Mental Health and Life Education: A Study on the Current Situation of Psychological Crisis of Secondary Vocational School Students and the Countermeasures of Life Education
In recent years, the social competition is becoming increasingly fierce and the pace of life is accelerating, while the students in secondary vocational schools (hereinafter referred to as? Secondary vocational students? ) Young age and poor self-control ability easily lead to development crises such as academic crisis, emotional crisis, family crisis, self-crisis and job search crisis. The existence of these crises easily leads to the deviation of their behavior, which leads to some students' self-harm, injury, internet addiction, running away from home, pregnancy, mood swings, inability to learn and other adverse consequences. As school educators, it is urgent to educate students about life. After exploration, we can try from the following aspects: the initial construction of psychological crisis early warning mechanism; Infiltrate the discipline of life education; Establish students' mental health files and strengthen psychological counseling; Offering special "life education" courses; Collaborative education in all departments of the school.
Secondary vocational school students; Psychological crisis; Life education
In recent years, social competition has become increasingly fierce and the pace of life has been accelerating, while students in secondary vocational schools (hereinafter referred to as? Secondary vocational students? ) The average age is between seventeen and nineteen, and transition is the most fundamental psychological feature of students in this period. Under the background of social transformation, due to the prejudice of social cognition, there are generally incorrect and unscientific educational concepts and methods for secondary vocational school students in society, schools and families, and secondary vocational school students are facing enormous social and family pressure and increasing psychological pressure. The particularity of adolescent age and the bad experience of junior high school study and life make secondary vocational school students a special group that is easy to cause psychological crisis. Many people are overwhelmed and on the verge of collapse. Murder, suicide and other vicious cases occur frequently. A survey in Shanghai shows that 34% of middle school students have psychological problems; The survey of mental health status of primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen shows that the detection rate of mental problems among primary and secondary school students is 13.2%. Psychological problems on campus are getting more and more serious. As a vulnerable group among middle school students, secondary vocational school students have frequent psychological crises, so it is of great significance to carry out relevant research on psychological crises of secondary vocational school students. What do you mean by psychological crisis? Psychological imbalance of individuals in the face of sudden or major life adversity (such as the death of relatives, the breakdown of marriage or natural and man-made disasters, etc.). )? . The psychological crisis of secondary vocational school students presents the characteristics of diversity. Apart from the unexpected crises caused by natural disasters, bereavement and incurable diseases, their psychological crises are more likely to occur, such as academic crisis, emotional crisis, family crisis, self-crisis and job-hunting crisis. Secondary vocational school students are young and have poor self-control ability. The existence of these crises can easily lead to the deviation of their behavior, which will lead to some students' self-harm, injury, internet addiction, running away from home, pregnancy, mood swings, learning disability and other adverse consequences, which will seriously affect the growth of secondary vocational students, the stable development of secondary vocational schools, and even the stability and prosperity of society. Therefore, the psychological crisis of secondary vocational school students should attract the attention of educators.
All kinds of bad phenomena of secondary vocational school students can't help but arouse our thinking, and the development of life education should be paid attention to. It is urgent to carry out life education for secondary vocational school students, especially to cultivate life consciousness. What does life education mean? According to the characteristics of life, following the principle of life development, based on students' own potential life matrix, by choosing excellent education methods, we can awaken life consciousness, enlighten the spiritual world, develop life potential, improve life quality and pay attention to the all-round development of life, so as to make it an activity full of vitality, sound personality, distinctive personality and master creative wisdom [3]. ? Life education in China has just started, and a life education system suitable for China's national conditions has not yet been established. Therefore, we should learn from the research and methods of adolescent life education in other countries and combine the actual situation of life education in China to explore life education methods suitable for secondary vocational school students in China.
I. Methods
(A) the choice of the subject
By combining random sampling and stratified sampling, students from five major departments and five classes in Xiamen Business Tourism School are selected as the research objects. 250 questionnaires were distributed, 242 questionnaires were actually recovered, and 20 invalid questionnaires were eliminated. Finally, 222 valid questionnaires were obtained, and the effective rate was 88.8%. The specific distribution is shown in the following table:
Table 2- 1 distribution table of subjects (unit: person)
Gender, grade, family situation, accommodation situation
Male 107(48%), junior one 143(64%), only child 75(34%), day school 6 1(27%).
Female 1 15(52%) Grade 2 79
(36%) Non-only child 147(66%) Accommodation 16 1(73%)
A total of 222 people.
(2) Data collection and statistics
This questionnaire is a self-made questionnaire, which mainly investigates the current situation of psychological crisis of students in secondary vocational schools. * * * 13 questions, the teachers participating in the questions are the main examiners, and the subjects are collectively tested. If the subjects are not clear about the instructions, the examiner will repeat them and ask the subjects to fill them out one by one as required.
