The origin of long summer solar terms
On May 5 or 6 every year, when the sun reaches 45, it is the "long summer" solar term. This season was established at the end of the Warring States period (239 BC), indicating the change of seasons, and it was the day when the four seasons were divided into summer according to the lunar calendar in ancient times. For example, The Interpretation of Yizhoushu Poems says: "On a long summer day, the sound is like cricket. On the fifth day, the earthworm came out. Another five days, Wang Guasheng. " It describes the phenological scene at the beginning of Xia Meng. "Twenty-four solar terms" said: "It was also the beginning of long summer, when Xia Zhishi was established and everything was false." The "false" here, that is, "big", means that the plants sown in spring have grown upright. In fact, according to the standard of climatology, the daily average temperature rises to above 22℃ steadily, starting from summer. Before and after the "Long Summer", only the area south of Fuzhou-Nanling Line in China is really "the shadows of trees are deep in summer, and the balcony is reflected like a pond", while the northeast and northwest parts have just entered the spring, and the average temperature in most parts of the country is around 18 ~ 20℃, which is true. In May, Sophora japonica blooms in many places.
In the long summer, everything is thriving. The book "Eight Chapters of Lotus Life" written by the Ming Dynasty said: "On the day of summer dream, heaven and earth began to merge and everything was beautiful." At this time, the summer harvest crops entered the late growth stage, the winter wheat blossomed and filled, the rape was close to maturity, and the summer harvest crops were basically a foregone conclusion that year. Therefore, there is a saying in agricultural proverbs that "see summer in the long summer". Rice planting and management of other spring-sown crops have also entered a busy season. Therefore, China has always attached great importance to the long summer solar terms. According to records, during the Zhou Dynasty, on the day of long summer, the emperor personally led hundreds of civil and military officials to the suburbs to "welcome summer" and instructed Si Tuleideng and other officials to encourage farmers to work hard. After the long summer, Jiangnan officially entered the rainy season, and the rainfall and rainy days increased significantly. Continuous rainy days not only caused wet damage to crops. It will also cause the prevalence of many diseases. The heading and flowering period of wheat is the most susceptible period to scab. If warm but rainy weather is expected in the future, close attention should be paid to spraying chemicals from the early flowering period to the full flowering period. Cotton in southern China often causes outbreaks of anthracnose, damping-off and other diseases under the weather conditions of continuous rain or sudden warming and cold, resulting in large-scale dead seedlings and lack of seedlings. Necessary measures to increase temperature and reduce humidity should be taken in time, combined with chemical control to protect seedlings and strive for strong seedlings. "There are many kinds of seedlings in the long summer, and more millet is harvested in Man Cang", and it is the red season of early rice transplanting in the north and south of the Yangtze River before and after the long summer. Full-moon seedlings can be planted, but full-moon grass can't be planted. At this time, the temperature is still low. Immediately after planting seedlings, we should strengthen management, topdressing early, ploughing early, controlling pests early and promoting development early. Pay close attention to tail sweeping when sowing mid-season rice. At this time, the spring shoots of tea trees develop fastest. If we ignore them, tea leaves will get old. As the saying goes, "Grain Rain picks less, but doesn't pick it in the long summer", so we should concentrate our efforts and harvest it by surprise in batches.
Before and after the long summer, the temperature in North China and Northwest China rose rapidly, but the precipitation was still not much. In addition, the wind is strong and evaporation is strong in spring. Atmospheric dryness and soil drought often seriously affect the normal growth of crops. Especially, the dry hot wind before and after wheat filling and milk ripening is an important disastrous weather that leads to yield reduction, and timely irrigation is the key measure for drought resistance and disaster prevention. "hoes are everywhere for three days in the long summer", when weeds grow rapidly. "Don't mow the grass for one day, and don't mow it for three days." Intertillage weeding can not only weed, resist drought and prevent waterlogging, but also increase the ground temperature and accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients, which is of great significance to promote the robust growth of crops such as cotton, corn, sorghum and peanuts at seedling stage.
What food does Chang Xia eat?
wheat
Wheat is rich in starch, protein and minerals. Many people eat wheat and wheat products in the long summer. Wheat tastes good at this time. Many people will fry wheat directly in the pot as a snack, or just eat some bread, cakes and noodles made of wheat.
Fuling
Poria cocos is a Chinese herbal medicine. It is found that Poria cocos contains a lot of organic acids and protein, which has a good effect on nourishing the body and improving people's immunity. Moreover, Poria cocos can also help fight tumors and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in the human body. Therefore, it is also healthy to eat poria cocos in the long summer.
