To annotate ...
1 ya: deposit, limit.
2 knowledge (zhiì): knowledge, intelligence.
3 follow: follow and ask.
4 Danger: Danger refers to exhaustion, mental injury and physical exhaustion.
⑤ Already: This, so; This refers to the situation that the limited life is used to ask for infinite knowledge.
⑥ Approaching: Approaching means pursuing and coveting.
⑦ Edge: Follow and follow. Du: Right, right. Traditional Chinese medicine has the theory that there are eight strange meridians. The so-called Du meridian is the middle meridian of the human back and has the function of Du meridian to help yang. "Fate" means following the meaning of Tao in nature.
Life: it is often used as "sex", and "whole life" means preserving nature.
Pet-name ruby: Literally speaking, the context can't be linked, and the old saying that parents don't have worries is far-fetched. For your reference.
Attend the end of the year: enjoy the end of the year and don't die.
translate
Human life is limited, but knowledge is infinite. Pursuing infinite knowledge with limited life will inevitably lead to exhaustion, so it is really dangerous to continue pursuing knowledge! Do what the world calls good without coveting fame and fortune, and do what the world calls evil without facing the humiliation of punishment. Follow the righteousness of nature, as a constant method to conform to things, so as to protect themselves, preserve their nature, and let their parents have no worries and enjoy the rest of their lives.
2. Guanzi's 40-word translation of the classical Chinese "Cultivation" holds that "people are the foundation of the body."
So why "for the body"? "Guanzi" said: "Showing blood is also a body, so that you can live a long life." "Tao and blood" means self-cultivation, which is the method of "being the body".
But the purpose is "long life", that is, to prolong life: "long heart" means to increase wisdom; "Virtue" means raising moral standards. "Pipe Repair" also said: "If you have a body, you will not be treated, and you will be treated with others; Some people died, and they stayed at home; If a family dies, Xi stays in the countryside; When a township dies, it stays in the countryside; If there is a country that cannot be cured, Xi will stay in the world ... Being there is the foundation of governance. "
If everyone in the world consciously cultivates self-cultivation and all behaviors conform to the norms, then the great governance of the world is at your fingertips. The monarch should be a model of self-cultivation.
Self-cultivation can cultivate good moral character and demeanor. "Guanzi" has four articles devoted to self-cultivation, namely, upper and lower mind, white heart and internal strength.
The article repeatedly discusses the concepts of Tao, essence, qi, spirit and nature, and discusses the function of heart. "Heart" refers to the function of the heart; "White heart" means new soul.
Internal skill and mental skill are interlinked, internal skill is mind and karma is skill. Therefore, these mysterious truths in Guanzi are all "internal repairs".
Therefore, it is clearly stated at the beginning of "Mind": "The heart is in the body, and the throne is also; There are jobs and official positions in Jiukong. The mind has its own way, and the nine orifices follow the principle.
Passion is full, eyes can't see color, ears can't hear sound. Therefore, it is said: from its path, we must not lose our jobs, not replace horses, and do our best; Do not fly instead of birds, so as not to damage their wings; Don't touch things yet so that we can see their rules.
If you move, you will lose your position, and if you are still, you will be complacent. "It means that the heart is in the human body and is in the position of a gentleman; Nine strokes do their job, just like the post of a hundred officials.
The activity of the heart conforms to the right path, and the nine orifices can operate according to the routine. The heart is full of lust and extravagant hopes, so the eyes can't see the color and the ears can't hear the sound.
Therefore, the superior is not right, and the inferior is lazy. Don't run instead of a horse, let it do its own thing; Don't fly instead of a bird, let it make full use of its wings.
Don't move things yet, so that we can observe the movement law of things. If you move, you will lose your position as a king, and if you are still, you will naturally grasp the law of movement of things.
Guanzi believes that the ideal state should be achieved through internal cultivation. Kindness-"Be kind and love where there is nothing."
Centering-"Centering is in the center, eyes and ears are smart, and four branches are powerful, which can be used as a fine house." Governing the heart-"First, governing the heart is in the middle, governing words from the mouth, and governing things in people.
However, the world is ruled. "wholeheartedly-"wholeheartedly in the heart, can not hide, and (know) in the description, in skin color. "
"The heart is all in the middle, the shape is all outside, and there is no natural disaster or man-made disaster." Big-hearted-"big and daring, broad-minded and broad-minded, its shape is safe and motionless."
Can keep one and abandon everything, see profit without temptation, see harm without fear. Being generous and kind, enjoying yourself, is like a cloud. "
(Guanzi infield) The heart is an organ that is "known by the essence". The above is the mental state of the "enlightened". If they meet the above standards of cultivation, even if they "respect their families and come naturally", there will be no more problems of "don't get rid of the library, the noble people will not give up".
