1. Wear loose and warm clothes when traveling.
Because of the strong sunshine in plateau area, people had better wear sunglasses, sun hat and sunscreen to prevent ultraviolet rays from burning their skin.
Don't eat too much when you first arrive at the plateau. You can eat more vegetables and fruits and drink more water. You can drink enough water before morning exercise. It's best not to smoke or drink.
In addition, open the window at night to keep the air circulating.
What about severe altitude sickness?
Areas above 3000 meters above sea level are called plateau areas. It is characterized by low air pressure and low oxygen concentration in the air, which easily leads to hypoxia in the human body, thus causing altitude sickness. The common symptoms of altitude sickness are vomiting, tinnitus, headache, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, fever and drowsiness. In severe cases, people will have insensitivity, emotional uncertainty, hyperactivity, memory loss, hearing, vision, smell, taste abnormalities, hallucinations and so on. Edema, shock or spasm may also occur.
1. For patients with altitude sickness, oxygen supply and altitude reduction are the most effective emergency treatment methods. If there is shock, it should be given priority, and pay attention to complications such as hypothermia.
2. The patient should be moved to a windless place, and immediately stay in bed, pay attention to keep warm, prevent upper respiratory tract infection, and prohibit drinking plenty of water.
If the pain is severe, you can take painkillers to relieve the pain. If you still can't adapt, you should lower the height until the patient feels comfortable or the symptoms are obviously relieved. Generally speaking, patients with altitude sickness can be cured after falling to the ground. Even so, critically ill patients still need to be sent to hospital for treatment.
What should I do if hypoglycemia occurs?
1. Whether you are traveling by car or sightseeing, you should put some candy, chocolate and fruit candy in your pocket. Eat breakfast on time Once you don't eat breakfast or eat too little breakfast, and feel flustered and hungry before lunch, eat a few sweets immediately, and you will return to normal in about 10 to 15 minutes.
If possible, you can drink a cup of concentrated sugar water immediately. If you don't take candy with you on the trip, you can drink sugary drinks or eat other foods, and you can return to normal, just slowly.
3. If a traveling companion has hypoglycemia and suddenly faints on the ground, he should lie on his back immediately, unbutton his clothes and belt, and let him take some concentrated sugar water or sweet drinks, fruit juice and the like, which can generally relieve him quickly. If the above measures can't make the symptoms of hypoglycemia disappear, you should consider suffering from other diseases and send them to the local hospital for treatment without hesitation.
What if the legs and feet are swollen?
When you first arrive at the plateau, people may have swollen legs and feet because of high altitude and tight travel. Don't panic at this time. The following methods can appropriately reduce or alleviate the degree of edema:
1. Arrange the travel time and route reasonably, don't be in a hurry, have a rest after visiting a scenic spot, and pay attention to the combination of work and rest.
2. Pay attention to the change of posture on the way. After standing and walking for a while, sit or lie flat for a while and lift your legs. When riding for a long time, you should raise your legs to facilitate the venous blood return of your legs and feet.
3. When traveling for a long time, it's best to wear leggings with proper tightness, or wrap a wide cloth belt around your calf several times and fix it with a pin.
4. After traveling every day, burn your feet with hot water to dilate the blood vessels in your feet and facilitate blood return.
■ Special circumstances
What if plateau driving breaks down?
65438+ You can stop the vehicle with a flashlight or a light scarf at night.
2. Because of the thin air on the plateau, people should pay attention not to do strenuous exercise, keep calm and don't panic when driving in an accident, otherwise it will increase the intake of oxygen, increase the consumption of body heat and lead to physical fatigue.
3. In the process of waiting for rescue, the trapped person should keep the air circulation in the carriage, and move his limbs every once in a while, such as moving his toes, turning his wrist, stretching his shoulders and neck, etc., to promote blood circulation.
4. Don't turn on the radio or light frequently to save battery power. If the climate in this area is cold, it is recommended to start the engine with warm air 10 minutes per hour, which not only saves fuel, but more importantly, if the engine starts for too long, the risk of exhaust gas flooding into the car will be greater, and the environment will be too warm, which will also make people sleepy.
