Ginkgo trees are tall and straight with fan-shaped leaves. The canopy is large and cool, which has a cooling effect. The leaves are quaint and have a long life. No pests and diseases, no pollution to the environment, smooth trunk, is a famous pollution-free tree species, which is conducive to the reproduction of Ginkgo biloba and add scenery. Strong adaptability, Ginkgo biloba has extensive requirements for climate and soil. Smoke and dust resistance, fire resistance and toxic gas resistance. Ginkgo tree is tall and straight, graceful, green in spring and summer and golden in late autumn. It is an ideal tree species for landscaping and roadside. It can be used as an ideal cultivated tree species for landscaping, roads, highways, field forest nets and windbreaks. It is listed as one of the four long-lived ornamental tree species (pine, cypress, locust and ginkgo) in China.

Edible

Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as ginkgo biloba, consists of fleshy exocarp, bony mesocarp, membranous endosperm and seed kernel. Ginkgo biloba was listed as a royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. Japanese people have the habit of eating ginkgo every day. Westerners must eat ginkgo at Christmas. As far as eating methods are concerned, Ginkgo biloba mainly includes fried food, baked food, cooked food, side dishes, cakes, candied fruit, canned food, beverages and alcohol. It has the functions of eliminating phlegm, relieving cough, moistening lung and relieving asthma, but it can cause poisoning if eaten in large quantities.

food therapy

1. Bacteriostasis and sterilization

Ginkgo biloba leaves contain ginkgolic acid and ginkgolic acid, which have been proved by experiments to have antibacterial and bactericidal effects and can be used to treat respiratory tract infectious diseases. Ginkgo biloba extract can inhibit various fungi to varying degrees, and can relieve itching and treat tinea.

2. Eliminating illness and relieving cough Ginkgo biloba is sweet and bitter, and has the effect of astringing lung qi, relieving asthma and relieving cough. It has an auxiliary dietotherapy effect on cough caused by lung diseases, asthma with weak constitution in the elderly and asthma with various phlegm types.

3. Ginkgolic acid and ginkgol contained in the testa of Ginkgo biloba have anti-tuberculosis effects. Ginkgo biloba leaves soaked in oil have a strong inhibitory effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis, and fresh fruits soaked in raw vegetable oil have a certain effect on improving symptoms such as fever, night sweats, cough and hemoptysis, and loss of appetite caused by tuberculosis. Therefore, it can be used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis.

4. Stop turbidity and reduce stool.

Modern medical research has found that Ginkgo biloba can contract the bladder sphincter. It can be used for the adjuvant treatment of infantile enuresis, frequent micturition due to qi deficiency, excessive leucorrhea and unconsolidated nocturnal emission.

5. Reduce serum cholesterol and dilate coronary artery.

Ginkgo biloba leaves contain shikimic acid, ginkgo flavonoids, isoflavones, sterols and so on. In recent years, it has been used to treat hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cerebral vasospasm, hypercholesterolemia and other diseases.

Medicinal value

The medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in three aspects: medicine, pesticide and veterinary medicine. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Entering the lung meridian can benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba in Ben Feng Jing Yuan written by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the effects of resolving phlegm, detoxicating and killing insects, and can be used to treat "furuncle, ulceration of mammary abscess, dental caries, infantile diarrhea, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, chronic stranguria, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese patent medicines made of Ginkgo biloba appeared in Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places for clinical use.

economic value

Immature ginkgo biloba, also known as ginkgo biloba, belongs to the category of dried fruit, and its economic achievements can last for thousands of years. Among many dried fruits, Ginkgo biloba ranks third in economic value. The value of ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in food and medicine. China's ginkgo production accounts for 90% of the world's total output. Ginkgo biloba and ginkgo biloba are important products to earn foreign exchange through export, especially important pharmaceutical raw materials for preventing and treating hypertension and heart disease. Ginkgo biloba extract can protect the heart and brain. There are 160 kinds of known chemical extracts of Ginkgo biloba. There are mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, polyisoprene, quinic acid, linoleic acid, python oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, α-hexenal, bilobanol, bilobanone and so on. The medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba is mainly reflected in medicine, pesticides and veterinary drugs.

