Historically, the official establishment of the Shu-Han regime was actually a watershed when Liu Bei defeated Cao and captured Hanzhong in 2 19. From 2 19, when Liu Bei became king, to 220, when Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, and then to 22 1, when Deng Aizhong was defeated, the Shu Dynasty lasted for more than 40 years. Then, why did it take Wei more than 40 years to eliminate it?
First of all, due to the war in the north, Wei's strength advantage is not so great. Wei needs rest to recover.
Taking the fourteen states of the Eastern Han Dynasty (Jizhou, Youzhou, Qingzhou, Bingzhou, Yanzhou, Yuzhou, Xuzhou, Sizhou, Yongzhou, Liangzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Jiaozhou and Yizhou) as a unit, when it is divided into three parts in 220, roughly Shu and Han will each occupy one state (Yizhou), while Soochow will occupy two and a half States (Jiaozhou and most of Yangzhou). But this is only in terms of territory or future potential.
(Some people look at it with a map and say that the three countries are almost the same size. However, the potential of a country depends not only on the area, but also on the cultivated land and the degree of development. According to the pattern of Han and Wei Dynasties, Hebei in the northern Central Plains is much more developed than Soochow in the southern Shu Kingdom, and the number base of the country can reflect the strength before the war. )
In fact, due to frequent wars in the north, the ten countries of Wei suffered more losses than the three and a half countries of Wu and Shu. According to statistics in the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, at the end of the Three Kingdoms, the registered population of the Three Kingdoms was roughly more than 4 million in Wei, nearly 6.5438+0 million in Shu and Han, and more than 2 million in Soochow. In other words, Wei is only four or five times that of Shu and Han, and about 1.5 times that of Wu and Shu. Of course, this statistic itself is only the "registered population". Considering that Wei may have a large number of hidden population and songs, it may not accurately reflect the strength of the three countries at that time, but it can be confirmed that Wei's advantages are not as great as the number of States. In particular, this refers to the data of the last years of the Three Kingdoms, when Wei had been restored for two generations. It can be predicted that in the early years of the Three Kingdoms, the influence of the Northern War was more serious, and Wei's advantage might be even smaller.
For Wei, because the advantage of its own strength is not too great now, its territory development potential is great. The best strategy, of course, is not to attack south for the time being, but to adopt a conservative strategy to hold on to the existing land and restore the economy. After decades of recovery, the strength of the two countries has further expanded, which led to the onslaught of Mount Tai. That's much better than trying to cook with uncooked rice when the strength advantage is not great. In 227, Wei Mingdi and Cao Rui planned to attack Shu Han, so Sun Tzu suggested that ... dividing lives according to various risks was enough to deter the strong bandits, pacify the territory, put the soldiers and tigers to sleep and make the people well. "In the past few years, China has flourished, and Wu Shu and Erlu will stop their disadvantages. "Wei has continued this strategy.
In fact, this strategy is very effective In the early days of the Three Kingdoms, the Shu and Han armies were more than 100,000 (Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition in 23410000), Wu Dong's troops were at least10000-200,000 (Sun Quan's deployment at the time of attack and merger10000), and Cao Wei's national strength was only about 300,000-400,000 (Battle of Red Cliffs sent troops to reduce its troops by 200,0 And Cao Wei's army has reached more than 500 thousand. Si Mazhao mobilized 260,000 troops to single-handedly pacify Huainan Three Rebellions; Deng Ai Zhong will send180,000 troops to destroy Shu, and also take 1 10000 as a post-war response. Coupled with the troops stationed in Dongwu and China in the same period, it shows that Wei Jun really widened the gap between Shu and Wu.
Therefore, "widening the gap between the two sides through stalemate" is an effective strategy of Wei, which can also explain why Wei Jun did not attack Wu and Shu earlier. Similarly, this in turn explains the rationality of Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wei, Zhuge Ke and others' continuous northern expedition. If you don't go to the Northern Expedition, you can only watch Wei realize this strategy of widening the gap. If you go to the Northern Expedition, you can at least try your luck when the strength gap is not so big, at least you can slow down the growth rate of this gap.
