Zhuangzi not only advocated a happy life, but also said that we don't have to live happily and die sadly, as if we were careless about the way of keeping in good health; Actually, it is not. In this book, he has a unique book "Master of Health", but there are many health-keeping remarks scattered in his articles. Laozi's health theory of "being willing to eat, clothes are beautiful" seems to be biased towards physical cultivation; Andy's health preserving theory, that is, "you can live happily and comfortably", pays more attention to the enjoyment of the body. Zhuangzi's health preserving theory is different from theirs. He resolutely does not advocate "taking self-suffering as the extreme" life, but he does not see that he has "immortal" expectations; His medical care, is to ignore the form, and pay attention to its spirit. He seeks perfection in eternal life. The so-called eternal life is the life beyond the skeleton, that is, the life of "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me". He said at the beginning of the article "Health Master":

My life is limited, but so is my knowledge. With restrictions, there is no restriction, and it is almost there! It's almost enough for people who already know! Good has no near name, evil has no near punishment, and the governor thinks it is classics. You can protect yourself, you can live for a lifetime, you can raise your relatives, and you can do it for several years.

This is the general outline of his health preserving theory. There are several points he must pay attention to in this passage: (1) People who keep in good health should not pursue knowledge, because life is short and knowledge is endless. Pursuing endless knowledge with a short life is not only futile, but also the enemy of health care. (2) People who keep in good health should not be good. Because you are good at becoming famous, you can't feel at ease. In this way, it is also an opportunity to kill people. (3) People who keep in good health should not be evil. Because the harsh punishment is not enough for his life. (4) people who keep in good health should treat them with emptiness, not evil or bad; In this way, the name is not fixed, the punishment is not so good, and you can have a calm space and live a lifetime. If you can do it one by one, you can save it without injury; According to spiritual life, it can also coexist with Tao; Tell your biological parents that you didn't hurt your limbs; For unlimited time, you can also do your best. Zhuangzi's way of keeping in good health, that is, the sentence "Life supervises and thinks about classics". Du, Zhong Ye and Li Zhenyun: "The human body is only in the middle of the spine, and the du meridian is parallel to the spine, so it is practicing." Wang Fuzhi said, "The anterior midvein is Ren, and the posterior midvein is Du." Or the cloud: "Du, there are seams in the clothes." We should take its strict meaning of "hollow". The governor thinks that the classics, that is, the empty ones, think that the normal method of health preservation. Worrying about old work is a great precept for people who keep in good health. "Everything" article cloud:

Once formed, it will not die. Disagreement with the blade of phase is not sad, just escape! Life service, but not its success; It's a pity that I don't know where I belong when I'm tired! People call it immortality, Yi Xi? Its shape, its heart and it can't be called great compassion!

These words are the great precepts of the so-called health-preserving people. It is said that people are naturally influenced by their physical properties. Although they are not dead, if they don't cherish them, they will be at odds and work hard all their lives, so that they are tired and sleepy and can't see success. This is really a killing. Zhuangzi put forward a word "heart" here, which is opposite to the word "shape" and said: "Its shape is natural." Like vegetation, but what is sad? Therefore, he said, "There is no greater sorrow than the death of the heart, and the death of the person is second." You can see his spiritual accomplishment. In the article "Health Master", he borrowed a passage from a skillful craftsman's help:

When the first minister solved the cow, he saw nothing but the cow. I haven't seen all the cows for three years. At this time, I met God, not my eyes. Officer Zhi Zhi, God wants to do this. According to heaven, he approves the big ones and guides the big ones, because it is true. I haven't tasted the limbs, but how bad is it? A good man is a better cutter; Clans are knife-shaped and folded; Today's minister knife has solved thousands of cows in nineteen years, but if the blade is newly developed. A man with a knot has a room, but a man with a blade has no room. If you have no thickness, you will have room for it. Nineteen years, if the blade is new ...

My "knife" is a metaphor for people who are good at keeping in good health; The image of a cow is a metaphor for the human environment. As long as it is guided by heaven, there is no thick blade in the joint, and it will be 19 years, but the blade is new. Therefore, people who are good at keeping in good health also follow the void, do not touch nothingness, do not seek to contribute to the world, do not complain about others, and do not show off their wisdom, so they can do their day and live their life. On the contrary, the conflict between the blade of phase and the blade of phase is not a matter of time, or it is sharper in the age of good people or sharper in the month of a family. So is the so-called "maiming". "Geng Sang Chu" article cloud:

All your shapes, embrace your life and don't need you to think about the camp.

It can be seen that people who keep in good health should embrace life in a full form and should not pursue knowledge. "Geng Sang Chu" is another cloud:

Can you accept the classics of hygiene? Can you not lose it? Needless to say, can you know whether it is good or bad? Can you stop? Can you do that? Can you give up others and ask yourself? Can it be amazing? Can it be embarrassing? Can you be a son? My son howled all day, but he didn't, and he was very harmonious. Holding hands all day and not holding hands, * * * its virtue is also. Turn a blind eye all day, eccentric. Doing what you don't know, living a life you don't know, being skeptical about things, and being in the same wave, this is a healthy lesson.