Ginkgo biloba was listed as a royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. Japanese people have the habit of eating ginkgo every day. Westerners must eat ginkgo at Christmas. As far as eating methods are concerned, Ginkgo biloba mainly includes fried food, baked food, cooked food, side dishes, cakes, candied fruit, canned food, beverages and alcohol. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Entering the lung meridian can benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba in Ben Feng Jing Yuan written by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the effects of resolving phlegm, detoxicating and killing insects, and can be used to treat "furuncle, ulceration of mammary abscess, dental caries, infantile diarrhea, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, chronic stranguria, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese patent medicines made of Ginkgo biloba appeared in Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places for clinical use. It has the functions of astringing lung and relieving asthma, and is mainly used for treating excessive phlegm, asthma, cough, nocturnal emission, leukorrhagia and frequent urination.

Ginkgo biloba exocarp contains a lot of hydrogenated ginkgolic acid and ginkgetin. Ginkgo biloba leaves have the function of regulating respiratory organs, and the water-soluble components of exocarp have good antitussive and expectorant effects, similar to cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. Ginkgo biloba leaves contain ginkgolic acid, which has a strong inhibitory effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis and dermatophytes, so it can be used to treat tuberculosis and dermatoses. The effective rate of epicarp alcohol intermediate in inhibiting 22 common clinical pathogenic fungi was 865438 0%. 0. 1% hydrogenated ginkgolic acid inhibited 25 clinical pathogenic fungi with an effective rate of 92%. Ginkgo biloba leaves have important medicinal value. Ginkgo biloba, bitter and astringent, contains biflavonoids. It has been proved by experiments and clinic that it can reduce serum cholesterol and dilate coronary artery, and has certain auxiliary treatment effect on coronary heart disease and hypertension. In 1960s, the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units developed Shuxuening injection with Ginkgo biloba leaves, which has certain curative effects on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and cerebrovascular diseases.

The inhibitory rate of Ginkgo biloba exocarp extract on apple anthracnose and other plant pathogens was 88%- 100%. The control rate of ethanol extract on geometrid reached 100% within 3 days, and it also had control effects on Tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, Chilo suppressalis and other pests. According to Compendium of Herbal Medicine of Folk Veterinary Medicine, Ginkgo preparation can treat strain of livestock, nasal congestion, lung abscess, cough due to lung deficiency, blood drop in urine, leucorrhea of female livestock, etc. Dingchuan decoction developed by Shandong Animal Husbandry Medical Station is used to treat infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens, and the cure rate is 95%. Ginkgo biloba leaves can also be used as pesticides. 1kg leaves add 20kg water, boil for 30min, and then soak for 2-3 days. The control rate of spiders and Pieris rapae is over 90%, and there is no residue. Ginkgo biloba L. uses the effective chemical components of Ginkgo biloba L. and its special medical and health care functions to produce health food, medicine and cosmetics, which is being paid attention to by research, development and production units at home and abroad. Many enterprises in various countries compete to develop and produce natural green products with ginkgo as raw materials to replace synthetic chemicals that have great side effects on human health. There are 20,000 kinds of ginkgo beverage, ginkgo peach juice, ginkgo beer, ginkgo tea and other health products developed from ginkgo leaves in Dafeng Ginkgo Base, Jiangsu Province. Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province is in the forefront of the world in the planting and processing of Ginkgo biloba extract. Ginkgo biloba and ginkgo biloba leaves are used to make healthy pillows. It is recorded in the pillow that precious Chinese herbal medicines such as Ginkgo biloba leaves for more than three years were selected to make healthy pillows. Light and fragrant, it can improve the quality of human breathing and sleep, and can prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases after long-term use. A natural substance for preventing hypertension, apoplexy, diabetes, etc. It is caused by vascularization in adults, and makes adults maintain normal cardiac output and normal nervous system function, especially in middle-aged and elderly people, so that people can maintain normal cell life cycle as much as possible.