Another reason why it took Wei more than 40 years to destroy Shu was that there were foreign talents before. In the early days of China's history, Shu was a land of plenty, with many scholars, but few military and political talents. Take the Han Dynasty as an example. There are many famous people in Shu, such as Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong, but few famous ministers and good generals. Therefore, the military and political undertakings of Han Shu Group mainly rely on mainlanders in Sichuan (some of them entered Sichuan in the era of Ada and his son, such as Li Yan; Most of them were brought to Sichuan by Liu Bei from all over the country. Many of them are elites who have followed Liu Bei for decades and won the big waves. If Wei attacks at this time, he is likely to be hit head-on by these people. With the passage of time, these mainlanders gradually died of old age and illness, and it is difficult for the new second and third generations to continue the ability of their ancestors. The whole Shu Han people are weak and easier to win.
The last reason why Wei destroyed Shu for more than 40 years is that Wei himself has been in turmoil for power and interests. After Cao Rui's death in 239, the first was the confrontation between Sima Yi and Cao Shuang. In 249, after Sima Yi staged a coup in Ping Ling to destroy Cao Shuang, the struggle between Sima Yi and Cao Zhi came to a climax. First Sima Yi hit the tomb, then Sima Shi abolished Cao Fang and destroyed Qiu Jian, and then Si Mazhao destroyed Zhuge Dan and Cao Mao ... These infighting consumed Cao Wei's national strength on the one hand, and more importantly, made Cao Wei's top management unable to deal with Shu Han all the time.
It was not until 260 that Si Mazhao killed Cao Mao and established Cao Huan. Three years later, the internal relations were basically clarified, and he made his free hand to attack Shu Han. At this time, the contradiction between Jiang Wei, Huang Hao and Zhuge Zhan led to the disintegration of the national defense system, so Wei Jun marched straight into Hanzhong. Nevertheless, it took Wei Jun nearly a year to destroy Shu Han.
Although Wei is not short of food, it is also difficult to destroy the Shu-Han regime. Fighting for grain is only one aspect, and we can't win with grain. Judging from the situation of the three countries, Wei is the strongest and the weakest, so he is linked with peace. If Wei attacks any country, another country will attack Wei, so Wei will be in danger of fighting on both sides. Therefore, Wei's best strategy is to wait and see, save your strength, and when the two countries change, choose the right opportunity to fight and destroy one country in one fell swoop. The purpose of fighting is to save oneself and destroy the enemy. Time can be longer, but dangerous tactics cannot be adopted.
From the internal reasons of Shu Han, Liu Bei was invincible in the early stage, Zhuge Liang practiced his internal skills in the middle stage, and Liu Adou recuperated in the later stage. Therefore, it is unrealistic to attack Shu Han quickly. In the early stage, Cao Cao personally led the three armies to capture Hanzhong, and Liu Bei personally marched to meet them, defeating Cao Jun in one fell swoop and recovering Hanzhong. Since then, Wei has been on the defensive against Shu and has never taken the initiative to attack Shu. After Liu Bei's personal expedition failed, Wei planned to take the opportunity to recover Jingzhou. As a result, Shu and Han quickly formed an alliance and eventually fell through. In the middle period, Zhuge Liang went to Wei six times. Although there was no gain, Wei defended because of Zhuge Liang's prestige. After Zhuge Liang's death, Jiang Wei made many expeditions to Wei, which led to instability within the Shu-Han regime, so Wei sent two partial divisions to Shu and defeated Shu in one fell swoop.
