Fish swimming in the water: learned to swim and invented the submarine.
One-piece shark suit: The first generation shark suit imitates the shark's skin, and some rough dentate protrusions are designed on the swimsuit to effectively guide the water flow, tighten the body and avoid the vibration of the skin and muscles. The second generation of shark clothing has added some new highlights, adding a material called "elastic skin", which can reduce people's resistance in water by 4%.
The tortoise carries a tortoise: a tank with a rotating turret.
Let the blind see the light: After implanting tiny bionic retina, three blind patients not only saw flashing or moving light spots, but even successfully distinguished cups and plates with their eyes.
Synthetic spider silk: Spider silk contains a fibrin similar to keratin in hair and horns. This protein began to become tough after it was secreted. By carefully balancing the moisture content, spiders and silkworms can prevent fibrin from curing too fast.
Dragonfly-airplane; (helicopter)
Fast scanning system
Fly odor detector
Mantis sickle
Electric fish and volt batteries. Through the anatomical study of the electric fish, it is found that there is a strange power generation organ in the electric fish. Italian physicist Volt designed the world's earliest voltaic battery based on electric fish power generation organs.
Jellyfish Ear: A storm predictor for jellyfish ears, which accurately simulates the organs that jellyfish feel infrasound.
animal bionics
Biologists have made high-grade silk threads, tear-resistant parachutes and high-strength cables for temporary suspension bridges through the study of spider silk. Ships and submarines are modeled after fish and dolphins.
Rattlesnake missiles are modern weapons developed by scientists imitating the "hot eye" function of snakes and their tongues are arranged with a natural infrared sensing ability like a camera.
The rocket takes off by using the recoil principle of jellyfish and squid.
Researchers have developed many military camouflage equipment for the army by studying the chameleon's color-changing ability.
Scientists studied frog eyes and invented electronic frog eyes.
Termites not only use adhesive to build their anthills, but also spray adhesive on their enemies through small tubes in their heads. So people made a working weapon-dry rubber shell according to the same principle.
The US Air Force has developed a miniature thermal sensor through the "hot eye" function of poisonous snakes.
Drawing lessons from the bionics principle and the fur structure of terrestrial animals, Chinese textile scientists have designed a small barrel warm fabric with the functions of wind resistance and moisture conduction.
According to the principle that the rattlesnake's buccal fossa can feel the temperature change of 0.00 1℃, human beings invented the tracking and chasing rattlesnake missile.
Humans also used the principle of leapfrog to design a toad rammer.
Humans imitate the highly sensitive sense of smell of police dogs and create "electronic police dogs" for investigation.
Scientists have made the first batch of gas masks in the world according to the unique drug detection ability of wild boar nose.
Ultrasound was invented through bats,
Sonar was invented by dolphins. beetle
When the beetle defends itself, it can spray a smelly high-temperature liquid "shell" to confuse, stimulate and scare the enemy. After dissection, scientists found that there are three chambers in the beetle body, which store dihydric phenol solution, hydrogen peroxide and biological enzyme respectively. Diphenol and hydrogen peroxide flow into the third chamber and mix with biological enzyme to have a chemical reaction, which instantly becomes venom at 100℃ and is quickly ejected. This principle has been applied to military technology at present. During World War II, the German Nazis made a new engine with huge power and safe and reliable performance according to this mechanism, which was installed on cruise missiles, making it fly faster, safer and more stable, and improving the hit rate. London, England suffered heavy losses when it was bombed. American military experts have developed advanced binary weapons inspired by the principle of beetle spraying. This weapon contains two or more chemicals that can produce toxins in two separate containers. After the projectile was launched, the diaphragm broke, and the two poison intermediates mixed and reacted within 8- 10 seconds of the projectile's flight, producing deadly venom at the moment when it reached the target and killed the enemy. They are easy to produce, store and transport, safe and not easy to fail. Fireflies can directly convert chemical energy into light energy, and the conversion efficiency reaches 100%, while the luminous efficiency of ordinary electric lamps is only 6%. The cold light source made by people imitating the luminous principle of fireflies can improve luminous efficiency by more than ten times and save energy greatly. In addition, an air-to-ground speedometer based on beetle apparent motion response mechanism has been successfully applied to aviation. Agree with 7| Comment (1) 201-3-2919: 3513417570177 | Level II.