Ginkgo trees are tall and straight, and wood is a high-grade material for making musical instruments and furniture. Ginkgo wood is of high quality and low price, and is known as "silver fragrant wood" or "silver wood". Ginkgo wood has luster, straight texture, fine structure, easy processing, no cracking, strong corrosion resistance, easy painting, low nail digging power, special medicinal flavor and strong insect resistance. Ginkgo wood can be used to make carved plaques, wooden fish and other handicrafts, and can also be used to make high-end furniture such as cabinets and desks. Ginkgo biloba has the characteristics of singing, guiding sound and elasticity, and is an ideal material for making musical instruments It can be used to make surveying and mapping instruments, pens and other cultural goods, and it is also the first-class wood for making chessboards, chess pieces, sports equipment, seals and small handicrafts. In industrial production, silver wood is most suitable for making machine models and wooden models of X-ray machine filter plates, textile printing and dyeing rollers, bodiless lacquerware, plywood, chopping boards and wooden telephones.

Ginkgo biloba is recognized as an economic tree species with greening, beautifying environment and ornamental value. Ginkgo trees are magnificent in appearance, beautiful in leaf shape, long in life and few in pests and diseases. They are most suitable for shade trees, street trees or street trees. It has good ornamental value. Ginkgo biloba is lush in summer and golden in autumn, giving people a handsome, gorgeous, luxurious and elegant feeling. Therefore, ginkgo biloba is regarded as an important tree species in courtyards, sidewalks and gardens at all times and in all countries. When ginkgo biloba is used for street greening, male plants should be selected to avoid polluting pedestrians' clothes. Dandong is the first city in China to use Ginkgo biloba as a street tree, and there are three streets lined with centuries-old Ginkgo biloba.

Ecological value

The ecological value of ginkgo biloba was recognized late, and the highest level of ginkgo biloba value-ecological value, is priceless. The ecological benefits of Ginkgo biloba are mainly reflected in: from the perspective of cultivation, Ginkgo biloba belongs to fruit trees-dried fruits; Belongs to forest trees-timber trees, protective trees, insect-resistant trees, long-lived trees and pollution-resistant trees. Ginkgo biloba is an ideal tree species for fast-growing and high-yield forest, farmland shelterbelt, road shelterbelt, bank protection forest, beach shelterbelt, village shelterbelt, forest-grain intercropping and "four sides" greening. It can not only provide a large number of high-quality wood, leaves and seeds, but also green the environment, purify the air, conserve water and soil, control pests, adjust temperature and psychology. It is a good tree species for afforestation, greening and ornamental, which is of great significance to the adjustment of agricultural and forestry planting structure in the north and south of China and the forestry development in plain agricultural areas.

I. Greening the environment

Ginkgo biloba is recognized as a pollution-free tree species and the most ideal tree species for ornamental greening. Parks, gardens, communities, roadsides, urban greening and ginkgo planting can be described as "once and for all".

Second, purify the air.

Ginkgo biloba has the functions of preventing pollution, fireworks and dust. Ginkgo trees can be planted in industrial areas, residential areas, towns, densely populated areas and rest areas. According to a certain proportion, ginkgo forest area and ginkgo forest belt will be formed to naturally purify the air, reduce the content of suspended solids in the atmosphere and improve the air quality.

Three. conservation of water and soil

Ginkgo biloba has the functions of water conservation, wind and sand fixation, and soil and water conservation. In areas where deforestation, soil erosion and sandstorm erosion are serious, ginkgo shelter forest, shelter forest, road shelter forest, bank protection forest, beach shelter forest, sand prevention forest, etc. Planting is to maintain soil and water and improve the ecological environment. 1996 Puding County, Guizhou Province takes planting ginkgo biloba and developing ginkgo biloba industry as the road to get rid of poverty and become rich. The soil erosion in this county is serious, even a handful of soil should be planted with a corn, and the ground is covered with carboniferous azithromycin particles. In order to prevent soil erosion, farmers planted Ginkgo biloba, which not only improved the ecological environment, but also generated economic income (Ginkgo biloba leaves were sold to processing plants). Nowadays, Ginkgo biloba has been regarded as a new way to get rid of poverty and become rich in Dabie Mountain, Daba Mountain, Yimeng Mountain and other old, less and marginal areas, that is, planting Ginkgo biloba, improving the ecological environment and forming an industrial economy, which has multiple benefits.

