1, different classifications
Carbohydrates are divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. There are three kinds of glycoconjugates: glycolipid, glycoprotein and proteoglycan.
Starch includes amylose and amylopectin. Amylose contains hundreds of glucose units while amylopectin contains thousands of glucose units.
2. Different uses
Carbohydrate:
(1) universal function
Carbohydrates are the main components and energy-supplying substances in the structure of living cells and play an important role in regulating cell activities.
(2) Normal needs
According to the actual intake of dietary carbohydrates in China and the World Health Organization. According to FAO's suggestion, the carbohydrate supply of healthy people in China will account for 55%-65% of the total energy intake in 2002.
Starch:
(1) Energy provided for human body
(2) Hydrogen production
Starch is first decomposed into maltose by salivary amylase in human body, and then maltose is decomposed into glucose. Glucose glycolysis produces pyruvate, pyruvate or starch, which is directly decomposed into glucose-1-P, which is an intermediate product of glycolysis (this part can not be fully mixed with saliva). Then pyruvate is produced.
Pyruvate combines with enzymes to produce acetyl coenzyme A, and then enters the citric acid cycle. Sir, this is made of citric acid. Every glucose consumed in the citric acid cycle produces 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 (electron carriers). Then in the mitochondrial membrane structure, these electrons produce a lot of ATP and energy through ATPase.
Extended data:
The main physiological functions of carbohydrates:
1, an important substance that constitutes the body;
2. store and provide heat energy;
3. Energy necessary to maintain brain function;
4. Regulating fat metabolism;
5. Provide dietary fiber;
6. Save protein;
7、? Anti-ketogenic effect;
8. Detoxification;
9. Enhance intestinal function.
Baidu encyclopedia-starch
Baidu encyclopedia-carbohydrates