In our country, there have long been examples of imitating creatures. According to legend, in more than 3000 BC, our ancestor Youchao imitated birds to build nests in trees to prevent the harm of wild animals. More than 4000 years ago, our ancestors "turned into cars when they saw the flying canopy", that is, they invented wheels when they saw the flying canopy rotating with the wind and made cars with wheels. The architecture of the mountain gate in front of the main hall of an ancient temple looks like an elephant in terms of its architectural structure. The pillar is round and thick, like an elephant's leg.
The industrious and brave working people in ancient China had long had all kinds of wonderful fantasies about the blue sea, the blue sky and the soaring goshawk. According to the historical records of Qin and Han dynasties, more than two thousand years ago, our people invented kites and applied them to military liaison. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lu Ban, a craftsman of the State of Lu, first began to develop flying wooden birds. He was inspired by a kind of toothed grass blade that can cut the skin and invented the saw. According to Du Yang Miscellaneous Magazine, there was a Han nationality He Zhi in the Tang Dynasty, who said, "He is good at carving wood into the shapes of phoenix, crane, crow and magpie. When he drinks and pecks, it is no different from the truth. When he puts it on his abdomen, he can fly in the air, but it can be as high as 30 feet to 120 feet, and then he begins to descend. " During the Western Han Dynasty, some people made wings from bird feathers and flew down from a high platform, trying to imitate the flight of birds. The above cases are enough to show that the working people in ancient China had carefully observed and studied the flapping and flying of birds, which was also one of the earliest bionic design activities. The invention of a rocket weapon "Shenhuo Flying Crow" in Ming Dynasty also reflected people's desire to learn from birds.
The imitation of aquatic animals-fish by the working people in ancient China was also fruitful. The ancients gained the freedom of water transportation by imitating fish living in water, cutting down trees and chiseling boats, making fish-shaped hulls out of wood, and using fish pectoral fins and caudal fins to paddle and paddle. Later, with the improvement of the production level, the dragon boat appeared, which was influenced by many animal shapes. The rocket weapon "Fire Dragon Out of the Water" used in ancient water wars somewhat imitated the meaning of animals. The above examples show that the early bionic design activities of the working people in ancient China created extraordinary achievements for the development of China's splendid ancient civilization.
In the history of foreign civilization, it has also experienced a similar process. In ancient Greek mythology with rich production knowledge, some people made wings out of feathers and wax and escaped from the maze; Thiel invented the saw, which is said to be inspired by the shape of the fish's back bone and the snake's palate bone. /kloc-In the 5th century, German astronomer Miller made iron flies and mechanical eagles and performed an air show.
/kloc-around 0/806, Kelly, a British scientist and one of the founders of aerodynamics, imitated the spindle shape of trout and groundhog and found a streamlined structure with low resistance. Kelly also designed a wing curve that imitated the wings of birds, which greatly promoted the birth of aviation technology. At the same time, French physiologist Maret made a detailed study on the flight of birds. In the book Animal Machines, he introduced the relationship between the weight of birds and the area of their wings. Helmholtz, a German, also found that the weight of flying animals is directly proportional to the cubic of body linearity when studying flying animals. Helmholtz's research pointed out the limitations of the size of flying objects. Through the detailed study and careful imitation of bird flying organs, according to the principle of bird flying mechanism, people finally made a glider capable of manned flight.