How can we cultivate the "mind" to the ideal state? "Pipe" puts forward four methods. Very quiet.
"Righteousness" refers to "four-body" speech, and "quietness" refers to "blood gas" speech. "Guanzi Interior Industry" said: "All four bodies are positive, all blood and gas are quiet, and they are single-minded.
Eyes and ears are far away. "Four bodies can be straight, blood gas can be determined, and eyes and ears are not confused by the outside world. In this way, the understanding of distant things is the same as the understanding of nearby things.
Thinking produces wisdom, laziness and negligence produce anxiety, cruelty and pride produce resentment, depression produces disease, and disease leads to death. If a person thinks too much without rest, he will be embarrassed internally and intimidated externally. If he doesn't find a way soon, life will leave his body.
He also said: "if the shape is not correct, Germany will not come; If you are restless, your heart will die. It is extremely immoral to take virtue in a straight form, but if you know everything, you will not be afraid of arguing and not confusing things or officials. "
People who are not correct in appearance are not cultivated in virtue, and those who are restless in heart are not cured in heart. Correct appearance, modify Ned, such as the benevolence of heaven and the righteousness of earth, and you will gradually reach the realm of immortals and understand everything.
Keeping calm without making mistakes, not letting foreign objects disturb the five senses, and not letting the five senses disturb the heart, this is called "gaining something." "Guanzi" holds that if people can enter the realm of positive and quiet, their bodies will be tough and strong, and then they can hold their heads high, look like clear water, and observe like the sun and the moon.
As long as you don't lose this tranquility, your virtue will change with each passing day, and you can enlighten the world and even distant regions. It is impossible to hide a complete and comprehensive heart inside, which will be shown in physical appearance and color.
Greet people cordially and kiss each other like brothers; Evil and defects meet people, such as swords and spears. This kind of language that you don't have to speak by yourself is louder than thunder and drums.
The shape of this complete and comprehensive heart is brighter than the sun and moon, and it is more thorough than parents' understanding of their children. To achieve the realm of positive and quiet, saints judge things and are not dominated by them.
Maintain peace of mind and the country is stable; If we maintain ideological governance, the country will also govern. Governance is in the heart, and stability is also in the heart.
There is a well-managed heart inside, rubbing hands in the mouth will be "ruling words", and what is imposed on the people is "ruling things." Therefore, when the cause is revitalized and the people obey, the people will be well governed. You can achieve the realm of "a word is the world's service, and a word is the world's decision."
The second is fairness. Justice means harmony with the future.
Its opposition is "joys and sorrows". The article "Guanzi Interior Industry" said: "The life of a mortal must be fair, so if it is lost, it will be sad.
So stop your anger, stop your worries, be happy, be happy, be respectful, be respectful. Quiet and respectful, sex will be great. "
It means; People's lives must depend on peace and justice. The loss of life must be due to emotions and worries. It can be said that there is nothing like poetry, eliminating melancholy, music, abstinence and enjoyment, keeping rituals and keeping respectful and cautious.
3. How to translate this classical Chinese?
My life is limited and my knowledge is limited. There is a limit, no limit, almost 4; If you already know, it's only a matter of time. Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. Du Yuan thinks that after seven years, he can stay healthy, live for a lifetime, support his relatives and spend all his time in it.
To annotate ...
1 ya: deposit, limit.
2 knowledge (zhiì): knowledge, intelligence.
3 follow: follow and ask.
4 Danger: Danger refers to exhaustion, mental injury and physical exhaustion.
⑤ Already: This, so; This refers to the situation that the limited life is used to ask for infinite knowledge.
⑥ Approaching: Approaching means pursuing and coveting.
⑦ Edge: Follow and follow. Du: Right, right. Traditional Chinese medicine has the theory that there are eight strange meridians. The so-called Du meridian is the middle meridian of the human back and has the function of Du meridian to help yang. "Fate" means following the meaning of Tao in nature.
Life: it is often used as "sex", and "whole life" means preserving nature.
Pet-name ruby: Literally speaking, the context can't be linked, and the old saying that parents don't have worries is far-fetched. For your reference.
Attend the end of the year: enjoy the end of the year and don't die.
translate
Human life is limited, but knowledge is infinite. Pursuing infinite knowledge with limited life will inevitably lead to exhaustion, so it is really dangerous to continue pursuing knowledge! Do what the world calls good without coveting fame and fortune, and do what the world calls evil without facing the humiliation of punishment. Follow the righteousness of nature, as a constant method to conform to things, so as to protect themselves, preserve their nature, and let their parents have no worries and enjoy the rest of their lives.
