach blossoms are in full bloom; Moreover, it initially revealed the deep friendship between the poet and the Taoist priest, and naturally showed the happy mood of the journey at this moment. Leaving so early may have something to do with the distance, but I'm afraid the main reason is to visit friends.
With a happy and anxious mood, the poet sometimes struggles to climb, sometimes climbs over mountains and mountains, and sometimes the wind blows at his feet and strides forward. However, when he walked into the deep mountains and approached the Taoist temple, an unexpected scene appeared in front of him: "See the deer when the tree is deep, and ring the bell at noon." From a distance, in the depths of Lin Mang, elk always appear, jumping around, chasing and playing; When I came to the stream in front of the Taoist temple, although the sun was reflected in the water, it was already noon, but the Taoist temple didn't come out to meet me, nor did it usually ring.
These two sentences are causal sentences in terms of their relationship. "Seeing the deer when it is time" is the result, and "not smelling the bell" is the cause; It is precisely because "I can't smell the bell" that "I see it as a deer". The poet first explains the result with vision, and then narrates the reason with hearing. The two sentences are reversed, not only to take care of the rhythm, but also to conform to the law that people are always aware of the environment during the day.
Although the scenery written in these two sentences is different-one is that there are elk in the depths of the forest, and the other is that the bell is not heard at noon-they all express the same meaning, suggesting that the Taoist priest is not at home. Although "seeing deer when the tree is deep" is still a guess, "not hearing the bell of the stream at noon" has been settled. As we know, deer is a timid animal, so "seeing a deer once" in the distance means that there is no one around. This makes people suspect that the Taoist priest may not be at home, but this is an estimate after all. The poet muttered in his heart and moved on. As the Taoist residence approached, his suspicion was finally confirmed. He came to the front yard and listened attentively. Nothing happened, there was silence-the Taoist priest did go out.
It should be pointed out that this sentence not only implies that the Taoist priest may not be at home, but also describes the elegance of the Taoist priest from the side-because it is said that the deer is the mount of the fairy, and there is a saying in the Long song of Han Yuefu that "the fairy rides the white deer", which is also said in the poet's later poems about immortals; Therefore, the place where deer often haunt is naturally not where ordinary people live-thus reflecting the poet's respect for Taoist friends.
It seems that this trip is in vain! But I don't know that Taoist priest may just go out temporarily and will come back soon. So, why not wait for a while and have a rest? A poet who lives alone outside the house and loves nature seems to have forgotten his eagerness to meet his friends, and he has a strong interest in investigating the environment of Taoist residence: "Wild bamboo is misty, flying springs hang blue peaks." I saw wild bamboos in the front yard and backyard of the house, lush and leafy, breaking through the blue clouds around the mountainside; The distant mountain is blue, and a wisp of clear spring hangs upside down on the peak like a white practice-what a desirable place it is!
The poet wrote here that "wild bamboo" can "divide smoke", not that bamboo grows particularly high, but that the place where it grows is particularly high; This shows that the Taoist priest's terrain is steep and his vision is wide, and even the mountain springs that fly down in the distance are vivid. The dense and slender wild bamboo meets the clouds, which was originally a quiet scene; However, because the poet used the word "fen", the word "fen" has a moving meaning, which reminds people of the mountain wind in Xu Lai, and the moving clouds are constantly drifting from the top of the wild bamboo. Above the green peaks, a line of spring water, flying in the air, was originally a touching scene; However, because the poet used the word "hanging", it changed from dynamic to static, which made people want to see the steep pulling of mountain peaks and the falling of mountain springs. The Taoist priest chose to live here, which naturally shows that he likes the scenery here; The poet's writing in this way also shows that he appreciates the scenery here very much: their tastes are so similar, which shows that their aesthetic views are the same.
There is a problem here: it is not the first time that the poet visited the Taoist priest; Since I have been here before, why do I think the scenery around the Taoist temple is as fresh and interesting as when I first came? This is because, when I visited before, the host warmly received me, accompanied me at any time, sat and talked about my feelings. Maybe I didn't watch the environmental scenery in detail, but only had a general impression; Unfortunately, I bumped into the lock this time, hesitated outside the door, carefully observed it, and seemed to have a new discovery and a new understanding of my friends. Therefore, how can the record of this visit not be written into the poem?