Later, the designer designed the boom of the excavator according to the posture of the crane. During World War I, people got inspiration from the wild boar who survived the gas war and designed a gas mask by imitating the nose of the wild boar. What is the principle of a submarine that floats and sinks flexibly in the ocean? Although we have no evidence to investigate whether the submarine designer consulted the opinions of the biological community when designing the submarine, it is not difficult to imagine that the designer must know that the swim bladder is an important organ used by fish to change the proportion of their bodies with the water so as to rise and fall in the water. Frogs are amphibians. Sports workers carefully studied the frog's movement posture in the water and summed up a set of labor-saving and fast swimming movements-breaststroke. In addition, the fins made for divers are almost completely made according to the shape of frog hind limbs, which greatly improves the diver's ability to move in the water.
Flies and spaceships
Nasty flies seem to have nothing to do with the grand space cause, but bionics closely connects them.
Flies are notorious "smelly things". They can be seen everywhere and have a bad smell. Flies have a particularly sensitive sense of smell, and can smell the smell thousands of meters away. But flies don't have noses. What does it rely on to act as a sense of smell? It turns out that the "nose" of flies-olfactory receptors are distributed on a pair of antennae on the head.
Each "nose" has only one "nostril" communicating with the outside world, which contains hundreds of olfactory nerve cells. If the smell enters the nostrils, these nerves will immediately convert the smell stimulus into nerve electrical impulses and send them to the brain. The brain can distinguish substances with different smells according to different nerve electrical impulses generated by substances with different smells. Therefore, the fly's antenna is like a sensitive gas analyzer.
Inspired by this, bionics successfully imitated a very strange small gas analyzer according to the structure and function of the olfactory organs of flies. The probe of this instrument is not metal, but a live fly. A very fine microelectrode is inserted into the olfactory nerve of the fly, and the guided neuroelectric signal is amplified by an electronic circuit and sent to an analyzer; The analyzer can give an alarm as soon as it finds the signal of odorous substances. This instrument has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.
This small gas analyzer can also measure harmful gases in submarines and mines. This principle can also be used to improve the input device of computer and the structural principle of gas chromatography analyzer.
From Fireflies to Artificial Luminescence
Since the invention of electric light, life has become more convenient and rich. But electric lamps can only convert a small part of electric energy into visible light, and most of the rest is wasted in the form of heat energy. The heat rays of electric lamps are harmful to people's eyes. So, is there a light source that only emits light without heating? Humans have turned their attention to nature again.
In nature, many creatures can emit light, such as bacteria, fungi, worms, mollusks, crustaceans, insects and fish, and the light emitted by these animals does not produce heat, so it is also called "cold light".
Fireflies are one of many luminous animals. There are about 65,438+0,500 species of fireflies. Their luminescent colors are yellow-green, orange, and their brightness is different. Fireflies emit cold light, which not only has high luminous efficiency, but also is generally soft, suitable for human eyes, and the light intensity is relatively high. Therefore, bioluminescence is an ideal light source for human beings.
Scientists found that the luminous device of fireflies is located in the abdomen. This light emitter consists of three parts: light emitting layer, transparent layer and reflecting layer. There are thousands of luminescent cells in the luminescent layer, all of which contain fluorescein and luciferase. Under the action of luciferase, fluorescein combines with oxidation to emit fluorescence with the participation of intracellular water. The luminescence of fireflies is essentially a process in which chemical energy is converted into light energy.
As early as the 1940s, people created fluorescent lamps on the basis of the study of fireflies, which greatly changed the lighting sources of human beings. In recent years, scientists first isolated pure fluorescein from fireflies, then isolated luciferase, and then synthesized fluorescein artificially by chemical methods. Biological light source composed of fluorescein, luciferase, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and water can be used as a flash lamp in mines filled with explosive gas. Because this lamp has no power supply and does not produce magnetic field, it can be used to clear magnetic mines under the irradiation of biological light source.
Now, people can get cold light similar to biological light by mixing some chemicals for safe lighting.
