Afghanistan jade is produced in the mountains of Eurasia. The jade here is naturally exposed outside the mountains. Under the exposure of hundreds of millions of years of scorching sun, it does not lose its moisture and luster, but its color is like coagulate fat, oily luster, bare and internal, heavy and moist; As early as the prosperous period of civilization in the two river basins, princes and nobles all over the world used afghanistan white jade to cool off the heat, maintain health and preserve health. [ 1]
Marble is a metamorphic rock. Also known as marble. It is formed by regional metamorphism or contact metamorphism of carbonate rocks. It is mainly composed of calcite and dolomite, and also contains wollastonite, talc, tremolite, diopside, plagioclase, timely and periclase. It has granular metamorphic structure and block (sometimes strip) structure. Mohs hardness is between 4.0 and 5.0, and specific gravity is 2.7g/cm? -2.9g/cm？ amongst
Edit the characteristics of this paragraph
Afghanistan jade has a special physical structure and chemical composition, which naturally absorbs the functions of water absorption, water locking and moisture retention. Contact with the human body for a long time is easy to absorb sweat and oil, while beneficial components are absorbed by the human body. Therefore, the longer afghanistan white jade is in contact with the human body, the more greasy the jade is and the smoother and more delicate the human skin is.
In addition, afghanistan white jade has photoelectric effect. In the process of rolling, it can gather heat, store energy, form electromagnetic field, make the human body resonate and promote the movement of all parts. All organs work in coordination, so as to achieve the functions of stabilizing emotions and balancing physiological functions, and play the role of health care and strengthening the body. Beneficial trace elements in white jade can also improve the appearance of skin, balance sebum secretion, help cells maintain proper moisture, and make skin look more moist and younger. [2]
Edit the function of this paragraph
Afghanistan white jade is produced in the mountains of Eurasia. The white jade here is naturally exposed outside the mountains. Under the scorching sun for hundreds of millions of years, it does not lose its moisture and luster, but its color is like congealing fat, oily luster, clean connotation, heavy and moist; As early as the prosperous period of civilization in the two river basins, princes and nobles all over the world used afghanistan white jade to cool off the summer heat and keep healthy, and the effect was very remarkable.
nourish the skin
Beautiful skin is the first element of beauty. Regular use can make your skin look good, transparent, smooth and fair, soft and elastic.
Improve sleep
Three Essentials of Health Preservation, one of the masterpieces of Chinese medicine, says: "Sleeping peacefully is the happiest thing in life. Scientific use of posture, rhyme and jade massage can effectively improve sleep and improve sleep quality.
Beautiful eyes
After working for a long time, using jade massage to massage the eyes can eliminate visual fatigue, prevent dark circles, fear of light, tears and other symptoms, and effectively remove eye wrinkles.
gua sha (scraping therapy)
Using white jade as a scraping board can fully absorb the beneficial trace elements contained in white jade and distribute them to the whole body quickly in the active state of exercise, which can play a very obvious health care role. [3]
Edit this section of maintenance
Afghanistan experienced intense and frequent crustal movement in ancient times, and it is rich in jade ore. Afghanistan jade is a white carbonate rock with light specific gravity, bright glass luster and generally pure white color. Its jade is very fine and even, and its luster is oily. It contains more than ten kinds of trace elements that are beneficial to human body, which makes afghanistan jade have miraculous beauty effects. These elements are extremely active in afghanistan jade and are often worn. Trace elements can be easily inhaled into human body through the skin, promoting circulation and accelerating metabolism. It can also alleviate the toxicity of harmful heavy metals such as cadmium and lead to human body, enhance human immune function and play a role in preventing and treating cancer. 100% natural afghanistan jade, also known as silk-wrapped jade, is characterized by many grains and silks, dense and moist bracelet body and full color. Moreover, a piece of jade can only polish two basically similar jade bracelets, and there is no third one in the world. The sound of knocking on the jade body is as smooth as a silver bell.