Although the beautiful scenery here fascinates the poet, appreciating the scenery is not the purpose of this trip after all. Therefore, at the thought of his friend's absence for a long time, his mood was dim again: "No one knows where to go, and he is worried about two or three loose." Shan Ye is sparsely populated. Who can I ask about the whereabouts of Taoist priests? The poet is helpless and disappointed, and can only sigh, and the sadness in his heart is not difficult to imagine.
Who doesn't worry about visiting friends? However, there is another question here: Why didn't the poet write down this "unexpected" worry at the beginning of his arrival, but after he had enjoyed the beautiful environment? This is because: first, at the beginning, it was disappointing to find visiting friends throwing their hands in the air, but this was not the main mental activity at that time. At that time, the main mental activity was to feel surprised and surprised; In addition, in the poet's heart, there is still a glimmer of hope that the Taoist priest may come back soon. Secondly, if a poet visits friends, confides in each other and exchanges ideas with each other, then by observing the environment, he has made new discoveries and learned more about his friends, and he must have more words to vomit. Daoyou just won't come back at this time. How can this not make people more anxious and worried? Third, it was already noon when the poet first came, and then he enjoyed some scenery, naturally it was afternoon; It has been several hours since dawn, and I have walked more than half of Tianshan Road, tired and hungry. At this time, my sadness is certainly not as good as when I first came. Fourth, because "no one knows where to go", I don't know where the scholar is going or when he will come back. Therefore, it is more difficult for a poet to decide whether to continue waiting or to come back early and come back another day. And how can this not be worrying? It can be seen that, finally, it is pointed out that "worry" is not only the structural requirement of the ending of couplets and the death of Zhang Xianzhi; More importantly, this is the inevitable result of the poet's emotional development, so it is very natural to use a pen with thick ink and heavy color.
In Sorrow for Two or Three Pines, "Two or Three Pines" added the living environment of Taoist priests by the way, once again secretly wrote the perseverance of Taoist character by symbolic means, and more importantly visualized the poet's anxiety about visiting relatives and friends. Let's look at him from the way he looks forward to this tree and complains about the anxiety and impatience of another tree. If it is too general and abstract for a poet to describe his mood simply with "sorrow", then it is vivid and concrete to describe it with "sorrow leaning on two or three pines". Because the former can only be felt in the heart, and the latter can also be seen in the eyes.
At this point, the theme has been revealed, and the poem will naturally end.
People often say, "Writing is like looking at a mountain, and I don't like peace." The same is true of poetry. Although these five laws are only eight short sentences and forty words, they are full of ups and downs and interesting. "In the barking of dogs, the peach blossoms are strong", and the joy is beyond words; "See the deer when the tree is deep, but don't smell noon in the stream", and the feeling of happiness is blown away by the wind; "Wild bamboo is green and misty, flying springs hang blue peaks", which makes me feel comforted unexpectedly. "No one knows where to go, and I'm worried." Finally, I fell into infinite melancholy. The development of poetry is not only unexpected for readers, but also reasonable for poetry. Looking forward to visiting friends in the mountains, but the Taoist priest is not there; On second thought, the title of the poem clearly says "misfortune", which is expected. Since I haven't met him, I should write about how to be disappointed and melancholy, while the poet enjoys the beautiful scenery of the environment with great interest; However, the above analysis does make sense. While the readers were enjoying the scenery, the word "sadness" suddenly appeared ... the poet used the method of restraining his head and raising his head. In order to contrast the melancholy of visiting friends, he first exaggerated the high interest of visiting friends. It is precisely because of the distant photos of the cheerful mood of leaving early that the emotional depression of waiting for friends to return is particularly obvious. However, from promotion to suppression, feelings did not plummet, not only turning points and turning points, but also temporary recovery. So the poem is full of twists and turns, which is very fascinating.
A note for the absent.
Li Sao Notes is a poem by Jia Dao, a poet in Tang Dynasty. This is a question-and-answer poem, but the poet uses the method of combining question and answer to describe the anxiety that can't be found. White clouds are nobler than hermits, and pine trees are used to describe hermits' character. The more I admire you when I didn't meet you when I was writing. It is a rare concise poem with concise words, complex words, profound feelings and unpretentious description.