Electric fish and volt battery
Many creatures in nature can generate electricity, and there are more than 500 kinds of fish alone. People call these discharging fish "electric fish".
All kinds of electric fish have different discharge skills. Electric ray, electric catfish and electric eel have the strongest discharge ability. Medium-sized torpedoes can generate about 70 volts, while African torpedoes can generate up to 220 volts; African electric catfish can generate 350 volts; Electric eels can generate 500 volts. There is a South American electric eel that can generate up to 880 volts, and it is called the champion of electric shock. It is said that it can kill big animals like horses.
Where is the mystery of electric fish discharge? After the anatomical study of the electric fish, it is finally found that there is a strange power generation organ in the electric fish. These generators are made up of many translucent disk-shaped batteries, called electric plates or plates. Due to the different types of electric fish, the shape, position and quantity of the electric plates of the generator are also different. The generator of electric eel is prismatic and located in the muscles on both sides of the caudate spine. The torpedo generator is shaped like a flat kidney, arranged on both sides of the body midline, with 2 million electric plates. The generator of electric catfish originated from some kind of gland, located between skin and muscle, with about 5 million electric plates. The voltage generated by a single plate is very weak, but because there are many plates, the voltage generated is very large.
The extraordinary skills of electric fish have aroused great interest. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/9th century, Italian physicist Volt designed the world's earliest voltaic battery based on electric fish power generation organ. Because this kind of battery is designed according to the natural generator of electric fish, the research of electric fish called "artificial electric officer" also gives people such enlightenment: if the power generation organ of electric fish can be successfully imitated, then the power problem of ships and submarines can be solved well.
Jellyfish windward ears
"Swallows fly low before the rain, cicadas sing, and the sky clears up in the rain." Biological behavior is related to the change of weather. Fishermen along the coast know that fish and jellyfish living along the coast swim to the sea in batches, which indicates that a storm is coming.
Jellyfish, also known as jellyfish, is an ancient coelenterate that floated in the ocean as early as 500 million years ago. This lower animal has the instinct to predict storms, and every time before the storm warning, it will swim to the sea to take refuge.
It turns out that in the blue ocean, infrasound (frequency is 8- 13 times per second) generated by the friction between air and waves is always a prelude to storm warning. This infrasound is inaudible to the human ear, but the little jellyfish is very sensitive. Bionics found that there is a thin handle in the ear cavity of jellyfish, a small ball on the handle, and a small auditory stone in the ball. When the infrasound before the storm hit the auditory stone in the jellyfish's ear, the auditory stone stimulated the nerve receptors on the ball wall, so the jellyfish heard the rumble of the coming storm.
Bionics imitates the structure and function of jellyfish ears, designs a storm predictor for jellyfish ears, and accurately simulates the organs that jellyfish feel infrasound. This instrument is installed on the front deck of the ship. When it receives the infrasound wave of the storm, it can automatically stop the horn rotating 360 degrees, and the direction it refers to is the direction of the storm. The reading on the indicator can show the intensity of the storm. This forecaster can forecast storms 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to navigation and fishery safety. Agree 8| Comments (3) 2011-3-3018:12 Enthusiastic users.
Jdkdkziejcio agrees with 3| Comments (2) 2011-3-318:17 Enthusiastic users.
