"Zhang Hanjie Shepard, lie down and exercise, and the festival is coming." Bangu's Biography of Su Wu and Biography of Su Wu are one of the most outstanding masterpieces in Hanshu. Described the story of Su Wu's mission to the Huns, who persisted in moral integrity in the face of threats and inducements, lived up to his mission and struggled hard. It vividly depicts the glorious image of a "rich but unyielding" patriot. The author uses the vertical structure commonly used in writing biographies to organize articles, mainly in chronological order, and appropriately uses the interpolation method to describe them in chronological order, with clear context and complete stories. The article is roughly divided into three parts.
1. Original:
Wu, the word, is a young father, and all brothers are lang. Slightly moved to the stable prison. In the Han Dynasty, even when Hu was beheaded, how many envoys got a glimpse. Huns and Lu went to the Han Dynasty for more than ten generations. The Huns gave it to me, and the Han people kept it. In the first year of Tian Han, in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tang Gong was afraid that the Han Dynasty would attack him and said, "I am the son of the Han Dynasty." They were all returned to Ambassador Han Lu and others. Emperor Wu Jia's righteous act was to send troops to the corps commander to observe the festival and leave the Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty. Because of his generosity, he repaid his kindness. Wu and his deputy corps commander, as well as the pseudo-official Chang Hui, etc., raised more than 100 scouts, who not only arrived in Xiongnu, but also left coins in Khan; Khan is arrogant, but he does not expect it.
If Fang wants to send troops, he will kill Wang and Chang Shuiyu to rebel against Xiongnu. Zhou Wang's younger sister, Zhou Wang Gou Jian, surrendered to Han with Zhou Wang and was left in the wild. And Wei law firm will surrender, and Yin Xiang will rob Khan and return to Han with his mother. While waiting for the Huns, Yu often knew his deputy in the Han Dynasty. When he was victorious, he said, "I heard that the emperor of the Han Dynasty was very disgusted with protecting the law and was often shot by the Han Dynasty. My mother and brother were in the Han Dynasty. Fortunately, they were rewarded by him. " John Zhang agreed, and often brought goods.
2. Translation
Su Wuzi was self-cleaning. When he was young, with his father's position, all three brothers became the attendants of the emperor and were gradually promoted to be officials in charge of the hunting tools of the emperor's pommel horse. At that time, the Han court continued to crusade against the Huns and sent envoys to spy on each other many times. Xiongnu detained and waited for more than a dozen Chinese envoys. Xiongnu envoys came, and Han Ting also detained them to offset them.
BC 100, and Lu just established Khan, afraid of being attacked by Han, so he said, "Han Di is my elder." These cultural relics were returned to Lu, the messenger of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty praised him for his understanding, so he sent Su Wu as a corps commander to escort the Xiongnu emissary stranded in Han to return home, and gave him a generous gift to thank him for his kindness. Su Wu and deputy corps commander John Zhang, temporary special envoy Chang Hui, and 100 infantry and reconnaissance personnel. When I arrived in Xiongnu, I dedicated my belongings to Khan. Khan's arrogance is not what Han expected.
Khan was about to send messengers to escort Su Wu and others back to Han, which coincided with the rebellion of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and Changshui people among the Huns. Zhou Wang's sister Gou Jian's son went to Han with Zhou Wang, and then returned with Zhuo Yehou Zhao Ponu. Among those who surrendered under Wei Law, E Shi, the mother who planned to kidnap Khan, secretly returned to Han. Just met Su Wu and others to the Huns. When Yu Chang was in the Han Dynasty, he kept in contact with Zhang Shengyou, the deputy envoy, and visited him privately, saying, "I heard that Emperor Gaozu hated Wei Law very much, so I could always ambush the crossbow for the Han Dynasty and shoot him. My mother and brother are both in Han, and I hope to be taken care of by Han Ting. " John Zhang promised him and gave the property to Yuchang.
3. Background introduction
Since the siege of Deng Bai by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang (200 BC), the Han Empire experienced Hui Di, Lv Hou, Wendi and Jingdi, and faced the threat of Xiongnu for decades. But the country still needs to accumulate strength, so it has been forbearing. After more than 60 years' recuperation, especially during the 40 years when Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi were in power, the empire became stronger and stronger, and the rule of father and son was highly praised by historians of past dynasties, calling it "the rule of cultural scene".
Emperor Wu ascended the throne, and when the time was ripe, he wrote: "The high emperor left me with the worry of calming the city, and when I was high, I was single-minded and never rebelled." Yesterday, Qi Xianggong recovered from the ninth, which was a great spring and autumn period. "It is imperative to launch a counterattack against the Huns who have repeatedly violated the imperial border. The war lasted for a hundred years.
Xiongnu's military strength is strong enough, which is a hard and protracted war. Xiongnu, as a savage tribe wandering in the desert of Saibei, is extremely backward in production. They need to acquire the wealth of the civilized world through mutual annexation, plunder and aggression to supplement their needs. So everyone is belligerent, and everyone is good at fighting, because war is their means to get rich. However, when the Han Empire launched a war against the Huns, considering the property, it was actually not worth the loss. Every military action needs to use a lot of gold as military expenditure, which puts great pressure on imperial finance and will inevitably affect the country's economic development and people's lives.
4. Introduction to the author
Ban Gu (32-92), born in Fufeng Anling (now Xianyang, Shaanxi) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a famous historian and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. With father: Ban Biao; Sister Ban Zhao, also known as "Class Three" brother Ban Chao, is a great soldier who joined the army to serve the western regions.