Fourth, pest control.

Ginkgo biloba can kill crop diseases and insect pests, especially cotton, spider mite, peach aphid, Chilo suppressalis and so on. Planting ginkgo around agricultural areas is the natural enemy of crop pests and protects crops.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) regulates temperature.

Ginkgo tree has the special function of being warm in winter and cool in summer. In midsummer, the palm of your hand will feel cold when touching the trunk of Ginkgo biloba, and it will feel hot when touching other trunks (willows). According to the measurement, in midsummer, when the direct sunlight reaches 40.20℃, the temperature under ginkgo tree is 35.30℃, and the temperature difference between the temperature and the shade of ginkgo tree is 4.90℃, while the temperature difference between weeping willows is only 2.30℃, and the temperature adjustment ability of ginkgo tree is more than twice that of willow tree. Therefore, the construction of ginkgo forest area and ginkgo forest belt will form a scale, which will cause the climate of the community and have a good impact on regulating the temperature of farmland and residential areas and improving the climate.

artistic value

Ginkgo bonsai ginkgo is magnificent, its trunk is winding and lush. In the famous mountains and rivers and ancient temples in China, there are tall and straight ancient ginkgo biloba. They go through vicissitudes, trace back to ancient and modern times, and give people a sense of mystery. Poets and poets of past dynasties set foot in temples and left many poems and songs, proud of their beautiful scenery and merits. Ginkgo biloba with graceful posture is selected and processed into bonsai, and the majestic posture of Ginkgo biloba in nature is concentrated in the basin. It is elegant and interesting, and it is clear to the desk, which makes people feel happy.

Ginkgo biloba is a famous long-lived tree species, with strong vitality, peculiar leaf shape and easy grafting, reproduction and pruning. It is a high-quality material for making bonsai. Ginkgo bonsai made of ginkgo milk is a must, with high ornamental value and economic value. Ginkgo biloba is a common tree species in bonsai in China. Ginkgo bonsai has become a must among China bonsai because of its thick stems, bent branches, exposed roots, unique shape, vigorous and unique taste. Summer is lush, and autumn is golden, giving people a feeling of precipitousness, grandeur and elegance. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to it, and it is known as "living art sculpture". According to people's different appreciation requirements, bonsai mainly includes ornamental bonsai, foliage bonsai and stump bonsai.

Protect value

Ginkgo biloba is the only living species of Ginkgo, which is a famous living fossil plant, precious medicinal materials and dried fruit tree species. Because of its many primitive characteristics, it is of great value to study the phylogeny of gymnosperms, paleoflora, paleogeography and Quaternary glacial climate. The leaves are peculiar and quaint, and they are beautiful garden ornamental trees. It has strong resistance to soot and sulfur dioxide and is an excellent anti-pollution tree species. Seeds are used as dried fruits. Leaves and seeds can also be used in medicine.

Endangered category: rare

Protection level: this species has been listed as a national first-class protected wild plant (approved by the State Council on August 4th, 1999).

West Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang Province is one of the nature reserves in China, and the harvesting of wild ginkgo in this area should be strictly prohibited. On the steep rock wall at an altitude of 1000 meters, the trunk of an ancient ginkgo tree with five generations living under one roof is regenerated from the trunk and the trunk base, and reinforced with stones. The scattered ancient ginkgo trees in China should also be protected; Many provinces and regions have cultivated it.

In addition, with the approval of the State Forestry Administration, Qianchong Ancient Ginkgo National Forest Park was established in Anlu City, Hubei Province. The annual meeting of the National Ginkgo Society in 2009 is scheduled to be held here, which will eventually be upgraded to the first Ginkgo Festival in China and the opening ceremony of Qianchong Ancient Ginkgo Forest Park.