beetle
When the beetle defends itself, it can spray a smelly high-temperature liquid "shell" to confuse, stimulate and scare the enemy. After dissection, scientists found that there are three chambers in the beetle body, which store dihydric phenol solution, hydrogen peroxide and biological enzyme respectively. Diphenol and hydrogen peroxide flow into the third chamber and mix with biological enzyme to have a chemical reaction, which instantly becomes venom at 100℃ and is quickly ejected. This principle has been applied to military technology at present. During World War II, the German Nazis made a new engine with huge power and safe and reliable performance according to this mechanism, which was installed on cruise missiles, making it fly faster, safer and more stable, and improving the hit rate. London, England suffered heavy losses when it was bombed. American military experts have developed advanced binary weapons inspired by the principle of beetle spraying. This weapon contains two or more chemicals that can produce toxins in two separate containers. After the projectile was launched, the diaphragm broke, and the two poison intermediates mixed and reacted within 8- 10 seconds of the projectile's flight, producing deadly venom at the moment when it reached the target and killed the enemy. They are easy to produce, store and transport, safe and not easy to fail. Fireflies can directly convert chemical energy into light energy, and the conversion efficiency reaches 100%, while the luminous efficiency of ordinary electric lamps is only 6%. The cold light source made by people imitating the luminous principle of fireflies can improve luminous efficiency by more than ten times and save energy greatly. In addition, the open-space velocimeter based on the beetle's optokinetic reaction mechanism has been successfully applied to the aviation industry, and obtained 5| comments (1) 201-4-514: 3114778833.
Airplanes are invented according to the wings of birds.
And tracking missiles invented by rattlesnakes.
Flies and spaceships
Nasty flies seem to have nothing to do with the grand space cause, but bionics closely connects them.
Flies are notorious "smelly things". They can be seen everywhere and have a bad smell. Flies have a particularly sensitive sense of smell, and can smell the smell thousands of meters away. But flies don't have noses. What does it rely on to act as a sense of smell? It turns out that the "nose" of flies-olfactory receptors are distributed on a pair of antennae on the head.
Each "nose" has only one "nostril" communicating with the outside world, which contains hundreds of olfactory nerve cells. If the smell enters the nostrils, these nerves will immediately convert the smell stimulus into nerve electrical impulses and send them to the brain. The brain can distinguish substances with different smells according to different nerve electrical impulses generated by substances with different smells. Therefore, the fly's antenna is like a sensitive gas analyzer.
Inspired by this, bionics successfully imitated a very strange small gas analyzer according to the structure and function of the olfactory organs of flies. The probe of this instrument is not metal, but a live fly. A very fine microelectrode is inserted into the olfactory nerve of the fly, and the guided neuroelectric signal is amplified by an electronic circuit and sent to an analyzer; The analyzer can give an alarm as soon as it finds the signal of odorous substances. This instrument has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.
This small gas analyzer can also measure harmful gases in submarines and mines. This principle can also be used to improve the input device of computer and the structural principle of gas chromatography analyzer.
From Fireflies to Artificial Luminescence
Since the invention of electric light, life has become more convenient and rich. But electric lamps can only convert a small part of electric energy into visible light, and most of the rest is wasted in the form of heat energy. The heat rays of electric lamps are harmful to people's eyes. So, is there a light source that only emits light without heating? Humans have turned their attention to nature again.
In nature, many creatures can emit light, such as bacteria, fungi, worms, mollusks, crustaceans, insects and fish, and the light emitted by these animals does not produce heat, so it is also called "cold light".
Fireflies are one of many luminous animals. There are about 65,438+0,500 species of fireflies. Their luminescent colors are yellow-green, orange, and their brightness is different. Fireflies emit cold light, which not only has high luminous efficiency, but also is generally soft, suitable for human eyes, and the light intensity is relatively high. Therefore, bioluminescence is an ideal light source for human beings.
Scientists found that the luminous device of fireflies is located in the abdomen. This light emitter consists of three parts: light emitting layer, transparent layer and reflecting layer. There are thousands of luminescent cells in the luminescent layer, all of which contain fluorescein and luciferase. Under the action of luciferase, fluorescein combines with oxidation to emit fluorescence with the participation of intracellular water. The luminescence of fireflies is essentially a process in which chemical energy is converted into light energy.
As early as the 1940s, people created fluorescent lamps on the basis of the study of fireflies, which greatly changed the lighting sources of human beings. In recent years, scientists first isolated pure fluorescein from fireflies, then isolated luciferase, and then synthesized fluorescein artificially by chemical methods. Biological light source composed of fluorescein, luciferase, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and water can be used as a flash lamp in mines filled with explosive gas. Because this lamp has no power supply and does not produce magnetic field, it can be used to clear magnetic mines under the irradiation of biological light source.
