First, active activities: try to let patients do active exercise. Muscle contraction provides a good pump function for relieving edema. Patients can lift the position of the affected limb to do some activities, such as grasping with fingers, grasping sticks, twisting towels, etc.
Bed training: lay a good foundation for standing and walking, such as three-level training of turning over, sitting up and sitting balance, spasmolysis training of joints such as hip, knee, shoulder and ankle, double or single-leg bypass training, and then switch from sitting position to standing position, with emphasis on the training of shifting the center of gravity to the affected side.
Third, maintain a good posture: the so-called good posture is a good posture against convulsions. In addition to rehabilitation training, patients should also maintain good posture of hemiplegic limbs. In supine and lateral position, the elbow joint should be straight and the wrist joint should be flexed; When lying on the healthy side, the shoulder joint flexes about 90, the elbow joint is straight, and the towel roll is held in hand to keep the wrist flexed. Good posture can improve venous return and reduce hand swelling.
4. Training of daily living ability: Take care of patients in different self-care ways, that is, patients receive life care from nurses in a passive state, such as feeding, gargling, changing clothes and moving, while self-care is patiently guiding, encouraging, helping and training patients, so that patients can actively participate in training. Stroke patients will have physical dysfunction, which will affect their ability of daily living to varying degrees. We should take care of themselves, so that they can take care of themselves in part or in whole, and help them return to society and adapt to their new life.
5. Passive activities: Passive activities should be gentle, so as not to cause pain or aggravate it. Patients can do the healthy limb to drive the affected limb to move upward, or they can do forearm pronation and supination and wrist flexion and extension activities within the painless range to maintain the normal range of motion of the affected limb. Paying attention to preventing the occurrence of shoulder-hand syndrome can reduce the pain and economic burden of patients. When sitting in a wheelchair, make sure that the affected limb is not perpendicular to one side of the wheelchair, and put your hands on the wheelchair armrest or wheelchair table; Blood transfusion in the affected hand should be avoided as far as possible to avoid excessive traction and accidental injury. This can not only prevent the occurrence of shoulder-hand syndrome, but also prevent the deterioration of the disease, reduce disability and improve the quality of life of patients.
Sixth, language rehabilitation training: first teach patients and their families to repeat training with numbers (1 ~ 10) and simple words. Mouth method is to demonstrate the mouth shape to patients, so that they can carefully observe the mouth shape changes of each sound, correct the wrong mouth shape and carry out correct pronunciation training. Start with simple numbers and sentences, and then gradually deepen complex sentences, encourage them to communicate with their families frequently, and create a good language environment for patients, so that patients can complete a single topic, enhance their confidence and gradually improve their language expression ability.