Choose the right time to fight, wait patiently when there is not enough time, and then seize the fighter plane to attack. If there are no fighters, don't be impatient, and understand that haste makes waste. For example, the fiasco of Cao Cao and Battle of Red Cliffs shows that the more anxious he is about reunification, the worse the result will be; Liu Bei thought that he was old, and if he didn't attack Wu and destroy Wei, it would be difficult for the Han family to recover, so he personally conquered Wu Dong and eventually returned in a fiasco. Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei, regardless of their weak national strength, launched many wars to destroy Wei. As a result, Wei didn't die, so they died first. Wu Dong is a swing, it is very good at choosing the right time. For a while, we joined forces with Shu to attack Wei, and for a while we joined forces with Wei to attack Shu. Finally, it has the longest life.
Wei is not short of food, and Wei Jun has been short of food since Shu.
When Wei attacked Shu, he was always trapped by grain and grass.
Since the Cao Cao era, Cao Wei has been trapped in grain and grass since he attacked Hanzhong.
In the battle of Hanzhong, Liu Bei decided that it was difficult for Cao Cao to transport grain and adopted the strategy of "defending against danger+attacking with grain and grass". As a result, Cao Cao worked hard for half a year and was deadlocked for two months before quitting.
Cao Zhen attacked Shu Han. It rained heavily and the grain transportation failed, so we retreated without much fighting.
Fight for prosperity. Cao Shuang's army is on the rise. Strong traffic on the border can't guarantee the supply of grain and grass. A large number of cows, horses, mules and donkeys died in transportation, and the grain carriers cried on the road.
Even after the end of the war to destroy Shu, Wei Jun was still struggling with food and grass.
When Zhong Hui was blocked by Jiang Wei in Jiange, Wei Jun prepared to withdraw his troops first because of difficulties in grain transportation. If it weren't for Wargo's strange trick of smuggling level tone, Shu Han wouldn't have been destroyed for a while.
In fact, don't say this is a battle against Shu Han. Cao Cao and Zhang Lu, who conquered Hanzhong, almost fell short because of grain and grass.
Why is this happening?
It is difficult to provide food.
Wei attacked Shu just as Shu attacked Wei.
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition had a headache for the difficulty of grain transportation, and Wei naturally had the same trouble.
Wei and Shu attacked and cut off the passage. Guanzhong and Hanzhong were separated by Qinling Mountains, and the mountains were dangerous and difficult to travel. Even the direction of Longyou, which Zhuge Liang said was "safe from the Tao", is a long way to go.
Even on sunny days, such transportation is extremely difficult. In case of heavy rain, muddy roads and flash floods, it is almost difficult to transport grain.
Of course, it is more difficult for Wei to attack Shu than for Shu to attack Wei.
Because: For a long time, the relationship between Qiang and Cao Wei was tense.
When Cao Cao levied Zhang Lu, he also struggled to break the border of Wudu to enter Hanzhong smoothly.
Of course, the Shu road is difficult, as it has always been. However, during the Three Kingdoms period, it was rarely so difficult for the northern regime to level off Shu.
Why is this?
Broken Guanzhong
Shu has always been cut in the north, and Guanzhong is the material basis.
Guanzhong, with Chang 'an as the center, has always been a land of wealth. However, there were some exceptions in Guanzhong during the Cao Wei period.
Before Cao Wei took over Guanzhong, Guanzhong area was controlled by Liangzhou Group for a long time.
Li Jue, Guo Si and others plundered wealth and fought with each other in Guanzhong. Later, Han Sui, Marten and other Liangzhou warlords attacked each other in Guanzhong, and the destruction in Guanzhong was extremely serious. A large number of people in Guanzhong moved to Jingzhou and Yizhou, which has been broken.
Therefore, the supply line to conquer Hanzhong and Cao Wei is particularly long.
Cao Wei is so big, is it possible to get support from other places?
Difficult!
The county is broken.
Cao Cao tried "the mode of supporting from all directions".
During the Cao Cao period, when fighting in Hanzhong, Hedong, Nanyang, Yuzhou and other places cooperated with Guanzhong in charge of grain, grass and civilian workers.
