To prevent food poisoning, we should first pay attention to personal hygiene, and do regular bathing, washing clothes, cutting nails, cutting hair and changing sheets and quilts (once a month). Keep the classroom, dormitory and environment clean and hygienic, and form the good habit of washing hands before and after meals and not overeating. Secondly, do "six don't eat", don't eat cold food, unclean fruits and vegetables, don't eat spoiled food, don't eat meals without high temperature treatment, don't drink raw water and don't eat snacks. Then, we should pay attention to identify the quality of food from the food label. Choosing safe food is the first step to control the spread of disease.
1, know the characteristics of food poisoning.
Short incubation period: usually a few minutes to several hours after eating.
Gastrointestinal symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, some accompanied by vomiting and fever.
2, improve self-help awareness
If the above symptoms appear, you should doubt whether you have food poisoning, go to the hospital in time and report to the teacher.
3. Prevent food poisoning.
Develop good hygiene habits, wash your hands frequently, especially before and after meals, and wash your hands with disinfectant soap and hand sanitizer.
Don't eat cold and unclean food.
Don't eat spoiled leftovers.
Eat less and don't eat cold drinks.
Eat less and don't eat snacks.
Do not eat spicy food for a long time.
Don't eat wild fruit casually, and don't drink drinks, especially water, after eating fruit.
Don't rush to eat and drink after strenuous exercise.
Don't buy fried and smoked food from unlicensed stalls, and try to eat in the school cafeteria. Never go to unlicensed stall restaurants to buy food or eat.
Do not drink raw water, it is recommended to drink standard pure water.
Pickled products brought from home should not be in school for more than 2 days.
Choose packaged food carefully and carefully check the packaging label.
Check whether the basic logo, factory address, telephone number and production date are clearly marked and qualified.
Check the market access mark (QS)
Brief introduction of market access marks QS: In order to ensure people's food hygiene and safety, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine has implemented the food safety market access system nationwide since 2002. After the compulsory inspection is qualified, the factory food is labeled with market access signs, which is convenient for purchase. Since 2002, five kinds of food, such as wheat flour, rice, edible vegetable oil, soy sauce and vinegar, have been introduced. In the second half of 2003, the market access system was implemented for instant noodles, puffed food, canned food, cold drinks and other 10 foods.
Talking about hygiene and health
1). Talking about hygiene and health
In fact, we should pay attention to hygiene everywhere. On the roadside, in the street, in the alley, in the stalls of those vendors, we often make some food such as oil cakes and stinky tofu. You must never buy them. Who knows what they are made of? They are easy to get sick and even cause diarrhea, dizziness and other symptoms. Washing hands before and after meals is also a hygienic behavior.
Speaking of health, some people may say, "If you eat too much, you will be healthy!" In fact, health does not lie in eating more. You should exercise regularly, drink plenty of water, eat on time every day, go to bed on time and so on, so as to be healthy. I read in the newspaper that eating too many fruits and vegetables and eating more vitamins is good for your health.
Hygiene and health are closely related. Bad hygiene habits not only make your body easy to get sick, but sometimes even your precious eyes will be attacked. When you come into contact with money, expired books and other items, never rub your eyes, otherwise the bacteria on your hands will enter your eyes, causing trachoma and reducing your vision.
In order to have a healthy body, we should develop good hygiene habits in peacetime. Good hygiene habits are not abstract concepts, but are manifested as small things in life. For example, keep yourself clean and tidy, change clothes frequently, take a bath frequently, and cut your nails frequently; Wash your hands before and after meals; Clean the environment frequently; Take part in physical exercise properly to enhance immunity.