Some people may have altitude sickness when they travel to the plateau for the first time. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, nausea and vomiting, cyanosis of mouth and lips, insomnia, dreaminess and possible increase of blood pressure. These symptoms are obvious in the first day or two, and will gradually reduce or disappear later. However, due to fatigue, cold, upper respiratory tract infection and other reasons, a few people's symptoms gradually worsen and develop into high altitude pulmonary edema or high altitude cerebral edema. So, how to reduce altitude sickness in travel life and how to prevent altitude sickness? The suggestions are as follows:
First, patients with heart, lung, brain and blood system diseases should not enter the plateau. Usually, the physical fitness is good, and the altitude sickness is relatively light after entering the plateau. However, before entering the plateau, it is also best to ban smoking and alcohol, prevent upper respiratory tract infection, prevent overwork, and bring necessary first-aid drugs.
Second, we should have a good psychological quality and remain optimistic. Otherwise, excessive worry, anxiety and poor sleep will increase the oxygen consumption of brain tissue, leading to altitude sickness or aggravating altitude sickness.
Third, altitude sickness can generally heal itself. If the symptoms are serious, symptomatic treatment is enough. Such as oxygen inhalation, analgesia, oral painkillers and diazepam tablets, Tibetan medicine "Hong Jingtian" oral liquid can alleviate altitude sickness. For rare patients with high altitude pulmonary edema and high altitude cerebral edema, a large amount of oxygen should be given, and at the same time of drug treatment, they should be quickly transferred to low altitude areas, and the treatment effect is good.
Fourth, the plateau climate is changeable, especially in the morning and evening. Generally, for every rise of1000m, the temperature drops by 6 degrees Celsius. Be sure to keep warm after entering Tibet. Even in summer, people from the mainland must prepare sweaters, thermal underwear and the like. The temperature is low in winter, so we should pay more attention to cold and antifreeze. The sunshine on the plateau is strong, so you should wear sunglasses and sun hat outdoors to prevent ultraviolet rays from damaging your skin. When exploring or climbing mountains, we should carry out phased adaptation exercise in a planned way, and we should not rashly enter areas above 5000 meters above sea level to prevent accidents.
Five, diet should choose high-calorie digestible food, not overeating, especially at dinner, so as not to increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, so that the heart and lungs are compressed, causing chest tightness and palpitations, and sleeping in a semi-recumbent position can reduce the burden on the heart and lungs.
Credit card: Daocheng is now opening a universal deposit and withdrawal bank: Agricultural Bank of China Jinsui debit card; There is also a postal green card, but it should be noted that Daocheng is different from the outside business. Without ATM, festivals like the Spring Festival are closed. Therefore, tourists who travel to Daocheng on holidays must prepare cash in advance.
Power supply: the power supply along the line is insufficient, and the hotel air conditioner is switched on and off regularly. The wires in Aden Scenic Area have not been laid yet, but both Longlongba and Luo Rong Niuchang Camp have generators, and you can feel the lights at night.
Self-driving: Because the plateau area is vast and sparsely populated, self-driving tourists should fill up the gas station in each county as much as possible to avoid embarrassment on the way. When driving in winter, you should bring a snow chain. Don't drive too fast on icy roads, remember safety first. It is best not to drive at night! !
Riding: It takes a long time to ride a horse in the scenic spot, so you should choose the right horse and saddle, pay attention to safety and follow the guidance of the service personnel. Take your cards and belongings with you.
Documents: ID card or passport, border defense card (for Everest), please apply locally.
A big backpack and a small backpack: small backpack is used for daytime activities, so it's better to put a big backpack in it.
Personal pocket: used to collect property and important documents.
Warm clothes: the temperature difference between morning and evening in plateau climate is large. Sometimes it snows and rains at night, so when you enter in winter, spring and autumn, you must bring thick sweaters, thick coats, underwear, gloves and scarves with good waterproof and rainproof performance, and travel shoes or hiking shoes with good thermal and fireproof performance.
Sun protection: due to the strong sunshine, you should bring sunglasses, sun hat and sunscreen oil when you go out. Girls should wear high sun protection.
Drugs: Due to lack of oxygen and low air pressure, boiling water often cannot be rolled through. I have just arrived at the meeting with diarrhea, so I need to prepare the laxative berberine.