As a result, Wancheng and Yuzhou were overwhelmed and various places revolted. They cooperated with Guan Yu, a great hero of China, and Cao Cao was almost beaten to move the capital.
Because: everyone is not rich.
The chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, the destruction in the Central Plains was extremely serious. "White bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles."
Every county is in the recovery stage and life is difficult. I really don't have much support.
Therefore, Wei Liufang once pointed out that blindly using troops in Hanzhong will inevitably lead to world turmoil. This is by no means empty talk.
Wu "sucked" Wei Jun's hay.
Wu also "sucked" Wei Jun's hay.
Wei has maintained 654.38 million troops in Jingzhou, Yangzhou and other places for a long time, which is twice that of Shu.
However, Jingzhou and Yangzhou, which were originally rich, also need foreign support!
Yangzhou battlefield. At that time, Cao Cao moved the population of Huainan, and the grain production capacity of Huainan was greatly weakened. The army there needs the support of grain and grass from the Central Plains.
Jingzhou battlefield. Jianghan Plain was originally a land of fish and rice. However, due to Wu Jun's mastery of Jiangling, Wei dared not take Jianghan Plain as the grain production base.
Therefore, if Wei wants to fully attack Shu, there is really not enough food and grass.
break the balance
The long-term struggle between Wei, Wu and Shu is the actual embodiment of power contrast.
However, with the passage of time, the balance of power naturally tends to Wei.
During the confrontation, Wei Shuwu's economy was recovering.
However, at that time, the economic base and development degree of the North was far better than that of the South.
Therefore, Wei's growth is restorative, similar to Japan after World War II.
Although Wu and Shu suffered little in the war, the territory of Shu is narrow, the development foundation of most parts of Wu is weak, and the economic growth potential is very limited.
Therefore, from the beginning, Wei adopted a "defensive strategy." Strategically, we should not actively attack Shu, insist on avoiding war and develop the economy.
Sima yi repaired water conservancy and cultivated land in Guanzhong, and the Guanzhong economy was restored; Wargo planned Huainan Tunjun, which also made Huainan Wei Jun self-sufficient.
With the economic recovery, the advantages of Wei (Jin) are becoming more and more obvious.
The balance of power was broken.
The history of tripartite confrontation is coming to an end.
Wei Shuwu's tripartite confrontation is the embodiment of the comprehensive strength of all parties at that time.
If they want to defeat their opponents, they must not only defeat the enemy, but also overcome natural obstacles, which is very difficult.
If you want to change the situation, you need an overwhelming advantage.
Wei and Shu have almost the same general ability, and no one has an overwhelming advantage. So Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wei, Cao Zhen and Cao Shuang all failed.
Wei's "defense strategy" gradually made Wei gain an overwhelming advantage in national strength. Finally, the balance of power was changed and Shu was destroyed.
It took Wei 43 years to destroy Shu, not because of lack of food or soldiers, but because of the "heart" of destroying Shu. In fact, Wei originally lacked the will to destroy Shu.
During the period of Wei Wendi, Cao Wei's strategy was to sit still and watch the tiger kill and kick Wu Dong.
In 220 AD, Cao Pi abolished Han and built Wei. That is, in this year, Guan Yu was defeated by Monroe in the battle of Xiangfan, Guan Yu died, and Liu Bei lost Jingzhou, a strategic place. The following year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Yizhou. In order to retake Jingzhou and avenge Guan Yu, he launched the Yiling War and led an army to attack Wu Dong. In the face of the menacing Shu army, Soochow failed to make peace, just like Cao Wei in the north, in order to obtain foreign aid.
In the face of surrender, some people in Cao, Wei and Zhao suggested that Shu and Wu take advantage of the struggle to send troops to unify the whole country. As a result, Cao Pi chose to wait and die, and missed this opportunity in vain.
What Cao Pi didn't expect was that Sun Quan turned pages faster than turning pages. After defeating Shu Han in the battle of Yiling, he quickly restored the alliance between Shu and Wu, and once again regarded Cao Wei as an enemy. As a result, Cao Pi hated it from then on, and then attacked Wu three times, but all of them failed.
