Food culture 1
A Brief Analysis of Taiwan Province's Diet Culture
Abstract: Diet is a kind of life and a kind of cultural expression. Taiwan Province's special historical background, outstanding island characteristics and unique cultural customs have jointly formed a diversified food culture. The food culture in Taiwan Province Province is mainly Fujian Minnan food culture, but it also combines the characteristics of Chinese mainland food culture. This paper aims to give people a general understanding of the food culture in Taiwan Province Province through the introduction of the food culture in Taiwan Province Province.
Keywords: Taiwan Province Province; Food culture; Locality; change
Taiwan Province Province is the largest island in China, located near the Tropic of Cancer. The warm and humid climate is the best environment for breeding fresh fruits and vegetables, and the position facing the sea is rich in all kinds of seafood. Due to the unique natural environment and the fusion of various food cultures, the authentic cuisine of Taiwan Province people has been created. For people in Taiwan Province Province, diet is a kind of life and a kind of cultural expression. In particular, the special historical background and outstanding island characteristics of Taiwan Province Province, as well as many foreign nationalities, make the food culture more diversified. Here, not only Chinese food from various departments has been developed, but also exquisite delicacies from all over the world, including American, European, Japanese, subtropical and Mediterranean delicacies, which can be eaten in Taiwan Province Province. As one of Chinese cuisines, Taiwanese cuisine occupies an important position in Taiwan Province Province, becoming the most basic diet in Taiwan Province Province and deeply loved by people in Taiwan Province Province. Food culture in Taiwan Province Province is closely related to local products and cultural traditions. Based on the unique historical culture and geographical environment of Taiwan Province Province, it is a diversified food culture formed through cultural integration.
It is universally acknowledged that China's food is the best in the world. Taiwan Province Province has inherited the tradition of Chinese cuisine, but due to the different paths of historical development, it has formed today's colorful personality, which also reflects the openness and diversity of Taiwan Province's culture. Mr. Liang Shiqiu once said? The diet in Taiwan Province Province belongs to Minnan series, and seafood is well managed. How much soup do you have? This may be because Taiwan Province Province is separated from Minnan only by a water, and its geographical environment and climate products are similar. Most of the ancestors of Taiwan Province Province immigrated from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, Fujian Province, so we can easily see the local flavor of Minnan in the early food culture of Taiwan Province Province. However, in 1949, the Kuomintang regime retreated to Taiwan Province Province, bringing local delicacies from all over the mainland. Since then, the major mainland cuisines have been developed in Bao Dao, gradually forming diverse and unique cuisines? Taiwan Province food? Culture. Snacks in Taiwan Province Province are very distinctive. They come from the folk, take root in the local area, and are deeply loved by diners with their simple and natural quality, thus creating the most representative food culture in Taiwan Province Province. Fan Ju? Fried with oyster omelet? 、? Mandarin fish belly porridge? 、? Fried rice noodles? 、? Wanluan trotters? 、? What are the surface lines of cockroaches in large intestine? 、? Is it sweet? 、? Tainan's burden surface? 、? Coffin board? 、? Burning grass? 、? Barreled rice cake? 、? Flower branch soup? 、? Braised pork rice? Wait, they are all famous snacks with Taiwan Province flavor.
1, Fujian Hakka food culture
Among the immigrants in Taiwan Province Province, Minnan immigrants have the longest time and the largest number, so Fujian cuisine can be said to be the main axis of Taiwan Province cuisine and the most important food culture in Taiwan Province Province. Fujian cuisine is famous for its popular soup and cooking food, especially its fresh, mellow and meaty flavor, which is unique and has three flavors: sweet, light and sour. Three deviations? Features. In addition, Taiwan Province Province, like Fujian Province, has a strong tea drinking culture, likes to make pot tea, and pays attention to the delicacy and brewing method of tea sets, which is particularly popular? Kung fu tea? . In history, Taiwan Province Province also produced several famous purple clay pots with strong heat resistance and elegant appearance, such as spring and autumn gardens and dish pots.
2. Minority diet culture
The native Chinese in Taiwan Province Province are a mixture of Minnan dialect, Hakka dialect and aborigines (Taiwan Province Province is called? Aboriginal people? ) and other ethnic groups. In addition to Minnan food culture, the food culture also integrates the traditional food culture of various ethnic minorities.