(2) Food hygiene
Pay attention to the hygienic weather when eating hot pot. People like to eat hot pot, but they should pay attention to the following hygiene habits: (1) Food should not be overheated, and overheated food can easily burn oral mucosa, esophagus and gastric mucosa, and induce diseases of esophagus or stomach. (2) Don't leave too much food in the hot pot, so as not to cook the food for too long and lose the flavor and nutrition of the dishes. (3) Food must be cooked before eating, so as to avoid infection with parasite eggs or bacteria. 9, overeating hurts the body In daily life, some people like to enjoy large pieces of meat and large glasses of wine until they are full of food and drink, but they don't know that hidden dangers are already in it. Overeating exceeds the normal digestion of the spleen and stomach. First of all, it produces a feeling of fullness and is easy to indigestion; Secondly, when a large number of high-protein foods are ingested for a long time, blood ammonia will increase greatly, exceeding the ability of liver and kidney to process ammonia. Produce ammonia poisoning; More seriously, a large amount of ammonia accumulated in the blood will enter the brain tissue with the blood flow, poisoning the central nervous system, ranging from being groggy and unconscious all day, to sudden death after overeating. A scientific diet is to eat well at breakfast, eat well at noon and eat less at dinner to avoid overeating. 10, beware of food poisoning in the refrigerator. As a household equipment for refrigerating food, refrigerator brings a lot of convenience to people's daily life, but refrigerator is not a safe. Generally speaking, the temperature of the freezer is-15 ~ 18℃, while the normal greenhouse is only 2 ~ 8℃. Low temperature can inhibit most pathogenic bacteria, but it has little effect on psychrophilic bacteria and psychrophilic bacteria. Some bacteria can grow and reproduce below zero. So the refrigerator can't inhibit all bacteria, and the food stored in the refrigerator will go bad. 1 1. Raw and cooked food and knives should be separated. Raw and cooked food refers to the tools for making, holding and storing raw and cooked food. Such as chopping boards, knives and other appliances should be placed separately and marked clearly. Raw and cooked food should not be stored in the same refrigerator or cupboard. Cooked food is easy to be polluted, causing intestinal diseases and parasitic diseases, which is harmful to the body. 12. What does a balanced diet mean? Food should be varied and light, with coarse grain flour and rice. Eat less fat and sweets and more vegetables and fruits. 13. Clean the wok in time to keep healthy. Some people don't clean the wok in time after cooking to save trouble, and then fry the next dish, or mistakenly think that the wok is used every day without cleaning. In fact, it is very harmful to health, especially when processing protein and fatty dishes, it will form a pot scale containing carcinogens, and eating a small amount of carcinogens often will leave hidden dangers in the body. Therefore, when cooking, you should clean the wok every time you finish cooking a dish. Don't be afraid of trouble and bury the curse. In addition, cooked oil, which is often used many times, will decompose a large number of strong carcinogens such as heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons when heated at high temperature. Therefore, cooking oil that has been heated at high temperature for many times should be discarded. 14. Why do you emphasize that eating vegetables and fruits every day can provide a lot of vitamin C for the body, but vitamin C can't be stored in the body?
(3) Health knowledge-prevention of infectious diseases
I. Respiratory infectious diseases
1, what is respiratory infectious disease?
Respiratory infectious diseases refer to infectious diseases caused by pathogens invading from human nose, throat, trachea and bronchus.
2. What are the common respiratory infectious diseases?
Common influenza, measles, chickenpox, rubella, meningitis, mumps, tuberculosis, etc.
3. What are the common pathogens of respiratory infectious diseases?
There are mainly viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma and chlamydia. Such as influenza virus, measles virus, meningococcus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc.
4. Under what circumstances are you prone to respiratory infectious diseases?
The respiratory tract is connected with the outside world and is more vulnerable to various pathogens. Winter and spring are the high incidence seasons of respiratory infectious diseases, and sudden weather changes are also prone to disease.
Children, the elderly, the infirm, patients with malnutrition or chronic diseases, overworked people and other people are prone to respiratory infectious diseases.
5. What are the main clinical manifestations of common respiratory infectious diseases?
Different respiratory infectious diseases have different clinical manifestations. Generally, the onset is urgent and there are fever symptoms.
Influenza: generally manifested as acute onset, with obvious symptoms of systemic poisoning such as fever, fatigue, headache and general aches, and mild respiratory symptoms such as cough and runny nose.
Measles: Symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctival congestion, measles mucosal spots on oral mucosa and maculopapules on skin.