In addition, you should bring heat-clearing drinks, such as chrysanthemum tea, summer mulberry chrysanthemum and American ginseng granules. Vitamin C can enhance the body's resistance, and lip balm can prevent chapped lips. As mountain sickness is often accompanied by severe headache, please prepare painkillers, such as Bitongtong, painkillers and headache powder. High-calorie foods such as chocolate, anti-hypoxia drugs such as rhodiola, glucose and other climatic characteristics: due to the high terrain, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is cold and anoxic, with no summer in winter and spring and autumn connected; Strong solar radiation and long sunshine time; Rainfall is low and dry; Climatic characteristics of large temperature difference between day and night. The best time to travel is May 5- 10/October every year, in which August-September is the golden season for tourism, and it is a summer resort with mild and pleasant climate.
Due to the above climatic reasons, please pay attention when choosing a trip to Qinghai-Tibet:
(1) Be sure to choose clothes with good warmth, and it is best to prepare sunscreen, sunglasses, sun hats and other skin care products to avoid being damaged by ultraviolet rays.
(2) Standing medicines: please bring your own common cold medicines and gastrointestinal medicines; As the air is dry, please prepare throat lozenges and sugar. Tibet, remote and mysterious, is located in the southwest border of China. Its unique style attracts more and more people to visit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. So what's the climate, customs and customs in Tibet, and what health care issues should be paid attention to when traveling? Let's listen to the opinions of doctors who have supported Tibet for more than ten years.
The area above 3000 meters above sea level is called plateau area, and the average altitude in Tibet is above 4000 meters. It is characterized by low air pressure and low oxygen content, which easily leads to human hypoxia. If preventive measures are not appropriate, altitude sickness may be caused. Include acute altitude sickness, altitude pulmonary edema, altitude coma, chronic altitude sickness, altitude heart disease, altitude hypertension, altitude hypotension and altitude polycythemia. People who enter the plateau for the first time or re-enter the plateau at a long interval should pay attention to the following questions.
A, enter the plateau, should carry out a strict comprehensive physical examination. Anyone who has obvious visceral organic diseases such as heart, liver, lung and kidney, and has high blood pressure above the third stage, is not suitable for entering Tibet.
Second, people over 40, fat or weak, are not suitable to go. Obesity will aggravate altitude hypoxia and easily trigger altitude heart disease.
Third, if you have a bad cold, you'd better treat it in the plain before entering Tibet. Otherwise, it will aggravate the mountain reaction and even induce pulmonary edema.
Fourth, it is best to go to Tibet in summer and autumn for the first time, because it can greatly reduce the mountain reaction, and the cold in winter will aggravate the body's hypoxia. It is best to enter Tibet by car and gradually adapt.
5. During the interval after first arriving at the plateau or entering the plateau, in the first few days, you should stay in bed properly, although you should avoid strenuous exercise and activities and run less and jump less.
6. The alpine climate is cool in the morning and evening, and it is very hot even at noon in summer, so it is very important to keep warm. Wear woolen trousers and cotton-padded clothes in autumn and fur coats and boots in winter to prevent colds and upper respiratory tract infections.
Seven, you should eat more rice when you first enter the plateau. Especially sweet porridge with sugar can inhibit nausea and vomiting, and supplying acidic drinks can help correct alkalosis and replenish energy and water. Because of the dry climate, the body's demand for water is very urgent, so you can often drink some tea or juice drinks. You can drink 1-2 mouthfuls at a time, and drink more times. Buttered tea can effectively resist the harsh climate in high mountains, and should also eat more vegetables, fruits, lean meat, chocolate candy and other foods rich in vitamins, protein and high energy.
Eight, tourists should also prepare sunglasses to prevent sand and sun. The direct sunlight on the plateau and the very strong ultraviolet rays will cause different degrees of damage to the optic nerve and prevent "snow blindness".
Nine, people with altitude maladjustment should take semi-recumbent sleep to reduce right heart venous reflux and pulmonary capillary congestion. If you feel that your heart and lungs are insufficient, take oxygen first and prepare an oxygen bag around you, which will aggravate the mountain reaction at night. You can prepare some drugs for strengthening the heart, diuresis and dilating blood vessels, and you can also prepare some drugs for sleeping, relieving pain and carsickness, preferably Chinese medicine.