? Hakka? It is a unique ethnic group in the Han nationality. Hakka has a history of 200-300 years in Taiwan Province Province. At present, there are 4 million people, accounting for 1/6 of Taiwan's population. They have their own unique food culture. The traditional Hakka diet is closely related to the past agricultural labor life. Among them, the rice made of glutinous rice has become a famous Hakka staple food because of its long preservation time, including rice strips and vegetable bags. Because there are few fresh foods, there are many sour, salty and pickled vegetables. For example, shredded ginger and large intestine, braised pork with dried plum, bacon and Hakka stir-fried dishes are all well-known Hakka dishes.
The indigenous diet comes from nature, such as mountain meat, fish, wild vegetables and agricultural products. There are many kinds, but the way to eat is simple and heroic. Many Gaoshan people still retain many traditional features. For example, the Yami people in Lan Yu have different restrictions on eating fish. Indigenous people like to drink, especially their own millet wine brewed with rice or chestnuts, which tastes sweet and presents a unique drinking culture.
3. Food supplement culture
Medicinal diet is a wonderful flower in China traditional medicine and food cooking, and it is the crystallization of food culture and Chinese medicine culture: food culture is the content and Chinese medicine culture is the foundation. The biggest feature of medicated diet is that it is suitable for men, women and children. What did he say first? Rice? That is, food is the mainstay; And then what? Medicine? Its efficacy lies in food. Modern medicated diet is based on Chinese traditional medical theory, combined with the research results of modern nutrition, carefully designed the proportion of various nutritional components, cooked with Chinese medicine and food, taking into account the curative effect of drugs and delicious taste at the same time, before it can be received? Food helps medicine, medicine helps food? Effect.
Taiwan Province Province, like the southern part of the mainland, is very particular about complementary food. Now it can be said to be a healthy food culture. In Taiwan Province Province, health care and old age prevention? Yin and yang complement each other? ,? Harmony of five elements? The concept of equality is profound. At present, there are mainly vegetarian diet, raw food, organic diet, fasting therapy and traditional Chinese medicine diet therapy in Taiwan Province Province. Do people in Taiwan Province Province often come here? Four gods soup? (Yam, Euryale ferox, Lotus seed, Poria) is a famous nourishing snack as a nourishing drink.
4. Snack culture
The origin of snacks in Taiwan Province Province is closely related to people's lives, which can best interpret the local culture of Taiwan Province Province and reflect the true side of folk life. ? Take local materials? This is the specialty of snacks. The night market is the best place to experience snacks in Taiwan Province Province. With its rich local characteristics and authentic local flavor, it has captured the stomachs of local people and the hearts of tourists in Taiwan Province Province. Not only are there many kinds of snacks, but compared with the exquisite traditional food in China, there is a sense of freedom without sedentary. There are night markets all over Taiwan Province Province, which are mostly located in transportation hubs, temple fairs and markets. There are the largest number of people and the earliest development. Taiwan Province Province is small, but due to the different cultural characteristics of different places, all night markets have their own special snacks for a long time.
In addition to a wide variety of snacks, the effect of food stalls gathering people has driven the entry of people's livelihood consumer goods, such as all kinds of clothing, shoes and hats stalls and department stores, restaurants and so on. Eat? As the main form of night market, it has increased? Shopping? Interest,? Have fun and eat? It has become the biggest feature of Taiwan's night market, thus gathering more people.
5. Fast food culture
The introduction of fast food culture has impacted many snack cultures, because it is fast and convenient, but it also makes some regional food cultures disappear step by step. In the past, the eating habits and culture with rich regional flavor gradually disappeared because the new generation gradually accepted the taste of fast food, and the taste of hometown no longer existed. When tourists come to a strange place, they just need to find some fast food restaurants, and everything is safe and practical. Our hometown floats in a global restaurant full of French fries, fried chicken, coke and hamburgers.
refer to
[1] Jiao Tong, The Taste of Taiwan Province Province, Life and Reading, Xinzhi Sanlian Bookstore, 20 1 1.