4. Is there any explanation of the health theory [Three Kingdoms. Wei] Ji Kang's Jizhong Volume III On Health Preservation
The body is built by the spirit, and the spirit needs the existence of the body. Knowing the truth of being a man is easy to lose, and knowing that a mistake will endanger life. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate feelings to maintain the spirit, keep a calm mind to protect yourself, prevent love and hate from entering emotions, and hide troubles and joys in your heart, indifferent and indifferent, so as to maintain the essence and peace of your body. Pay attention to breathing and breathing, pay attention to diet and health, so that the spirit can be integrated with each other, both inside and outside.
The patient must be firm.
Patients must love their own lives, be firm in their hearts, be closed-minded, don't be paranoid, don't be angry, go on a diet and prune their roots. Otherwise, even the best medicine is useless.
5. Classical Chinese translation, classical Chinese translation methods: Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only examine the application of basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve the reading ability of classical Chinese and students' written expression ability.
Classical Chinese translation requires that every word should be implemented, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the supplement. Try to keep the language style of the original text.
For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it, so as not to be in a hurry to translate it as soon as we start. When you encounter difficult words in translation, you can put them down for the time being and weigh them after the translation.
After the full text is translated, read it through again and check the changes to prevent mistranslation, omission and mistranslation of songs. The basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.
The specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leave, delete, supplement, revise, tune and revise++++++++++If you have time, you can read more: the requirements of classical Chinese translation are "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance". "Faithfulness" means that the translation should be accurate, that is, the translation should be faithful to the original, and the original should be translated truly and properly by using modern Chinese.
"Da" means that the translation should be fluent, that is, it should conform to the grammar and usage of modern Chinese, and the words and sentences should be fluent without language defects. "Elegance" means that the translation should be beautiful and natural, that is, it should be vivid and vivid, and it should perfectly express the writing style of the original text.
Principles of Classical Chinese Translation In the process of classical Chinese translation, we must follow the principle of "every word has its place, combining literal translation with free translation, and giving priority to literal translation". This requires us to translate every word in a sentence in a specific way. As long as it has a certain real meaning, we must implement it word by word and occupy the corresponding seat.
When translating, we should directly change the classical Chinese into the corresponding modern Chinese according to the meaning and word order of the original text, so that words are inseparable from words and sentences. If the meaning is not smooth after literal translation, free translation should be used as an auxiliary means to make the meaning of the sentence as perfect as possible.
Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only examine the application of basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve students' reading ability and written expression ability. Classical Chinese translation requires that every word should be implemented, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the supplement.
Try to keep the language style of the original text. For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it, so as not to be in a hurry to translate it as soon as we start.
When you encounter difficult words in translation, you can put them down for the time being and weigh them after the translation. After the full text is translated, read it through again and check the changes to prevent mistranslation, omission and mistranslation of songs.
The basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.
The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough.
The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns.
The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word.
These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation. Second, the specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, changing, adjusting and changing.
"Stay" means to keep. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places and things, can remain unchanged when translated.
"Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese.
For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai. "This is also" is an auxiliary word at the end, which is not translated.
"Supplement" means supplement. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences.
Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets. "Change" means replacement.
Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You".
"Adjustment" means adjustment. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns.
When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits. "Change" means flexibility.
On the basis of being faithful to the original text, relevant words are vivid. If "the waves are calm", it can be vividly described as "the lake is calm".
Classical Chinese Translation Quartet In recent two years, the examination of classical Chinese translation in college entrance examination has changed from choosing right or wrong to translation. This increases the difficulty of answering questions, and the problems are all in the classroom, as if there is no trace to be found and there is no way to start.
In fact, we can still pay attention to a little skill and play a wonderful classical Chinese translation quartet from the following four aspects: 1. Attention should be paid to supplementing omitted sentence elements in translation. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting the subject, omitting the predicate verb, omitting the preposition and omitting the object.
When doing translation questions, we must pay attention to completing the sentence components omitted from the original text first, otherwise the translation will be ambiguous and unreasonable. 2. Translation should pay attention to adjusting word order.
Variant sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, preposition postposition and preposition object. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can translation be easy, otherwise translation will be easily disrupted, giving people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss."
3. Pay attention to flexible use in translation. Some notional words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use.
It mainly includes the causative usage of verbs, adjectives and nouns, the conative usage of adjectives and nouns, and nouns as verbs and nouns as adverbials. When translating, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words.
4. Translation should focus on keywords, context and breakthrough. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words.
This word is the key word. For it, we should contact the context to understand and comprehend it.
To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese correctly as long as you work hard at ordinary times, pay attention to the above four points, master it flexibly. Mastering the Key Points and Skills of Classical Chinese Translation In 2005, "sentence patterns and usages different from modern Chinese" were included in the college entrance examination.