This passage is quite profound and difficult to understand about the way of keeping in good health. Hold one, keep the truth; Don't lose, be complacent; If you don't know, you naturally know good or bad, and you don't need to wait; Can stop, that is, Zhi Zhi also; Can, that is, be satisfied; Seek yourself from others and say that you are not convinced by foreign things; However, there is no connection between us; Dong Ran, obedient and unintentional; A son is good at softening his spirit. He can be a baby. If not, you can't help being angry; If you can't get it, you can get it yourself, and you can't get it alone; You can look at it yourself without looking, not because of the color; I don't know what I am doing, but I am confident and confident. I don't know what to do. I am self-sufficient and have no business. If you doubt things, you will drift with the flow, and if you talk to things, you will drift with the flow. -this so-called way of keeping in good health. However, this can only explain the stagnation in the chest; As for the trip to the people, there is still some progress. Zhuangzi in the same article and cloud:

Husband to man, make food to the ground, and make lotte. Don't care about the interests of the characters, don't blame them, don't look for them, don't work for them, it is said that health will pass.

Those who take pleasure in food are vain, and all take pleasure in things. Those who don't care about the interests of the characters will not disturb their hearts with vulgar words. They are free from dirt. Don't be surprised, don't innovate; If you don't cooperate, don't think about it; If you don't do anything, you will accomplish nothing. All this, so getting rid of the fatigue of truth, is a common health care method for most people. However, if you are "a branch of a tree, but your heart is dying", then life and death will not change on yourself, what will be fate and disaster? If you can do this, you can do your best to protect your health.

Sixth, Zhuangzi's attitude towards life.

It can be seen from all aspects that Zhuangzi is a man with the concept of being born. Why do people with rich birth concepts still pay attention to their attitude towards life? It should be noted that Zhuangzi has the idea of being born and does not necessarily live in isolation. He is different from a sentimental hermit and a monk who abandoned his family. Some monks who are hidden in the earth, named Born, may not get rid of secular thoughts, but instead move against the trend, correct themselves with high fame and violate the way of nature. Zhuangzi thinks that such a birth is the most incomplete; Therefore, like the author of Laozi, he also holds a harmonious but different attitude. In his attitude towards life, there are two very important words, namely, the article "Human World" says:

If the shape is indifferent, if the heart is indifferent.

To be flexible, there is nothing better than accommodating others, that is, saying what others say is "taking things seriously" and "adapting to the environment". But if you just don't do it, you will become a villain who is blindly obsessed with the world and a cunning person. What is so expensive? So, be indifferent. The mind is harmonious. If you set a good purpose first, you will take a detour to achieve it. He went on to say:

I don't want to go in or go out. Form will enter, destroy and collapse; With all my heart, in the name of God, because the devil is evil.

Although he is indifferent, he should not be submerged in it and assimilated by the environment; Although your heart is indifferent, don't be sharp-edged and jealous of others. So he said:

He is a baby and he is also a baby; He has no town, and he has no town: he has no cliff, and he has no cliff. To achieve it, to be perfect.

This is his explanation of "harmony between form and spirit". Guy Zhuangzi was born in troubled times. The molecules of society are complex. The weak are often bullied, while talented people are sometimes envied. People cheat each other all day long, fighting for power and profit. He refused to live alone. He didn't want to live with it, so he couldn't help being invisible. He had this unusual idea. He vindicated the statement that "it is useless to use it" and advocated that "it is useless to use it", which is a smarter way to deal with troubled times. In this move, he gave various metaphors to illustrate the uselessness:

Pine also means that ships will sink, coffins will rot quickly, utensils will be destroyed quickly, liquids will cross, and columns will be sucked dry. It is a useless piece of wood, so it can be a block of life.

This is a useless tree. If you make it into a boat, it will sink. If you use it as a coffin, it will rot quickly. If you use it as a container, it will decompose quickly. If you make a door with it, you will get dirty pulp. If you make it into a pillar, there will be frogs and insects. This is a kind of tree that can't be used as material, because it is useless, so it can live for so long.

Loose wood is not cut down because its material is not suitable for anything useful. Oaks also survived because they were "useless". What is even more incredible is that the big tree "uphill" can still survive. The reason why you are free from an axe is because it is "useless". What is important is that it can produce poisonous gas that makes people "crazy and awake".

All these show that if you do nothing, you can avoid the sky and have fun. If you pursue usefulness, you will be bound and even die. "Fu pear orange pomelo, a fruit, is peeled when it is cooked, and it is humiliating when it is peeled; Big branches break, small branches leak. This is because it can live hard, so it is not the end of its life, but the middle way, and it is also a blow to the secular. Everything is nothing. " ("earthly things are used because they are useful, and improper or appropriate use will bring it a tragic ending. Appropriate, such as "Guangxi is edible, so cut; Lacquer can be used, so it is cut as "human"), and improper ones, such as "cut straight wood first, dry up the well first" ("mountain wood is still like this, people are more dangerous, but it is useless to avoid danger."

The reason why "hemorrhoids people" are exempt from "adapting to the river" and the reason why "scattered people" are exempt from "big service" is because they are useless. So Zhuangzi said, "Everyone knows what is useful, but he doesn't know what is useless." After knowing the useless use, you can be suddenly enlightened in the face of useful dangers. Useless is the great use of self-preservation.