[2] Liu Hanqin, Taiwan Province attractive snacks, cooking knowledge, 2009.
[3] Wang Xuetai, History of Chinese Food Culture, Guangxi Normal University Press, 2006.
[4] Lin Bozhuan, Diet Style of Gaoshan Nationality in Taiwan Province Province, Cooking Knowledge, 2004.
Paper on food culture II
On Jinling Food Culture
When it comes to diet, you must think of it? People eat for the sky? This old adage. Diet is closely related to people's daily life and is essential. The dietary life of each region and nation is different.
Keywords Jinling; Diet; culture
Nanjing is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with humid climate, fertile soil, abundant products, convenient transportation, strong economy and prosperous market. The ancient capital of the Six Dynasties? In ancient times, it was called Jianye, Jiankang, Jiangning and Jinling. As early as the Six Dynasties, Zuo Si's Five Degrees of Fu in the Western Jin Dynasty was the basis? Jinling Kerry Land, an ancient imperial island? To describe the grand occasion of Jinling at that time. A long history and ancient culture are the origins of the development of catering industry in Nanjing, and superior geographical conditions and prosperous market economy are the material basis for the existence and development of catering industry.
First, raw materials and products
Famous in Nanjing? Land of plenty? Famous for its well-developed land and water transportation, aquatic products, poultry and vegetables are listed all the year round, and Jinling people pay the most attention to the seasonality of diet. Superior natural conditions provide rich characteristic resources for Jinling cuisine with a long history. Each region has its own unique specialties and raw materials, and the processing of these raw materials also has its own special methods, forming its own local flavor characteristics. Nanjing has distinct seasons all year round, so it can grow both southern crops and northern crops. It can be said that it is a collection of crops from the north and the south, which has formed a distinct regionality.
Second, the combination of food and medicine.
Dietotherapy has a long history in China. It has a tradition of closely linking cooking skills with medical care since ancient times, and it was highly valued thousands of years ago. Medical and food homology? 、? Drugs and diet work together? Using the medicinal value of food raw materials, we can cook all kinds of delicious food to prevent and treat diseases. Nanjing's specialty? Chrysanthemum waterlogging has this effect. Chrysanthemum waterlogging, also known as chrysanthemum brain, chrysanthemum leaves, chrysanthemum vegetables and so on. , is a perennial wild flower of Compositae. The edible part is its tender tip. It is rich in vitamins, protein, flavonoids and volatile oil. According to Chinese medicine? Chrysanthemum is waterlogged, sweet, cool and non-toxic. Has the effects of clearing away heat, cooling blood, regulating appetite, lowering blood pressure, cooling and detoxicating. Suitable for upset stomach heat, constipation, bitter taste, headache and red eyes. ? What was sown that year can be harvested before Qingming at the latest. Does Nanjing know? A stove? It is said that almost every family must eat chrysanthemum stains in midsummer. At this time, it is the best time to exert its efficacy, and it is also the time when people need it most. It can not only relieve summer heat, but also be a delicious food, which is enough to show its effects of clearing heat and cooling blood, regulating appetite, lowering blood pressure, cooling and detoxifying. The combination of food and medicine has been fully reflected in it.
Third, pay attention to seasonal eating habits.
Nanjing people seem to be very talented in diet, and they often associate diet with seasons. Like what? Is there a knife in spring and a herring in summer? 、? Are there fat ducks in autumn and vegetables in winter? 、? Little summer eel race ginseng? ,? Winter crucian carp and summer carp? 、? Rice, duck oil and so on. People master the growth law of raw materials, use different raw materials in different seasons, and pay attention to eating them at the right time. This also shows the close relationship between dietary raw materials and seasons. Recorded in the Book of Rites? Spring is sour, summer is bitter, autumn is bitter and winter is salty. How about smooth and sweet? That is to say, the taste should be in season. Seasoning should also be prepared on time, such as? Use onions in spring and mustard in autumn. Dolphin, leek in spring, Polygonum hydropiper in autumn. ? Since ancient times, we have always followed the seasonality of spices and side dishes, with strong winter and light summer; Stewed in winter and refrigerated in summer. Pay special attention to arranging the menu according to the season. As a generation of gourmet Yuan Mei said in the seasonal forecast of Eating with the Garden, it is beneficial to eat cattle and sheep in winter and move to eat in summer. Not at the right time. ? Radish is out of date, but the heart is empty; Mountain bamboo shoots are bitter when they are expired, and bones are hard when they are expired. The so-called four seasons, the winner retreats, and the essence is exhausted. This means that it is out of season to eat cattle and sheep suitable for winter in summer. Radish is hollow and tasteless after expiration, and mountain bamboo shoots are bitter after expiration; Swordfish and bonito will harden after expiration. Everything grows in the chronological order of the four seasons. After the heyday, the essence is exhausted? . Yuan Mei's incisive exposition shows that people have noticed the influence of natural changes on diet and the combination of diet and seasons.
