In general literary appreciation, people often pay attention to seeing the whole leopard from a glimpse and oppose taking it out of context, because taking it out of context is only a paragraph of the article, which is often inconsistent with the original intention or even the opposite, and is prone to mistakes. In fact, it is not necessarily a bad thing to take it out of context. Sometimes we can see optimism from pessimism and find positive factors from negativity by using this method. This is the case with The Moral Understanding of Qiu Shui (excerpt), the first volume of senior high school Chinese published by People's Education Press.
The article "Autumn Water" is intended to show that everything in the world is relative, temporary and unpredictable. Zhuangzi used this article to promote his relativism and agnosticism. Although there are dialectical factors in this way of understanding things, it belongs to the subjective idealism system and is not desirable. However, when Zhuangzi expressed his thoughts, he seldom made abstract summaries or theoretical logical arguments. He likes to use fables to explain the truth and visualize philosophy. People's understanding of fables often exceeds Zhuangzi's own writing intention. The excerpt of the text is the opening paragraph of the full text of Qiushui. The author originally described Hebo's magnificent and smug story of seeing the Yellow River, but after seeing the North Sea, he lamented that the size of things was relative. However, as an independent fable, it brings us multiple inspirations, such as:
Don't stick to your own opinions and stand still;
(2) Maintain the virtue of modesty, which benefits and is full of losses;
3 people are self-aware;
(4) Only comparison can distinguish;
5 shy, almost brave;
6 stand tall and see far;
7 arrogance is due to ignorance;
Only by constantly surpassing ourselves can we develop;
Pet-name ruby to have a broad mind and lofty aspirations;
Attending personal knowledge is limited, to understand that there are mountains outside the mountain, there are days behind, to study hard and make continuous progress;
……
Can you say that these fables do not conform to the fables themselves? And so many revelations are taken out of context. In fact, people's understanding of Zhuangzi's other articles is mostly like this. For example, in the article "The Lord of Health Preservation", it is a negative philosophy of life to explain the way to avoid all contradictions with the story of an expert who solves cows. But just looking at this story, we can get the following enlightenment: everything has its objective laws. As long as you practice repeatedly and accumulate experience, you can understand like an expert. His famous saying "My life is limited, but my knowledge is limited" has been inspiring people to study against time for thousands of years and master as much knowledge as possible in a limited life. In fact, the back of this sentence is "with the limit, it is almost impossible; Knowing what you already know is almost the same. " Connecting the whole sentence is: "human life is limited, but the ocean of knowledge is infinite." It is dangerous to pursue infinite knowledge with limited life. In this case, if you continue to pursue it, you will fall into a more dangerous situation and cannot extricate yourself. " It turns out that what he means is to tell people not to pursue knowledge, which runs counter to our understanding!
In short, taking things out of context under special circumstances will bring us unexpected gains. As long as we learn to draw positive and beneficial elements from it, we will know things, understand life and enhance our ideological realm. But remember: this way of understanding articles is only suitable for individual articles and is not universal.
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