The winter solstice is a very important solar term in China. The winter solstice festival is one of the traditional festivals of the Han nationality, which originated in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The winter solstice is commonly known as "Winter Festival", "Dragon Solstice Festival" and "Asian New Year Festival". As early as more than 2,500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, China had observed the sun with the soil return, and determined the winter solstice, which was the earliest of the 24 solar terms, and the time was between 65,438+February 2 1 to 23, making it the shortest day in the northern hemisphere. On the solstice of winter, there are different customs in the north and south of China. Jiaozi is eaten in most areas in the north, and glutinous rice balls are eaten in the south. There is also a proverb: "When the solstice winter comes, eat jiaozi".

The origin of eating jiaozi from winter solstice.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, disasters were serious everywhere, and many people fell ill. There is a famous doctor in Nanyang named Zhang Ji and Zhong Jing. He studied medical books hard since childhood, learned from others and became the founder of traditional Chinese medicine. Zhang Zhongjing is not only good at medical skills, but also noble in medical ethics. He took the poor and the rich seriously and saved countless lives.

When Zhang Zhongjing was an official in Changsha, he often treated the people. One year, when the local plague was prevalent, he made a cauldron at the entrance of Yamen, giving up medicine to save people, which was deeply loved by Changsha people. After Zhang Zhongjing retired from Changsha and returned to his hometown, he walked to the shore of the Baihe River in his hometown and saw many poor people hungry and cold, and their ears were frozen. He was very upset and determined to treat them. When Zhang Zhongjing came home, many people sought medical treatment. He is as busy as a bee, but he always remembers those poor people with frozen ears. He followed Changsha's example and told his disciples to build a medical shed and cauldron in an open space in Dongguan, Nanyang, and open it on the day of winter solstice to send medicine to the poor to treat their injuries.

Zhang Zhongjing's medicine is called "Quhan Joule Decoction". Its practice is to put mutton, pepper and some herbs to remove cold into a pot and cook them. After cooking, take these things out and chop them up, and make them into ear-shaped "Joules" with leather bags. After cooking in the pot, it will be distributed to patients who ask for medicine. Everyone has two charming ears and a bowl of soup. After eating Quhan decoction, people feel feverish all over, their qi and blood are smooth, and their ears are warm. After eating it for a while, the patient's rotten ears healed.

Zhang Zhongjing didn't give up taking medicine until New Year's Eve. On the first day of New Year's Day, people celebrate the New Year and the recovery of rotten ears. Like burnt ears, they cook food for the New Year. People call this kind of food "jiaozi's Ear", "jiaozi" or partial eclipse, and eat it on the winter solstice and the first day of the New Year to commemorate the day when Zhang Zhongjing opened the shed to give medicine and cure patients. Zhang Zhongjing's history is nearly 1800 years ago, but his story of "Quhan Joule Decoction" has been widely circulated among the people. On the solstice of winter and the first day of New Year's Day, people eat jiaozi, and they still remember Zhang Zhongjing's kindness in their hearts. Today, we don't need charming ears to cure frozen ears, but jiaozi has become the most common and favorite food for people.

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Common introduction of jiaozi.

1, a novel vegetable noodle jiaozi: squeezing juice and flour with spinach. Spinach leaves can keep blood sugar stable and prevent vitamin deficiency such as angular stomatitis and night blindness. ?

2. Traditional jiaozi with three fresh fillings: Chinese chives, fresh meat and shrimps as raw materials can not only reduce blood fat and resist aging, but also moisten intestines, soothe the nerves, supplement calcium and prevent cancer. ?

3. Carrot stuffing jiaozi: Dice carrots, blanch them with water, and mix them with appropriate amount of onion, ginger, salt and sesame oil. It is of great benefit to asthma, physical weakness, chills and malnutrition. Suitable for the elderly. ?