(iii) Findings
Through the questionnaire survey, it is found that 5 1% students think that at this stage, interpersonal communication and friendship problems are the most likely to lead to personal bad emotional experience, followed by family problems, such as parents' divorce and family disharmony, accounting for 38%, followed by learning problems and love problems, accounting for 36% and 20% respectively. This shows that secondary vocational school students are in a semi-naive and semi-mature state? Psychological weaning period? Friends play a role in their lives? Important people? Everyone expects to have close friends. And boarders account for the vast majority of secondary vocational students in our school, so in the long run? Living under the same roof? In the process of getting along, contradictions and bumps are easy to occur, and friendship crisis is inevitable. In addition, with the increasing social pressure, parents have no time to pay attention to the development of their children's inner world, and because of the rising divorce rate, children in single-parent families are also prone to emotional distress. What are the experiences of secondary vocational students in junior high school that are relatively unsuccessful in learning, and many of them are holding? Broken cans and broken falls? The mentality of entering secondary vocational schools, lack of learning motivation and correct learning methods have led to their learning crisis. In addition, secondary vocational school students who are in adolescence are also very interested in heterosexual communication. They began to pay attention to the opposite sex, hoping to be noticed by the opposite sex. They are curious and herd-minded, so some secondary vocational school students have begun to fall in love. However, due to their psychological immaturity, various problems caused by love relationships often lead to psychological crisis.
Faced with setbacks and pressures, students often feel helpless and even anxious. Nearly 50% of students said that when they encounter some unexpected events in their lives, they are often accompanied by anxious emotional experiences. When students encounter psychological troubles, 59% choose to solve them themselves, 42% and 365,438+0% choose to ask their classmates and parents for help, and only 5% choose to ask teachers for help. Does this mean that teachers are not what students think when they have a psychological crisis? Important people? . At present, teachers spend more time with students, but the role of teachers is more focused on imparting knowledge and has less impact on students' life and psychology.
Are you online? Have you ever heard of or seen students around you hurting themselves or others? On the question, 60% of the students choose? Attack others? 44% of students choose? Self-mutilation? Option, 12% student choice? Suicide? . It can be seen that most students attack others and hurt themselves internally when facing psychological problems, and some students commit suicide. These problems have to attract our great attention. In the face of psychological crisis, how can we guide students to use the right methods to relieve pressure and face their negative emotions, and how can we turn negative psychology into positive energy? This requires correct life education for students.
Answer? How can schools face psychological crisis and teach students how to protect themselves and cherish life? When asking questions, most students said that the teacher only mentioned it occasionally or didn't talk at all in class. Although our school has also established a psychological crisis early warning system, 67% of the students said they had never heard of it, 25% said they had heard of it but had not contacted it, and only a few said they had contacted it. This data shows that our work needs to be further implemented. Besides training the school's psychological committee, we should also strengthen publicity and education among the school's teachers and students. Ask? How to carry out life education in schools? At that time, 52% and 40% students thought that lectures and special courses should be held, and some students said that they should actively provide psychological counseling. In fact, students welcome the life education provided by schools, and they also hope to gain more knowledge of life education from the education of schools and teachers.
Second, discuss
(A) to explore ways of life education
1. Preliminary construction of psychological crisis early warning mechanism. In recent years, the phenomenon of psychological crisis among students in secondary vocational schools is on the rise, and it is urgent to establish an early warning mechanism for psychological crisis in schools. In 2009, Xiamen formally established an emergency psychological crisis intervention group, whose members are mainly primary and secondary school teachers who have been engaged in school mental health education and teaching for a long time and have the qualification of national psychological consultants.
At present, our school has also established a psychological crisis early warning system, which is divided into general process and special process. The psychological crisis early warning system makes full use of students' strength, and recruits students who are interested in psychology and willing to serve their classmates from the whole school 1 10 class as psychological committee members. They are trained by full-time psychological teachers every Thursday afternoon. The organization of the psychological committee is the psychological committee of each class-the chairman of each professional department-the chairman of the psychological association. The general process is hierarchical reporting system. Psychologists pay close attention to the cases in the class in time, and report to the branch chairman in time when they find that the cases have bad emotions or behaviors. The branch chairman contacts the general chairman, and then the general chairman reports to the psychological teacher. The psychological teacher intervenes according to the actual situation, or contacts the class teacher and the moral education director of the branch, and reports to the school authorities or makes referrals when necessary. Special procedures and emergency reporting system, when the psychological committee finds a more urgent situation, they will report it directly to the psychological teacher, who will handle it according to the actual situation.