In Wei Mingdi period, due to the continuous northern expedition of Shu Han, Cao Wei shifted the strategy of fighting against Shu. But at this time, Cao Wei did not destroy the heart of Shu.
During the Wei Mingdi period, Zhuge Liang, a political figure in Shu and Han Dynasties, frequently organized Northern Expeditions, and became famous for attacking the peaceful and cool land of Cao and Wei under the banner of recovering the Han Dynasty. At this time, the Cao Shi clan of Cao Wei could not be reused, and the important task of the joint army against the enemy could only rely on Sima Yi. Sima yi, who is well versed in politics, also understands the truth that "birds do their best to bow and hide" and that only when the threat of Shu continues can it not be destroyed by Cao Zhi.
Therefore, Sima Yi fought against Shu Han for many years, but no matter whether the situation was good or bad, he never had the determination and thought to destroy Shu Han in one fell swoop. This is also the reason why Shu Han was able to consume national strength in the Northern Expeditions again and again, without attracting Cao Wei's full revenge.
When Sima Yi came to power, Sima Yi was too busy suppressing internal affairs to destroy Shu.
After Wei Mingdi's death, Sima Yi launched the change of Gao Pingling, which wiped out the forces of Cao Shuang in one fell swoop. Since then, although Sima Yi held the power of Cao Wei, Cao Wei was loyal to Cao Shi and opposed the autocratic forces of Sima, and constantly rose up and rebelled. Therefore, in his later years, Sima Yi was always busy suppressing and eliminating the internal forces against him in Cao Wei, and didn't pay any attention to Shu Han at all.
It was not until after Sima Yi that his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao completely controlled the power of Cao Wei and began to launch a war to destroy Shu.
Obviously, the serious Cao Wei could not be resisted by the weak Shu Han. After all, the population is less than a quarter of that of Cao Wei, and the social productivity of Shu is far less than that of Cao Wei who lives in the Central Plains. Therefore, within a few months, Shu Han was destroyed by Cao Wei.
To sum up, Cao Wei failed to destroy Shu Han, whose national strength was far less than his own, in a short time, not because of Cao Wei's military strength and food, nor because Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei were too strong, but because Cao Wei never really thought of destroying Shu for a long time.
Author: Cheap
Wei is rich in food? Is there any evidence? It makes sense to say that the land of fish came from Wu. The battle of Cao Cao was nothing more than robbing Jiangnan to enrich the people's wisdom. Is Cao Wei going to lay the foundation of Wu, Shu and grain shortage in Jiangnan? Even salt, fish and rice are scarce. So it is intended to rob Jiangnan, fishermen. [angry] [cool drag] [cover your face] [hit your face] [laugh] [yawn] [vomit blood]
The victory or defeat of a war can never be decided by food and grass alone, let alone destroy a country. Although the regime changes in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries in the Southern and Northern Dynasties were so frequent, in fact, many of them blossomed internally, and it was basically the usurpation of power that made the regime change so frequently.
It is generally difficult for two rival regimes to destroy each other. This can be seen clearly from the Southern and Northern Dynasties. This is especially true during the Three Kingdoms period.
Generally speaking, a country is about to be overthrown, and this country is bound to be a situation in which the monarch is fatuous, the government is corrupt, the national strength is low, and the people are in poverty.
This was not the case in the early Shu Han Dynasty.
I divide Shu Han into several periods here: pre-main period, Zhuge Liang period, post-Zhuge Liang period and Jiang Wei period.
label
It took Cao Wei so many years to destroy Shu Han, and it was not a matter of less food and more food at all. But the cost of destroying Shu Han is too high. Even in the end, when Shu Han was destroyed in 263 AD, nearly 200,000 troops were sent to attack Shu Han in three ways. When Shu Han didn't react, Hanzhong had been shot down, but the army was blocked by Jiang Wei. If Deng Ai hadn't taken the road of fair competition and won Chengdu directly, Shu Han might not have perished.