There are many ways to eat poria cocos, and compatibility with other Chinese herbal medicines can play a very powerful role. You can also eat poria cocos at home. For example, Cantonese people like to use Poria cocos as the ingredient of chicken soup, or Poria cocos, red beans and coix seed porridge, which helps to dispel dampness and drive away cold in summer.
Eggs (of hens)
In the long summer, there are different customs all over the country, but when it comes to the classic food in the long summer, the only thing is "long summer eggs". On the day of long summer, many people start to cook "long summer eggs", usually with tea powder or walnut shells, and then watch the eggshells turn red slowly, making the house delicious. Eat the tea eggs while they are hot. When eating, pour good wine and sprinkle some fine salt in it. The wine is fragrant.
Why do you want to eat "long summer eggs" in long summer? The custom of "eating eggs in the long summer" has a long history. As the saying goes, "if you eat eggs in the long summer, it will not be summer when it is hot." According to legend, since the day of long summer, the weather has been sunny and warm, and it has gradually become hot. Many people, especially children, will feel tired, lose their appetite and gradually lose weight. This is the so-called "squat". Nu Wa Niangniang told the people that every year during the Long Summer Festival, children hang cooked chicken, duck and goose eggs on their chests to escape the heat. Therefore, the custom of eating eggs in the long summer festival has continued to this day.
The ancients in our country believed that the round egg symbolized the perfection of life. Eating eggs on this day in long summer can pray for peace and stand the test of "summer". We know that long summer is usually in April of the lunar calendar. "Eggs in April are as cheap as vegetables", and people will cook eggs in the remaining "seven-fen tea" and turn them into "tea eggs".
Long summer healthy diet therapy
1: yam, red date and bean cake
50 grams of yam, 30 grams of lentils, 5 grams of dried tangerine peel, 50 grams of jujube meat, 0/50 grams of sticky powder/kloc, and a proper amount of sugar. First, wash the yam and lentils and cook them in a pot, shred the jujube meat, add appropriate amount of water to paste, add yam, lentils and jujube meat and mix well, add appropriate amount of sugar, pour them into a plate and steam them in the pot. It has the effect of invigorating spleen and benefiting qi.
Hawthorn malt beverage: hawthorn 15g, raw malt 30g, radix Pseudostellariae 15g, and bamboo leaves 10g. Cleaning Fructus Crataegi, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Radix Pseudostellariae and Folium Bambusae, boiling with water, and soaking for 65438 05 minutes. It can be used as a substitute for tea, and has the effects of invigorating qi, clearing heart, invigorating spleen and resolving food stagnation.
2. Yiqi Yangxin porridge
30 grams of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, 30 grams of yam, 30 grams of lotus seeds and 200 grams of japonica rice. Wash Pseudostellaria heterophylla, yam, lotus seeds and japonica rice, put them in a pot, add appropriate amount of water, and cook until the rice is rotten. It has the effects of invigorating spleen and benefiting qi, nourishing yin and clearing heart.
3. Monopterus albus
Monopterus albus 150g, ginger juice 10ml, japonica rice 500g, refined salt and peanut oil. Slaughtering Monopterus albus, eviscerating, deboning, cleaning, slicing, placing in a dish, and mixing with ginger juice, refined salt and peanut oil. Put the washed japonica rice into a casserole, add a proper amount of water, boil it with high fire first, and then cook it with low fire. After the water content is reduced by half, put the eel on the rice and continue cooking until the rice is cooked. Has the effects of tonifying liver and kidney, regulating middle energizer and invigorating stomach.
4: Shengmai Drink
Pseudostellaria heterophylla 15g, Ophiopogon japonicus 10g, Schisandra chinensis 5g. Decoction is suitable for all ages, benefiting qi and nourishing yin. It is the best summer drink for sweating. In addition, you can also use medicated diet for aftercare.
5: Duck and Winter Melon Soup
500g of wax gourd, 500g of duck meat, 0g of lean pork 1 00g, 50g of gordon euryales and coix seed, 50g of lotus leaf1slice, 5g of dried tangerine peel, and proper amount of refined salt and monosodium glutamate. Wash and cut duck and pig lean meat, wash and cut wax gourd with skin, and wash and cut lotus leaves. Put duck meat, lean meat, wax gourd, lotus leaf, Gordon Euryale seed, Coix seed and dried tangerine peel into a casserole, add appropriate amount of water, first boil it with strong fire, then cook it with low fire until the duck meat is cooked, and then add refined salt and monosodium glutamate to serve. Eat meat and drink soup when serving. Has the effects of nourishing yin and liver, invigorating spleen and promoting diuresis.