In the maintenance of jade products in Afghanistan, in addition to normal use, we should also pay attention to some characteristics of stone furniture itself, such as bowls, plates, cups and other utensils when using jade dining table coffee table. If the bottom is sharp and rough, try to pad a bottom pad to prevent scratching the protective layer. For cleaning, wipe it with a normal wet cloth. If there is oil, you can also wipe it with detergent. When waxing, a cleaning agent such as Bellevue is often used to keep the transparency and luster of the protective layer. If there are slight scratches and abrasions on the protective layer, you can pour some water on the scratches first, then gently polish them with fine sand sandpaper, and then clean and wax them, and you can restore the original appearance. [3]
The purpose of editing this paragraph
Afghanistan jade is mainly used as health products, decorations and cinerary caskets. Strictly speaking, it is stone, not jade. Jade is mainly called to attract more people to buy it, and its value is quite low. Afghanistan jade's ornaments and accessories, as well as accessories, give people the impression that they are mainly water and transparent, and the sound is clearer when tapped lightly. But as long as they rub against real jade, they will immediately leave white marks, so it should be said that it is not difficult to distinguish. Afghanistan jade is often used as Hetian jade in the market. Buyers will not be fooled as long as they carefully test its hardness. Afghanistan jade's works range from incense burners and ornaments to bracelets and pendants, but many people have them. Among them, afghanistan jade pretends to be Hetian jade bracelets the most, because such Afghan jade bracelets are also very moist at first glance, and sometimes there is a layer of leather color, which is very similar to Hetian jade seed material. To identify afghanistan jade, we should know the following points:
1. afghanistan jade is a kind of stone jade. 2. afghanistan jade's surface is moist and has no greasy feeling. 3. The hardness of afghanistan jade is extremely low, which can be described with a knife. Afghan jade is divided into machine carving products and handicrafts. Over the years, the value of handicrafts has increased with the price of jade materials, and the skills of the masters who process jade handicrafts have also improved. Afghan jade more and more embodies the profoundness and exquisite craftsmanship of Chinese civilization. Therefore, it is no longer considered as a cheap product in the past, and its value will be reflected with the improvement of technological level.
differentiate
White marble and afghanistan jade are both white marble. White marble is named "white marble" because it has been used since the Han Dynasty. It has a high whiteness and looks like jade instead of jade. White marble is mined, sliced and polished in mines and used as building materials and carving materials. Afghan marble is afghanistan jade, which has similar identification characteristics, and its mineral composition is calcite. It's just that afghanistan jade sometimes looks more delicate and layered, and is often carved into cabbage.
Jing Baiyu is a kind of white quartzite with fine texture, luster, oiliness and wide distribution. But it was first collected in the suburbs of Beijing, hence the name Jing Baiyu. Its seasonal content is more than 95%, and its color is even, generally pure white, sometimes slightly blue, slightly green or gray, and there is no impurity. Timely particles are very small, generally less than 0.2 mm .. The texture is delicate and slightly transparent. Good quality polishing is as white as suet jade, but not as moist and brittle as suet jade.
Now many places are called afghanistan jade, which is just another name for this kind of jade, so the origin is uncertain.
Kunlun jade, also known as Qinghai jade, belongs to nephrite. [ 1]
Country of origin
The origin belongs to the part of Kunlun Mountain that enters Qinghai Province on the eastern edge, and it is about 300 kilometers away from Ruoqiang in Xinjiang in the west, which is closely related to Hetian jade produced by Qiemo and Ruoqiang. Qinghai nephrite and Hetian jade are basically the same in material combination, occurrence and structural characteristics. Only in some aspects of output characteristics, structure and physical properties, it is slightly different from nephrite produced in other places. Nephrite from Qinghai completely conforms to the meaning of Hetian jade naming. Also known as "Kunlun jade", jade is very similar to Liaoning jade, but its transparency is poor. Produced in the foothills of Kunlun Mountain in Xinjiang.
cause
From the Archaean strata composed of gneiss, slate and gneiss granite that appeared on the earth about 4.5 billion years ago to the Cenozoic strata formed by folds, metamorphism and faults caused by Himalayan movement in Asia, the earth has experienced many generations of crustal changes and produced various types of rocks. According to contemporary scientific investigation, the intensity of geological plate activity of Himalayan orogeny is unique in the world. The intersection of Kunlun Mountain and Himalayan Mountain is also the intersection of two geological plates. With the continuous movement and collision, under the joint action of the huge extrusion pressure between plates and underground magma, the magical mineral structure, that is, the magical and unique Kunlun jade, was formed.
test method
Compared with Mohs relative hardness, Kunlun jade is slightly lower than jadeite, so it is called "nephrite" and jadeite is called "jadeite". Since then, China's unclear definition of jade for thousands of years has been made clear in geological sense: nephrite minerals distributed in Kunlun Mountain and Altun Mountain in China were formed by contact metasomatism between magnesium marble and intermediate-acid magma, which has nothing to do with ultrabasic rocks, and its origin is not regional metamorphism, but typical contact metasomatism.
According to the different crystal systems, amphibole minerals can be divided into two subcategories: amphibole and monoclinic amphibole. Monocline amphibole belongs to monoclinic crystal system, which mainly includes tremolite, actinolite and ordinary amphibole. When the main component of jade is tremolite, it is called tremolite jade. The research shows that the mineral composition of Kunlun jade is mainly tremolite, and the content is generally above 95%. This is very unique among nephrite found in the world. [2]
Edit Kunlun jade varieties in this paragraph.
In the early stage of Kunlun nephrite production, there were some nonstandard names such as Kunlun white jade, Kunlun jade, Golmud jade and Qinghai jade (emerald variety). According to the naming principles and terminology of the national standard "Jewelry and Jade Name" and the convention of classification and naming of nephrite, Kunlun nephrite can be divided into white jade, sapphire and other varieties according to its color characteristics.