Ten, group travel must be equipped with medical personnel familiar with altitude sickness, and should prepare rescue measures. Medical staff should also be healthy. Scientists call places above 3000 meters above sea level plateau. Because when the altitude reaches this height, its climatic characteristics (such as hypoxia, hypoxia, high radiation and cold, etc. ) is obviously different from that in the plain. When people come to such an environment, they must go through a series of adjustments in order to adapt. Therefore, people who have just entered the plateau or even lived in the plateau must guard against the occurrence of acute altitude sickness in many ways when returning from the plain to the plateau.
First of all, people with the following diseases should not enter the plateau
If you have never been to the plateau, you must have a strict physical examination before entering the plateau. If you find obvious lesions in your heart, lungs, brain, liver and kidney, or patients with severe anemia and hypertension, please don't blindly enter the plateau. If it is just a general disease, you must take necessary preventive measures in advance, such as carrying oxygen with you.
Second, after arriving at the plateau, matters needing attention
When you first arrive at the plateau, everyone will feel chest tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing and other hypoxia symptoms to varying degrees. But that doesn't mean you can't adapt to the plateau. If you can protect yourself correctly, the above symptoms can generally be improved or disappeared after 5-7 days.
People often advocate oxygen inhalation to relieve discomfort. Of course, oxygen inhalation can temporarily relieve chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms, but after stopping oxygen inhalation, the symptoms will reappear. This has delayed the time to adapt to the plateau. We advocate that if the above symptoms are not serious, especially during rest, it is best not to take oxygen. This will enable you to adapt to the plateau environment quickly.
Just entering the plateau, don't overeat, so as not to increase the burden on the digestive organs and make them adapt to this environment well. It's best not to drink or smoke. Eat more vitamins such as vegetables and fruits, but it must also be noted that if the above symptoms become more and more serious after entering the plateau, especially during rest, you should immediately take oxygen and go to the hospital. Prevent the adverse consequences caused by "acute high altitude pulmonary edema".
When you first arrive at the plateau, you should not walk fast, let alone run or do manual labor. After a week's rest, you can gradually increase a certain amount of labor. This is the theoretical basis for going to work after a week's rest from the plain to the plateau. When you first arrive at the plateau, you should prevent colds caused by catching cold. Cold is one of the main causes of acute high altitude pulmonary edema, and everyone is eager to climb the Range Rover. For people who like to climb mountains, they must be prepared in advance before going to the plateau.
First of all, the mountain reaction
For most people, the mountain reaction is not obvious. A few people have altitude sickness of more than 3,000 meters, and altitude sickness occurs 6- 12 hours after entering the mountain. A few people get sick after 1-3 days, and generally return to normal in 3-7 days. Proper exercise should be combined with symptomatic treatment.
1, proper oxygen inhalation is effective for dyspnea and chest tightness caused by altitude sickness.
2. Take painkillers to relieve headaches.
3. Take gastrointestinal medicine to treat anorexia.
4. For insomnia, use antipsychotic drugs.
When you first arrive in the mountainous area, you should actively adapt and reduce physical exertion. Also pay attention to strengthen nutrition, eat more meals a day when your appetite is poor, and drink more liquid foods, such as milk and juice.
Second, alpine pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is a common disease in mountainous areas. The place at an altitude of 2250 -4000 meters is the area where the disease occurs.
1. If you have a bad cough, don't lie flat when you have difficulty breathing.
2. When the lips and forehead are blue, they should be transferred to low altitude areas in time.
3. After onset, stay in bed and keep warm.
Third, frostbite.
Prevention and treatment of frostbite should be complete, and clothes should be kept dry and soft. Wipe your hands and face constantly during the journey, don't just sit on the ground and rest.
1. After frostbite, it should be rewarming quickly to reduce the damage to tissues caused by frostbite.
2. After the occurrence of mild frostbite, it is necessary to apply drugs in time to facilitate early recovery.
Fourth, snow blindness.
The occurrence of snow blindness is like sand in your eyes, your eyes are red and you are blown to tears by the wind. Wear glasses when there is snow on the plateau. Snow blindness will affect the climbing process. Snow blindness can be avoided as long as it is properly protected. If snow blindness occurs, you must avoid light and can treat it with ordinary eye drops.