In the traditional culture of China, pine, bamboo and plum are three old and cold friends. Literati often use them to express their peace and happiness, not worldly, clean and lofty. The first sentence, "When I asked your apprentice, it was under a pine tree", apparently explained that the author could not find a hermit, so he asked the hermit's apprentice about this series of processes; At a deeper level, it implies that the hermit is close to the pine tree and takes the pine tree as his friend, rendering the hermit's high-spirited life. The following three sentences are the boy's answers, including the poet's layers of questioning, with progressive meanings, meaningful words and memorable memories. The first answer: "My teacher", he replied, "I went to collect herbs", from the structure of the whole poem, from the rendering of the environment and atmosphere to the description of the action, from abstract to concrete. In ancient China, there was the idea of pursuing immortality, and the Qin Emperor Hanwu was a typical example. Even alchemists prevailed in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and counterfeiting became a common practice. In contrast, outstanding hermits pay attention to their own cultivation. In seclusion life, enlightenment, health preservation and medication (health medicine) constitute the main contents. This is especially true in Wei, Jin and Israel. Therefore, for hermits, herb picking is an important activity. Its utility lies not only in taking medicine for health, but also in climbing mountains to collect herbs, which is an excellent physical exercise. Therefore, for real hermits, understanding Tao, keeping in good health and collecting herbs are trinity. The profoundness of Tao is manifested in the beauty of cranes, and the communication is like the sky. "My teacher," he replied, "went to collect herbs." This boy showed the typical characteristics of a hermit and added the sadness that the poet hurt him. The second answer is directed at the poet's question about where to collect medicine. This answer is very clear and affirmative, which seems to give the poet some expectations to pursue, but then the third answer seems to guess the poet's expectations, and finally gives a fruitless answer: "How can I tell the difference between crossing so many clouds? "At this time, the mountains are high and the clouds are deep, and the hermit's escape suddenly jumps into the reader's imagination. Around these answers, there are actually two performance structures intertwined and constantly evolving. First, the performance structure of hermit behavior, that is, from virtual to real (not here but in this mountain), from real to virtual (how to say, through all these clouds? ), from the virtual to the real, just like Youlong in the clouds, looming, giving people a sense of confusion, trance, confusion, fully showing the hermit's Shen Feng. First, the poet's own emotional expression structure, from melancholy to expectation (not knowing that he is on this mountain), from expectation to deeper melancholy, reveals an unreachable emotion. The poet was originally a monk, but later he returned to the secular world, but he was not proud of his official career, so he always praised the noble and extraordinary human life. " But on this mountain, how can I tell, through all these clouds? "In fact, it is not only the poet's description of the hermit, but also the realm of life pursued by the poet himself. It is said that Jia Dao's poems are too trapped in the "scrutiny" of words, only working hard on words, and often have good sentences but no good articles; This poem, however, takes great pains in the conception of the article. There are no good sentences, only good sentences.
What are the characteristics of the scenery when Dai Tianshan Taoist plays in this poem?
It is not a good thing to visit Taoist priests in Daitianshan Mountain.
li po
In the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick.
See the deer when the tree is deep, but don't ring the bell at noon.
Wild bamboos are green and misty, and flying springs hang blue peaks.
No one knows where to go. I'm worried about two or three loose.
(1) What two words do you think are good for the third joint? Please analyze it briefly.
(2) What are the characteristics of the scenery described in this poem? What kind of thoughts and feelings does it contain?
answer
(1) The word "fen" describes the dynamic beauty of wild bamboo in the green haze. The word "hanging" describes the shape of spring water flowing in the distance, which is full of vitality against the blue mountain peaks.
(2) The scenery described is fresh, quiet and unique. It contains the melancholy of the poet's visit to the Taoist priest and his yearning for seclusion.
works appreciation
Daitianshan Mountain, also known as Dakangshan Mountain or Daguanshan Mountain, is located in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province. Appreciation of Li Bai's Reading Test Answers and Appreciation of Dai Tian Searching for a Taoist. Li Bai studied in daming temple in the mountains in his early years, and this poem was written during this period.
The whole poem consists of eight sentences, the first six of which are written as "interview", focusing on scenery and beautiful scenery; The last two sentences write "misfortune", focusing on lyricism and smoothness.
(8) Visit the Taoist Daitian Mountain and expand it.
The secluded path is green with wild bamboo, and the nine-day flying spring hangs Qingfeng! Is this an expansion?
(9) A Taoist temple trip by Dai Tianshan was adapted into a story of about 100 words.
One morning, I'm going to Daitian to visit a Taoist priest. I heard dogs barking, and I saw peach blossoms with dew on the road. There will be a deer from time to time in the depths of the forest. It was noon, by the stream, but I didn't hear anyone ring the doorbell in the room. While waiting, I also saw a waterfall that melted in the green hills and hung on the Bifeng Mountain. No one knows where the Taoist priest went. I was depressed and anxious to lean against the pine tree in front of the door.