Fourth, the prosperous catering industry.
The development of cooking in China can be said to have started from the Sui and Tang Dynasties (or earlier), experienced the development period of feudal society, and the catering industry was also developing in ups and downs. The exchange of foreign trade has enriched the food raw materials for cooking in China. The unification of multi-ethnic groups enables the exchange of cooking skills from all over the world. In particular, the appearance of many cooking works has made China's cooking slowly transition from technical to a new stage of knowledge research. The prosperity of Tang society provided rich and colorful raw materials and varieties for the catering industry. At that time, the pastry production in Nanjing had reached a considerable level. Gu Tao listed it as "Qing Louis"? Seven wonders of health? It can reflect the cooking level of Nanjing chefs at that time. ? Face-to-face, wonton soup watching, cake printing, rice wiping the table, warm noodles wearing knots, cakes (one for vinegar) persuading people, and cold chewing disturbing people. ? It says here: chopped pickled sauerkraut can see a mirror on average; Wonton soup is as clear as clear water, and it can be written by grinding ink when injected into inkstone; The cake is very thin, such as cicada wings, and the following words can be reflected; The rice grains are smooth, and the table is not broken or sticky; Tough as nepotism, constantly knotting; Bread is insoluble in water and can be used as a wine lamp without leaking wine; The prickly heat is crisp and fragrant, and people within ten miles of chewing can smell it and call the police. Of course, this is some rhetoric, but it reflects the high cooking level of Nanjing chefs at that time. The development of agriculture and handicrafts has brought prosperity to commerce. In the Tang dynasty, not only restaurants were widely distributed, but also big cities had lively restaurants? Night market? Supply. ? Parking at night near Qinhuai restaurant? Singing backyard flowers across the river? (Bo Qinhuai by Du Mu). It can be seen that the night market can hold banquets at that time, which shows that the business of the catering industry was very prosperous at that time.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) external influence
China's food culture directly affects Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Thailand, Singapore and other countries, and is the axis of the oriental food culture circle; At the same time, it also indirectly affects Europe, America, Africa and Oceania, such as vegetarian culture, tea culture, sauce and vinegar, pasta, medicated diet, ceramic tableware and soybeans in China, which have benefited billions of people all over the world. Due to the influence of politics, the population of Nanjing moved many times, and each dynasty change brought some foreign residents (including businessmen), which brought new contents to the traditional diet of Nanjing and created excellent opportunities for communication with the outside world. In the long-term development, on the one hand, catering life is eclectic and influenced by foreign dishes; On the other hand, many of Nanjing's techniques and dishes were spread to other places, but they kept the local characteristics of the region in mutual communication, making it more regional and local. As famous at that time? Beijing roast duck? It first started in Jinling. A famous roast duck restaurant in Beijing? Old cheap square? Made in 1934. The first braised roast duck? Advertising:? Our workshop has been moved to Jinling for more than 300 years. It started with duck stew and roast chicken, refining various recipes. It has been praised by Chinese and foreign scholars for many times, and it is recognized that the chicken and duck cooked by our workshop is the first delicious food in China, which conforms to the hygiene purpose. It is recorded in European and American magazines (China diet talks about ancient times)? . However, Jinling Roast Duck has been further developed in Beijing, and they choose to fill the duck to make it more full and tender. This also embodies the purpose of seeking development through communication and promoting innovation through development, and also reflects the integration of the whole Chinese nation from one side.
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