Now, people can get cold light similar to biological light by mixing some chemicals for safe lighting.
Electric fish and volt battery
Many creatures in nature can generate electricity, and there are more than 500 kinds of fish alone. People call these discharging fish "electric fish".
All kinds of electric fish have different discharge skills. Electric ray, electric catfish and electric eel have the strongest discharge ability. Medium-sized torpedoes can generate about 70 volts, while African torpedoes can generate up to 220 volts; African electric catfish can generate 350 volts; Electric eels can generate 500 volts. There is a South American electric eel that can generate up to 880 volts, and it is called the champion of electric shock. It is said that it can kill big animals like horses.
Where is the mystery of electric fish discharge? After the anatomical study of the electric fish, it is finally found that there is a strange power generation organ in the electric fish. These generators are made up of many translucent disk-shaped batteries, called electric plates or plates. Due to the different types of electric fish, the shape, position and quantity of the electric plates of the generator are also different. The generator of electric eel is prismatic and located in the muscles on both sides of the caudate spine. The torpedo generator is shaped like a flat kidney, arranged on both sides of the body midline, with 2 million electric plates. The generator of electric catfish originated from some kind of gland, located between skin and muscle, with about 5 million electric plates. The voltage generated by a single plate is very weak, but because there are many plates, the voltage generated is very large.
The extraordinary skills of electric fish have aroused great interest. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/9th century, Italian physicist Volt designed the world's earliest voltaic battery based on electric fish power generation organ. Because this kind of battery is designed according to the natural generator of electric fish, the research of electric fish called "artificial electric officer" also gives people such enlightenment: if the power generation organ of electric fish can be successfully imitated, then the power problem of ships and submarines can be solved well.
Jellyfish windward ears
"Swallows fly low before the rain, cicadas sing, and the sky clears up in the rain." Biological behavior is related to the change of weather. Fishermen along the coast know that fish and jellyfish living along the coast swim to the sea in batches, which indicates that a storm is coming.
Jellyfish, also known as jellyfish, is an ancient coelenterate that floated in the ocean as early as 500 million years ago. This lower animal has the instinct to predict storms, and every time before the storm warning, it will swim to the sea to take refuge.
It turns out that in the blue ocean, infrasound (frequency is 8- 13 times per second) generated by the friction between air and waves is always a prelude to storm warning. This infrasound is inaudible to the human ear, but the little jellyfish is very sensitive. Bionics found that there is a thin handle in the ear cavity of jellyfish, a small ball on the handle, and a small auditory stone in the ball. When the infrasound before the storm hit the auditory stone in the jellyfish's ear, the auditory stone stimulated the nerve receptors on the ball wall, so the jellyfish heard the rumble of the coming storm.
Bionics imitates the structure and function of jellyfish ears, designs a storm predictor for jellyfish ears, and accurately simulates the organs that jellyfish feel infrasound. This instrument is installed on the front deck of the ship. When it receives the infrasound wave of the storm, it can automatically stop the horn rotating 360 degrees, and the direction it refers to is the direction of the storm. The reading on the indicator can show the intensity of the storm. This forecaster can forecast storms 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to navigation and fishery safety. Agree with 5| Comment (1) 2011-4-10 07: 50 Enthusiastic users.
The enlightenment of scientists' inventions agrees with 3| Comments (1) 2012-3-1219: 09 Enthusiastic users.
Objection 0| Comment (1) 2012-3-1518:16 | Level 2.
Fish submarine
Woodpecker-A New Safety Helmet
Chameleon camouflage suit
Dragonfly-the wing of an airplane
Bird plane
whaler
Mantis sickle
Frog scanner
Fly odor detector
Bat radar