Zhuangzi:
Zhuangzi, whose real name was Zhuang Zhou (369- 286 BC), was a Mongolian in the Song Dynasty and a philosopher in the Warring States Period. He is a representative of the Taoist school.
Zhuang Zhou should not be employed by Chu Weiwang because he advocates freedom. He only worked as a lacquer garden official in the Song Dynasty. History is called "the proud official of Qiyuan" and is regarded as a model of local officials. Zhuangzi first put forward the idea of "sage inside and king outside", which had a far-reaching influence on Confucianism. Zhuangzi's works like to explain philosophy in a fascinating way, which is called "the philosophy of literature, the literature of philosophy".
Main works:
Zhuangzi's works are included in the book Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi was written in the pre-Qin period. Sima Qian said that Zhuangzi had written more than 100,000 words, and Han Shu Literature and Art Records recorded 52 articles. There are only 33 articles in Zhuangzi with more than 65,000 words, which are divided into three parts: internal articles, external articles and miscellaneous articles.
Among them, there are seven chapters: Xiaoyao Xing, The Principle of Everything, Master of Health, Human Life, Dechong Mansion, Tai Shang Huang and Emperor Ying.
Chapter 15: Thumb, Horseshoe, Ruxiang, Heaven and Earth, Heaven, Destiny, Deliberate, Moderation, Autumn Water, Happiness, Happiness, Mountain Tree and Tian Zifang.
Eleven miscellaneous articles: Geng Sangchu, Xu Wugui, Ze Yang, foreign objects, fables, letting the king, stealing the foot, telling the sword, fishing father, setting the imperial court, and the world.
Ancient evaluation:
Xunzi in the Warring States Period: Zhuangzi was hidden in the sky and didn't know anyone. ("Xunzi reveals the secret").
Han, Sima Qian: He knows everything, but it is attributed to Laozi's words. So he wrote hundreds of words, which is probably a fantasy. Being good at books, deviating from words, referring to things and feelings, stripping Confucianism and ink by plagiarism, although it is impossible to justify it in the contemporary world.
Tang and Bai Juyi: Everything is unified, but my way is different from that of China people. Therefore, the essence is the same, and husband and wife are better than snakes and insects. (Reading Zhuangzi).
Song and Wang Anshi: Our new poems are self-absorbed and sung in this hall. Officials are not angry but powerful, and the people have the wind of Zhuang Zhou. I learned about the idle wooden ropes in the court, and I thought of the royal silk tree in the living room. When you get it when you are floating, you will want to be a Weng. (Mengcheng Qingyantang).
Ming and Xu Wei: Zhuang Zhou is indifferent to life and death, and he is extremely broad-minded. What is number theory, and life and death are important? People who know nothing can't see it. No name, no biography, including nobles. (Reading Zhuangzi).