First, nephrotic syndrome protein turns negative, and the patient's diet has no edema.
1. Staple food intake: normal dietary intake such as steamed bread and rice.
2. Sodium intake: according to normal taste or light diet.
3. Intake of high-quality protein: 1.0~ 1.2g/ (kg body weight) about 1 egg white/1 two lean meats/half a glass of milk every day.
4. Commonly used edible vegetables: tofu, Chinese cabbage, scallion (seasoning), Chinese cabbage, bracken, Yuqian, square melon, bergamot, mung bean sprout, red sweet potato, kidney bean, gourd, mung bean, loofah, eggplant, Chinese cabbage, onion, wax gourd, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, Chinese cabbage, radish and bitter vegetable.
5, taboo: spicy, fried, aquatic products, such as sea fish, crabs, peppers, garlic, green onions, coriander, dog meat.
Second, the diet of patients with nephrotic syndrome, massive proteinuria and edema.
1. Staple food intake: normal dietary intake such as steamed bread and rice.
2. Sodium intake: 5.5mmol/L for patients with normal blood sodium, and use with caution for those with high edema.
3. Patients with high blood potassium (5.0 serum potassium 5.5mmol/L) should eat more vegetables with low potassium content, such as tofu, Chinese cabbage, green onion (seasoning), Chinese cabbage, bracken, Yu Qian, square melon, fingered citron, mung bean sprouts, red sweet potato, kidney bean, gourd, mung bean, loofah, eggplant, Chinese cabbage and onion.
4. The above vegetables can be eaten by patients with normal electrolytes (normal blood potassium is 3.5~5.4mmol/L).
5, taboo: spicy, fried, aquatic products, such as sea fish, crabs, peppers, garlic, green onions, coriander, dog meat.
Please pay attention to the following dietary principles.
1. sodium intake: when edema occurs, you should eat a low-salt diet to avoid aggravating edema. Generally, it is advisable to use no more than 2g of salt every day. It is forbidden to pickle food, and the amount of monosodium glutamate and alkali is small. When the edema subsides and the plasma protein is close to normal, you can return to normal diet.
2. protein intake: In nephrotic syndrome, a large amount of plasma protein is excreted from urine, and the protein of human body is reduced, which makes it in a state of malnutrition in protein. Hypoalbuminemia leads to decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure, intractable edema and decreased body resistance. Therefore, in the absence of renal failure, high-quality protein diet (1~ 1.5g/kg*d), such as fish and meat, should be given at the early and extreme stages. This helps to alleviate hypoproteinemia and some accompanying complications.
But high protein diet can increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, and make glomerular capillaries in a state of high pressure. At the same time, a large intake of protein can also increase urinary protein, thus accelerating glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, patients with chronic nonpolar nephrotic syndrome should consume a small amount of high-quality protein (0.7~ 1g/kg*d), while patients with chronic renal insufficiency should eat a low-protein diet (0.65g/kg*d).
3. Fat intake: Patients with nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia, which can cause arteriosclerosis, glomerular injury and sclerosis. Therefore, we should limit the intake of foods rich in cholesterol and fat, such as animal offal, fat meat and some seafood.
4. Supplement of trace elements: Due to the increased permeability of glomerular basement membrane in patients with nephrotic syndrome, in addition to a large amount of protein, some trace elements and hormones combined with protein are also lost with urine, resulting in the lack of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements in the human body, which should be supplemented appropriately. Generally, you can eat vegetables, fruits and miscellaneous grains rich in vitamins and trace elements to supplement.
Four. Daily health care of patients with nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by a large number of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, edema and hypertension, and the course of the disease is prolonged and often recurs. If you can pay attention to the following questions in summer, you may be safe.
1, sometimes in daily life, get more sunshine.
In summer, the weather is hot and the sunshine time is long. Patients with nephrotic syndrome must adapt to the changing rules of the weather and develop good living habits. It is best to arrange a lunch break of about half an hour at noon 1, which can not only ensure physical strength, but also help to recover. There are some harmful rays in the sun, such as R rays, which can easily harm human body and cause skin inflammation. Patients with nephrotic syndrome have low immune function, so they should pay attention to sunlight to avoid aggravating the condition due to skin inflammation.
2, moderate diet, not greedy.
In summer, there are many kinds of fruits and vegetables, and the color, fragrance and taste make people have an appetite. However, patients with nephrotic syndrome should still strictly follow the diet rules and must not overeat, so as not to increase the burden on the kidneys. Watermelon, for example, can induce diuresis to reduce swelling, clear away heat and relieve summer heat, but if you eat too much, excessive urination will also increase the burden on your kidneys. Moreover, the accumulation of watermelon sugar in the body is also a potential crisis of the disease.
Some children with nephrotic syndrome like to quench their thirst with ice cream or iced diet. If you do it occasionally, it is not taboo to do it in small quantities many times. If you blindly covet the cold, it is not good for your state. Catch cold catch cold will damage gastrointestinal function, make the spleen and stomach lose healthy exercise, which is unfavorable to the condition. If acute enteritis occurs due to thirst, the condition will be repeated or aggravated. Therefore, patients with nephrotic syndrome should use cold drinks with caution in summer.
3. Exercise properly and pay attention to hygiene.
Proper exercise is conducive to the recovery of the disease. For example, walking, playing Tai Ji Chuan and practicing Qigong. But pay attention to the time of exercise, it should be in the morning and evening, and never exercise at noon or when the sun is strong. Although swimming is a good exercise in summer, it is suggested that patients with nephrotic syndrome should not swim, because swimming requires a lot of physical strength and the hygiene of the swimming pool cannot be guaranteed.
The health of patients with nephrotic syndrome in summer should include two aspects: first, food hygiene, do not eat sour and unclean food overnight, so as not to cause gastrointestinal diseases and affect recovery. Then there is personal hygiene. Wash and change frequently. Loose and soft cotton is more suitable. You should always take a bath and clean your skin to avoid the recurrence or aggravation of diseases caused by rashes and furuncle infections. Pay attention to killing mosquitoes, flies and other summer insects to prevent their bites from infecting the skin.
4. Pay attention to the living environment and sleep hygiene.
In summer, the bedroom of patients with nephrotic syndrome should be spacious and bright, ventilated and ventilated, and keep a certain temperature. Don't turn the air conditioner down too low. It should be about 5~6 lower than the outdoor temperature, otherwise it is easy to catch a cold due to sudden changes in heat and cold.
Bedding should be clean and dry, and the bedroom should be soft and ventilated. Because the basal metabolism is weakened after falling asleep, people's self-defense function is poor and they are prone to catch a cold. Therefore, patients with nephrotic syndrome should pay attention to covering their abdomen when sleeping in summer to prevent colds.
5, adjust emotions, abstinence.
Emotional discomfort is often an important cause of recurrent illness and blood pressure fluctuation. Nephrotic syndrome has a long course of disease, so patients must have the confidence to overcome the disease and skillfully adjust their emotions, such as entertaining themselves with flowers and birds, calligraphy, reading and playing chess. Can make them happy and promote health.
Some patients with nephrotic syndrome have repeated illnesses, and it is only after careful inquiry that they know that it is related to sexual misconduct. Generally, the condition is in recovery and the blood pressure is normal. In the case of no abnormality in urine test, occasional sex life is harmless to health. If you have high edema, high blood pressure and hypoalbuminemia, you will be forced to have sex, but this will be the enemy to stabilize the disease and even make it worse.