4. Pork and radish jiaozi: Pork and white radish are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1 or 1: 0.5. Pork is rich in vitamin B 1, which has the functions of nourishing yin, moistening dryness, benefiting qi and enriching blood. White radish has the functions of opening chest, benefiting qi and dispelling cold, and is suitable for manual workers. ?

5. Beef and celery dumplings: beef and celery are prepared in proportion. Beef is a kind of healthy food, containing high-quality protein, which has the effects of strengthening bones and muscles, benefiting qi and enriching blood. Celery is rich in dietary fiber and has the effect of lowering blood pressure. This stuffing is suitable for patients with hypertension. ?

6, leek eggs jiaozi: Eggs are fried into egg skins or cut into pieces after frying, add leeks, seasoning and concocting. Leek belongs to Wenyang and is rich in dietary fiber, which is suitable for people with light taste. However, people with indigestion or poor liver function are prone to abdominal distension after eating and are not suitable for eating. ?

7. Shrimp dumplings: Shrimp, ham, and minced vegetables are filled with appropriate amount of fresh meat. Chinese medicine believes that shrimp has the functions of tonifying kidney, strengthening yang and promoting lactation. Rich in protein, trace elements and unsaturated fatty acids, it is easy to digest and is conducive to promoting children's growth and development. Suitable for children and older people with dyslipidemia. ?

8. Lamb cabbage jiaozi: Chop the cabbage and squeeze out the juice. Vegetable juice can be mixed with seasonings and put into chopped mutton. Then pour the cabbage into the meat and stir well. Mutton is a warm thing. Eating it in cold winter helps to strengthen the body's ability to keep out the cold. Chinese cabbage is a seasonal dish, rich in dietary fiber. This kind of stuffing is suitable for people with yang deficiency, not for people with yin deficiency and poor gastrointestinal function. ?

The benefits of eating jiaozi on the solstice in winter.

1. From the perspective of culinary science, the cooking method of jiaozi with water (steam) as the medium can cook and sterilize the food only at a temperature of about 100, thus avoiding the generation of strong carcinogens such as benzopyrene under the conditions of barbecue and frying, and ensuring food safety. Moreover, the nutritional components of food will not be lost due to peroxidation or hydrolysis during cooking. ?

2. From the point of view of nutrition, jiaozi cooks with water (steam) as the heat transfer medium, which can fully decompose starch polysaccharides in food and is beneficial to human absorption. ?

3. From the perspective of dietary structure, the fillings in jiaozi are all wrapped in dough, which can realize the proper collocation of grains, vegetables, fruits and meat, and make the main and non-staple foods have reasonable collocation, rich nutrition, acid-base balance and a dietary pagoda structure. ?

It is suitable for China people's stomach and eating habits. It conforms to the regimen of "moderate diet", "harmony of five flavors" and "harmony of skills". ?

5. Cooked food is a combination of staple food and non-staple food, which can be combined in various forms or processed into quick-frozen food, which is fast and convenient and suitable for the fast-paced life of modern fashion. After high-tech processing, it can be mass-produced, with huge market and broad development prospects. ?

6. Promoting cooking culture is also related to the long-term development of national economy, especially the development prospect of agriculture and the health of the next generation. Foreign countries train China people to make bread in order to sell wheat. Because wheat in our country is not suitable for making bread. Wheat in China is mainly medium gluten wheat, which is most suitable for making jiaozi and noodles. Once our next generation gets used to bread, they will have to import other people's wheat in the future. ?

7. Eating jiaozi, steamed stuffed buns, noodles and other cooked food is not only to enjoy the excellent traditional cooking culture. It also shoulders the responsibility of inheriting the excellent traditional culture of the motherland. On holidays, family members get together to eat jiaozi, not forgetting to be grateful, knowing how to repay the society and enhance national cohesion. ?

In a word, eating jiaozi in winter solstice is a good deed of Zhang Zhongjing, a "medical sage", in Quhan Joule Decoction. Up to now, there is still a folk song in Nanyang, which is called "jiaozi Bowl, and nobody cares about frozen ears." .