Rattan notoginseng has a high survival rate and is very easy to manage. It has the advantage of regulating diseases. Under the condition of proper management methods of greenhouse cultivation, it is not necessary to apply all chemical fertilizers. It is a pure natural jadeite health care product, which is worth developing and planting. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the increasing awareness of health care, rattan notoginseng, a green and healthy vegetable and fruit, is increasingly recognized by people. I firmly believe that in the near future, rattan notoginseng will certainly produce very rich economic benefits for growers.
First, the growth habits of rattan notoginseng
1, biological characteristics
Panax notoginseng has a thick rhizome, and after one year of colonization, many stem blocks grow on the roots. In the growing period, the tender stems and vines are emerald green, the old stems and vines turn dark brown, and adventitious roots are easy to grow on the nodes. The leaves are heart-shaped; 8- 15cm long; 9- 16cm wide and 0.2cm thick; Meat quality; Smooth; Hairless, thin stems. Beads can grow on the petiole, 2-4 cm in diameter; In autumn, white emerald racemes grow from petioles.
2, the provisions of the natural environment standards
Rattan pseudo-ginseng likes temperature and humidity, is drought-resistant and water-resistant, and has strong adaptability to soil layer, and its roots are mostly distributed in the soil layer within 10 cm. It is full of vitality, even if the leaves are not harvested within 2 months, the leaves below are green and the leaves are getting bigger and bigger. Roots and rhizomes are good, and tend to grow buds and adventitious roots on the branches of stems and vines. Therefore, the regulation of soil layer is not strict, and it is appropriate to choose sandy loam with good permeability for cultivation. The suitable growth temperature of pseudo-ginseng is 5-30℃. Life practice shows that the main stem can be cultivated successfully in the open field under the standard of sufficient water and shading, and the shading shed with shading rate of about 45% is the most suitable for growth.
Second, the management method of greenhouse cultivation is technical.
1, cultivation method
Rattan notoginseng can be planted in spring, autumn and winter, and the economic benefit is the best in spring and autumn. Rattan notoginseng is a creeping vegetable and fruit, which is eaten with tender shoots and leaves. It is mainly to harvest leaves, and it is best to choose crawling cultivation, which is easy to take root on the stems of vines and notoginseng. Crawling cultivation is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the soil layer by the main stem, and the stems and leaves grow rapidly, which is more convenient for picking.
However, in the early stage of climbing cultivation, because the main stem touches the ground, sand and other wastes are easily attached to the leaves, endangering the quality of the leaves. In the middle and late stage, soil can not be cultivated, which is not conducive to filling organic fertilizer. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the cultivation techniques according to the countermeasures of pruning and pruning. Taking the harvesting of tender shoots as the leading factor, trellis cultivation is adopted. When the seedlings grow to 30-40 cm high, they should be immediately climbed with scaffolding and trimmed at the same time to promote the rapid emergence of lateral buds.
2. Breeding methods
There are two kinds of propagation methods of rattan and notoginseng, namely, stem and vine cutting and pearl bud propagation. Here, the key is to introduce the cutting of stems and vines.
Firstly, the seedling stage is prepared in the greenhouse, with a length of 5-6 meters and a total width of 1.2- 1.5 meters. The secret recipe of cultivation soil is 2/3 of edible fungus strains, garden soil13, evenly stirred, added with proper amount of dry pig manure, and sprinkled on the seedbed. The culture soil is thin and flat, and it is leveled with a rake.
Cut off the vines over 1 year and the stems and vines of Panax notoginseng, with the branch length of 15 cm, leaving 2-3 nodes to ensure the emergence rate. Insert it into the soil 4-5 cm deep along the growth direction of leaves, and keep a moderate spacing, which is beneficial to hair growth, and the water permeability is poured at one time without secondary watering; Insert bamboo strips into the plastic shed on both sides of seedling stage, so that the bamboo strips are firm, fasten the shed with plastic film, and seal the soil nearby is beneficial to the survival of vines and notoginseng.
The daily management method after cutting is also very important. 1-7 days, with the temperature controlled at 25-30 during the day and not lower than 10 at night. After 7 days, the temperature should be kept at 22-25 during the day and 6-8 at night. Moderate shading should be done within 3 days after cutting, and then shading should be done slowly after 4 days to facilitate the normal survival of green plants. After 7 days, the seedlings were tempered by moderate natural ventilation to prepare for the subsequent planting in advance.
Step 3 plant
1 mu prepare 1.500- 1.800 vine seedlings in advance before planting, and 1 mu apply 5000 kg of organic fertilizer for ploughing. No organic fertilizer can be used to ensure that its efficacy and function are not polluted by chemical pesticides. Dig 40 cm up and down with a shovel and turn over the garden soil and organic fertilizer.
The harrow is smooth and smooth, and the ridge with a width of 1.2m is cultivated in high ridge. First make a ridge with a height of 0.2m and a width of 0.3m, stamp it with two feet, and then make double ridges in the high ridge below, with a ridge distance of 0.45m long and deep. Dig the ground according to the plant spacing of 0.3m, transplant the seedlings with small water-stable layer, backfill the soil on the ridge into the ditch, straighten the seedlings, and finally loosen the soil. Choosing this planting method not only improves the soil temperature, but also creates the necessary standard for the growth of root tuber.