Chickenpox: systemic symptoms are mild, skin and mucosa appear in batches, and rapidly develop into spots, papules, blisters and scabs.
Rubella: the clinical manifestations are low fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes behind the ear and occipital region, and mild systemic symptoms.
Meningitis: The main manifestations are sudden high fever, severe headache, frequent vomiting, ecchymosis of skin and mucosa, irritability, stiff neck, mental disorder and convulsion.
Mumps: Acute swelling and pain of parotid gland, accompanied by fever and general malaise.
Tuberculosis: It is a chronic infectious disease, mainly characterized by fever, night sweats, general malaise, cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, chest pain and dyspnea.
6. How do common respiratory infectious diseases spread?
It is mainly transmitted by droplets of patients or recessive infected people, and can also be transmitted through direct close contact or indirect contact.
7. How to prevent respiratory infectious diseases?
① Keep the indoor and surrounding environment clean; Always open the window for ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh.
② Develop good hygiene habits, do not spit everywhere, wash your hands frequently and drink plenty of water.
③ Exercise regularly to improve your disease resistance.
(4) Change clothes in time according to weather changes to avoid catching cold.
If you have symptoms such as fever and cough, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time. When infectious diseases occur, you should take the initiative to isolate yourself from healthy people and try not to go to public places to prevent others from being infected.
Second, intestinal infectious diseases
Common intestinal infectious diseases are generally spread by patients and carriers through feces-mouth with the help of water, food, close contacts and flies. The main symptoms are vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever.
Common intestinal infectious diseases are:
1, bacterial food poisoning: caused by bacteria or bacterial toxins. People who eat together often get sick and have symptoms of severe vomiting.
2, bacterial dysentery: caused by Shigella dysenteriae, the patient has the feeling of endless defecation; Feces can be purulent, often accompanied by fever, and children may go into shock.
3, amoebic dysentery: caused by amoeba, the feces are jam-like.
4, viral enteritis: also known as epidemic diarrhea. Patients are often accompanied by symptoms such as colds.
Preventive measures: Intestinal infectious diseases mainly control "disease from mouth to mouth". Adhere to the policy of "washing hands frequently, drinking boiled water and eating cooked food". Details are as follows:
1. Patients with intestinal infectious diseases should seek medical treatment in time and be treated in isolation. They shouldn't work in the catering industry to avoid infecting others.
2. Suspected patients should go to the hospital intestinal clinic in time and take timely treatment measures. Close contacts between carriers and patients should be isolated for inspection and preventive medication. Employees in the catering service industry shall have an annual health examination and hold a health certificate.
3. Cut off the route of transmission and do a good job of "three tubes and one extinction" (water, feces, food and flies) to prevent the disease from entering the mouth; Ensure the supply of clean and hygienic water and safe food; Diet should be light and hygienic, cooked food should be reheated and cooked, and raw seafood should not be eaten; Develop good hygiene habits and wash your hands before and after meals.
4. Improve the body's resistance. Don't be too tired and ensure adequate sleep time; Inoculate hepatitis A vaccine, typhoid vaccine and other vaccines.
(4) Pay attention to ear health
According to the second national sampling survey of disabled people, there are 20.04 million hearing disabled people and 65.438+0.27 million speech disabled people in China. Nowadays, children's deafness is more and more closely related to genetic factors. The basic knowledge of preventing congenital deafness is very important, and the general survey and screening of newborns are also necessary. Experts pointed out that if there is congenital deafness, early intervention should be carried out according to the cause, and at the same time, the cause of acquired deafness should be understood. Children's listening development has a stage of gradual growth. If you can't reach the corresponding index, you should go to the hospital for examination to determine whether you have hearing impairment or are affected by some diseases, so as not to miss the best opportunity because of delayed treatment.
Food safety advertisement
The market is really good, goose liver, abalone and chicken feet.
If safety is not guaranteed, how can the living standard be improved?
I'm afraid I'll run to the toilet.
Don't swallow your pride, come to the Consumers Association and report it.