The main variety of Kunlun nephrite is also the one with the largest output, which is sometimes called "Qinghai White" in the industry. It is grayish white-waxy white, translucent, and its transparency is obviously better than that of Hetian jade. The texture is fine and moist, and the yield is large, and a small amount reaches the quality of "sheep fat white jade".
According to their different appearance characteristics, people in the industry vividly describe them as: milky white jade, transparent white jade, pear white, rice soup white and other varieties. Kunlun white jade is fine, smooth and uniform in texture, with large block size, which belongs to the first-class good material, but it has high transparency and insufficient dignified texture, especially when it is thin.
There are also varieties of sugar-colored jade in Kunlun nephrite, mainly light yellow-brown uniform sugar-colored disseminated and spotted dark brown-yellow-brown sugar-colored. Its sugar color is either concentrated to form dark brown spots, or its color is too light, which makes little contribution to pretty color, destroys a lot of jade and has low utilization value.
It is light grayish green-cyan gray, light yellow gray, etc. , elegant and refreshing color, translucent, delicate and even texture. The transparency is obviously greater than that of Hetian jade, with sufficient water head and good uniformity, which is very popular among people in the industry. It is often vividly called: transparent white green, light blue white, duck egg green and so on.
Blue-gray-dark gray-green, dull tone, semi-transparency and texture are often better than Hetian jade, suitable for making large and medium-sized ornaments and utensils. After thinning, the color tone turns sunny, solemn and elegant, and the voice is sonorous and full of charm. It is a high-quality sapphire.
Light grayish purple to smoky gray, with a slight gray tone. Translucent, delicate and moist, some people call it violet, lotus root jade, sapphire and so on. It is rare in traditional hetian jade varieties. Because of its remarkable color characteristics, it can be said that it is a symbolic variety of nephrite in Qinghai. This variety is produced by independent thin layer, and there are also white jade materials with black edges and black leather materials with local characteristics.
It is more appropriate to classify it as sapphire, which can be called smoky sapphire and purple jade can be called purple sapphire. Smoke sapphire enriches the pretty varieties of nephrite, such as "green shrimp", pigeon (gray raindrop), black and white double happiness (badger) and so on.
Kunlun topaz and yellow mouth material are produced in Xigou, Xiaozaohuo area, Golmud City, and the cross section is yellow and blue, so it is called "yellow mouth material". These materials are delicate and clean, and the most commendable thing is that the foot oil and water head are good, which is deeply loved by people. People have compared topaz in different areas of China in the market, which is brighter than that of Liaoning River and more delicate than that of Xinjiang. The main disadvantages are: small block, many cracks and less success, but it is difficult to produce in recent years. The excavated jade will even grow into a rough milky white and basically lose its yellow color. I really don't know how long the yellow mouth material can be mined.
Light emerald green, its green characteristics are like tender green jade, which is obviously different from the green of sapphire and jasper. This kind of green nephrite is rarely produced alone, but adheres to one side of white jade and sapphire raw materials or forms a sandwich, and the distribution of lumps is often related to sandy and mottled stones.
Some of its finished products are all green, and some form beautiful colors on white jade and blue-and-white jade carvings, which is rare in Hetian jade products in the past. All green and beautiful products have become hot spots in jade collection for a period of time. According to its color characteristics, the name emerald is more in line with the naming standard.
Edit the jade comparison in this paragraph.
The output of Kunlun nephrite is an important event in the jade market since 1990s. Among them, white jade has shaken the market of Hetian jade with its huge output and excellent texture. Based on the above research results:
(1) Kunlun nephrite and Hetian jade are basically the same in material combination, occurrence and structural characteristics. Only in some respects, Kunlun jade is slightly different from nephrite produced in other places in characteristics, texture and physical properties.
(2) Kunlun nephrite is characterized by its origin:
(1) Good transparency;
(2) The characteristic varieties of grayish white, waxy and yellowish gray white jade, turquoise and smoky gray jade;
(3) Contrast characteristics of inclusions such as stone flowers, flocs, "waterline" and spots;
(4) The raw materials are mainly mountain materials, with no distribution, and the shape and skin color of raw materials related to the geographical environment of the place of origin.
Kunlun nephrite is produced in the plateau and hilly area with more than 100 grooves along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in the southwest of Golmud City, Qinghai Province. So far, there are about three mining sites. Although the local altitude is high, the relative height difference is not large and the transportation is convenient.
The jade materials produced in this area are mainly mined mountain materials, with a small amount of landscape (Gobi) materials and no secondary materials. The origin belongs to the part of Kunlun Mountain that enters Qinghai Province on the eastern edge, and it is about 300 kilometers away from Ruoqiang in Xinjiang in the west, which is closely related to Hetian jade produced by Qiemo and Ruoqiang.