In addition, another condition that Shu Han was destroyed was that Soochow had no time to rescue him. Under normal circumstances, the weak and the strong alliance * * * confrontation, storm either side, the other side will attack the strong or rescue. At that time, Soochow failed to attack Cao Wei enough to contain Cao Wei's army. At the same time, domestic political power alternated frequently, and civil strife consumed a lot of national strength and energy, so that it was too late to support Shu Han at the first time, so that later on the road of support, the news that Shu Han was destroyed was obtained.
From this result, we can know that the cost of eliminating Shu Han is too high. The main reasons are:
Among the three pillars, Wei has the largest territory and the strongest comprehensive strength. It took 43 years to destroy Shu Han because:
First, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yellow turban insurrectionary led to chaos in the world and thieves were rampant. The northern part of the Central Plains occupied by Wei suffered the most. Many villages are empty, the population drops sharply, and a large number of people flee to the south. Yizhou occupied by Liu Bei was the most populous state at that time, followed by Jingzhou in Soochow. Therefore, although Wei has a vast territory, it needs a long time to rest and recover.
Second, Shu is surrounded by natural disasters, which are easy to defend but difficult to attack. Li Taibai, a poet, said, "It's hard to get through the Shu Road and get into the sky." Because of the inconvenient transportation in ancient times, he surrendered to Liu Chan, the gateway of Shu, and Jiange, the gateway of Shu, was not conquered.
Third, in the early stage, Shu was stronger than Ma Zhuang, and Shu and Wu formed an alliance. Wei is worried that if Shu is conquered and Wu invades, it will be uneconomical to fight on two fronts.
Fourth, the established national policy of Shu is "Northern Expedition". Zhuge Liang went to Qishan seven times, and Jiang Wei sent troops for years, all of which were captured. During the war between Shu and Wei, Wei was more defensive, forcing Shu, which was short of grain and grass, to withdraw its troops by fixing the wall and clearing the field. So Shu didn't take much advantage, and Wei didn't lose much.
Fifth, because Cao Pi Cao Rui could not be the father of Wei, the imperial power fell, and Cao's forces fought against Sima's family several times, which made Wei unstable. When the Sima family completely controlled Wei, its comprehensive strength weakened, and it was busy with infighting for a long time, unable to cut Shu. In the political situation of Shu, Zhuge Liang presided over state affairs when he was there; After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan returned to power. Although Huang Hao is bossy, he is generally controllable and relatively stable in Wei.
Above, five reasons determine that Shu will not be destroyed by Wei in the short term!
Although Wei is indeed the strongest of the three countries, Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain to help Liu Beishi plan a plan to unite Wu against Cao, which made the powerful Wei face the attack of Shu and Wu at the same time. Under the advantage of Shu and Wu, one plus one is greater than two, Wei once had to seek merit but nothing to protect himself.
Although the battle of Yiling was triggered by Wu's recapture of Jingzhou by force, Shu and Wu have actually split, which should have been a godsend opportunity for Wei to fall apart one by one. However, shortly after the battle of Yiling, Liu Bei died of illness, and Zhuge Liang completely controlled the regime of Shu.
Cao Wei wanted to attack Dongwu. Wu has the natural barrier of the Yangtze River as a barrier, and will not be able to fight for a while; Attack Shu to the east, and Shu has a natural barrier. Although the attack is insufficient, under the command of Zhuge Liang, the defense is more than enough.
The key is that Shu and Wu have become horns, echoing each other from afar. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang did not intend to retaliate against Wu for the sake of the overall situation of the world. Instead, he continued to repair the relationship between Shu and Wu.
Although Shu and Wu will never be as close as their former nepotistic relatives, once Wei conquers one of them, both countries will understand that their lips are dead and their teeth are cold, and they will definitely put aside their differences and fish in troubled waters. Then Wei will be caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and the loss will outweigh the gain.
