The decrease of serum albumin concentration is the most prominent performance, but it is not sensitive enough. In recent years, plasma proteins, such as retinol-binding protein, prealbumin, thyroid-binding prealbumin and transferrin, have been considered to have early diagnostic value. In addition, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 is a good indicator for diagnosing malnutrition in protein. Serum amino acids, various serum enzyme activities, blood sugar, cholesterol and trace elements decreased, while growth hormone levels increased.