In addition, the mental health education center of the school also trains the head teachers of the whole school, suggesting that the head teachers of each class independently establish the early warning system of class psychological crisis, following the following three principles: (1) establish files and update them in time; Strict confidentiality and timely feedback; Prevent accidents and make timely referrals.
In most cases, the emergence of psychological crisis is a harbinger. The establishment of early warning system of school psychological crisis can achieve early detection and early intervention, and reduce unnecessary harm.
2. Infiltrate life education. Life education involves many subjects. It is inextricably linked with moral education, ethics education, value education, general education, civic education, character education and emotional education. . Therefore, in order to carry out life education in secondary vocational schools, in addition to the positive leading role of mental health education courses, other basic courses and professional courses should also include the content of life education in the scope of education. Besides formal courses, we should also emphasize the practical actions of life education through informal courses and potential courses, especially experiential activities and service learning.
Infiltration teaching method can be used to implement life education in various basic courses and professional courses. Chinese class can make students learn all kinds of knowledge about disaster prevention and mitigation, and tell the importance and skills of correct escape. Physical education class can permeate knowledge such as how to actively exercise to keep healthy and how to learn to protect himself. Cooking courses can permeate knowledge such as how to prevent fire and how to use dangerous goods reasonably. The professional course of automobile maintenance can penetrate the knowledge of how to prevent explosion, how to drive safely and how to escape in case of emergency.
3. Establish students' mental health files and strengthen psychological counseling. At the beginning of students' enrollment, the school mental health education center uses professional psychological evaluation software to conduct psychological investigation on all freshmen, establish students' mental health files, pay timely attention to students with abnormal conditions reflected by the system, provide individual psychological counseling when necessary, and communicate with the class teacher to strengthen attention.
The establishment of mental health files also depends on the active cooperation of the class teacher. At present, we have established a declaration system for special students' psychological files. According to their own observation and understanding in the course of class, the head teachers of each class record the students' psychological state in time, screen the students with psychological crisis in each class, and form? Special student files? If necessary, contact a full-time psychological teacher to assist in screening and intervene in time.
4. Offering special courses of life education. Based on many years' experience, the teaching and research group of moral education in our school has developed a "life education brief book", which needs to be further applied and improved to form a school-based teaching material. The specific starting forms are as follows: (1) members of the moral education teaching and research group teach in the teaching class in combination with a series of life education courses; Life Education Reader forms a school-based curriculum and offers elective courses; Distribute this book to the class teacher through the Political and Educational Affairs Office, and encourage them to use the class meeting time to carry out life education; Give lectures to class teachers regularly, publicize all kinds of knowledge and information about life education, and make use of the strength of class teachers to carry out life education.
5. Collaborative education of all departments in the school. The Political and Educational Affairs Office uses flag-raising ceremonies or other school-wide gatherings to publicize students' knowledge of life education; Various professional departments use the practice between classes and the gathering time of other departments to carry out life education for students; The security department regularly conducts air defense and disaster prevention exercises every year for students to learn? Nip in the bud? . At present, the security department has carried out a relatively complete? Department linkage? System, can you do it? Three defenses? Linkage, that is, technical defense (monitoring and other technologies) and physical defense (fire extinguishers, batons, etc. ), civil air defense (infirmary, logistics, security, health management, professional departments, mental health education center, etc. ).
Three. conclusion
The survey found that the psychological crisis of secondary vocational school students is not optimistic. They have all kinds of psychological crises, and they don't know how to eliminate them in the right way, which is easy to cause adverse reactions. As school educators, it is urgent to educate students about life. After exploration, we can try from the following aspects: the initial construction of psychological crisis early warning mechanism; Infiltrate the discipline of life education; Establish students' mental health files and strengthen psychological counseling; Offering special "life education" courses; Collaborative education in all departments of the school.
I hope that through various forms of life education, the mental health of secondary vocational school students can be promoted, so that they can not only have a more sound sense of life, but also influence their relatives and friends with their own strength, so that our society can face the psychological crisis more correctly.
refer to
[1] Zhang Aixian, Wang Yonggang. Analysis on one of the important sources of juvenile delinquency-psychological crisis of teenagers [J]. Chinese and foreign educational research, 20 10(06).
[2] Shenyong Yang. Causes and countermeasures of college students' psychological crisis. Journal of guizhou minzu university (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) [J].2006(04).
[3] Wang Beisheng, Yamy. Should primary and secondary schools in China be strengthened? Life education? Research and practice of [J]. Journal of Henan Education Institute (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) (Volume 27), 06, 2008.
[4] Li Xuefeng. Investigation on psychological crisis of vocational school students and its root causes. Journal of Anhui Electronic Information Vocational and Technical College [J].20 1 1(06).
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