Therefore, Wei's strategy is to change with the constant, because Wei has the advantages of population, scale and national strength, and it is more beneficial for them if time is consumed.
Especially after the death of Cao Pi, when Sima Yi began to monopolize power, Sima Yi's attitude towards Zhuge Liang, a wise man in heaven, was to live in peace and wait and see. Sima Yi is a man with great political mind and strategic determination. No matter how he treats foreign enemies or internal affairs, he always uses a word of consumption. He regarded Cao Pi as his family and Zhuge Liang as a foreign invasion, leaving a peaceful country to future generations.
Sure enough, Zhuge Liang died soon, and Shu fell into recession. With the death of Zhuge Liang, Shu was not only divided internally, but also could no longer be consistent with Sun Wu's regime, which had undergone drastic diplomatic changes. Wei finally waited for the long-awaited opportunity, and he was killed in one blow, destroying Shu first and then Wu, unifying the whole country and establishing the Jin Dynasty.
Wei is not short of food, but it is short of food in other ways, especially in the battle with Shu. It is impossible not to prepare for a protracted war.
Event review
First of all, let's take a look at why Wei never lacked food when fighting, and this one never lacked food, which is basically absolute.
When we open the map, it is not difficult to find that the land occupied by Cao Wei has a place called the central plains grain-producing area, in addition to Liaodong and the western regions and a North China plain.
There are only a few places in this pile, and the grain can be continuously produced, which is countless times more than that of Wu Dong and Han Shu.
It's just that the amount of food is often a prerequisite for winning or losing a battle. This premise is not necessary, nor is it 100% sure.
Cao Wei has a lot of grain, but in comparison, attacking Shu Han is not as simple as we thought.
Yes, it's true.
We found that in the middle and late Shu Han Dynasty, although there were not many talents, there was one Zhuge Liang, and one Zhuge Liang could top 10 or even 50 talents.
At this time, Cao Wei, not to mention attacking Shu Han, you should always be on guard against the sudden counterattack of Shu Han. Shu Han's ability to dig holes and shoot dirty guns almost reached its peak. Zhuge Liang cut Wei many times, which made Cao Wei have a psychological shadow.
In the middle and late period, with the death of Zhuge Liang, the national strength of Shu Han gradually weakened, but even so, it was impossible to fight, because the national strength of Shu Han was weak, but the road to Sichuan was very difficult.
When we were young, we read such a poem: Shu Dao is difficult to pass, Shu Dao is difficult to pass ..... Well, there seems to be a few words behind, I forgot, but it's almost the same. This poem just tells us that the Shu Road is difficult to walk.
Under such a premise, it is almost more difficult to attack Shu.
Do you think you don't want to destroy Shu in World War I?
It's not that Cao Wei doesn't want to die, but that he can't. Many people will compare the population and strength of Shu Han when it perished, but don't forget that it took Cao Wei decades to restore these population and strength.
It can be said that before the tripartite confrontation, local governors were at war for years, and the population in the north was empty, but the most populous counties were Yizhou and Jingzhou. In this case, especially after Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Wei must consider the issue of rest.
What's more, Cao Wei faced foreign enemies not only Shu Han and Soochow, but also Gongsun Yuan in Liaodong, Xiongnu in the north, Xianbei and Qiang in the western regions. It can be said that Cao Wei could not concentrate his main force and material resources to conquer Shu Han.
In addition, there are geographical factors. It's not for fun, it's really hard to walk. Later, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition faced difficulties, and Cao Wei's expedition to Shu Han also needed to face them. The food and grass are not good. If it rains continuously, he will be finished if he doesn't hit himself.
The most important thing is to look at the weaknesses of Shu Han with modern thinking. At the end of the Han Dynasty, a country like Shu Han, which could organize more than 654.38 million troops, was not weak. Don't be misled by time and space.