Author || Ye Suo
Zhuangzi is a collection of essays written by Zhuangzi and his disciples. It is divided into three parts: internal, external and miscellaneous, with a total of 33 articles and 7 internal articles. It is generally believed that it was written by Zhuangzi. Although ancient papers are different from current papers, they all use arguments to illustrate an argument. For example, the first chapter "Happy Travel" is divided into five chapters, each of which is independent, as if to explain the argument.
33 articles, in fact, each article is composed of several chapters, among which there are 2 1 chapter, and some of them are just a paragraph, such as "saints live in peace (heaven) and are uneasy (people); Everyone is uneasy (human nature) and uneasy (heaven) ",just like tongue twisters; Some chapters tell a story or a dialogue. For example, in this chapter, I asked (a hermit in Lu) whether Confucius could be used to save the country. Yan He told him that Confucius could only do some red tape and rhetoric to make people abandon the truth and learn hypocrisy. How can he govern the country well? What do people need? Kindness and relief, care and entertainment. "He should treat you with kindness, hospitality and entertainment."
There are many chapters in Zhuangzi telling the story of Confucius. Of course, there are also stories and dialogues between Zhuangzi's old friend Keiko (Hui Shi) and ancient sages. Zhuangzi is a Taoist, so the theme of the whole book is Taoist thought, while other philosophers, especially Confucius, often become the target of Zhuangzi's ridicule.
The last article of Zhuangzi's Essays, The World, summarizes the thoughts of Taoism in the pre-Qin period (the article regards Mohists and famous scholars as a branch of Taoism), and explains what the true Tao is. In ancient times, "The Book of Songs is based on Tao, the Book of Songs is based on Tao, the ceremony is based on Tao, the music is based on Tao, the Book of Changes is based on Tao Yin and Yang, and the Spring and Autumn Period is based on the name of Tao". However, after the chaos in the world, "the inside is sacred, and the outside is Wang Zhidao, which is dark and unknown, but underdeveloped", and all the philosophers practice Taoism according to their own preferences.
"Don't waste the future generations, don't waste everything, don't be confused for a few degrees, and correct yourself with the ink, in case the world is in a hurry." This is Mohism. They advocate frugality, dislike, love all, do not attack, and are very strict with themselves. The article points out that Mohist Taoism is too cold, "which makes people sad and difficult to do, and I am afraid it cannot be the way of saints." Against the heart of the world, the world is unbearable. Although Mozi can do it alone, what can he do? From the perspective of the world, it is far from going to the king. "Criticized as' there is chaos on the top and governance on the bottom', saying that they are the top talents who bring trouble to the world and the bottom talents who rule the world.
"Don't be tired of vulgarity, don't embellish things, don't be harsh on people, don't be different, people will support me, but I will stop when I finish." This is Song Shuo's (sword) and Huashan's sword theory. They advocate less lust, humiliation, frugality and no fighting. This kind of person "has too many people (too much consideration for others) and too little consideration for himself."
"Being public without party, easy and selfless, ownerless (opinionated), indifferent (divergent) to interests and things, disregarding consideration, not seeking knowledge, having no choice about things, and drifting with the tide" refers to the Taoist schools such as Meng Peng, Tian Pian and Shen Dao who advocate "right and wrong". No one said that even if it succeeded, it would be ridiculed as a dead man.
"Take this (primitive) as the essence, take things as the coarse, take product as the deficiency, and be indifferent to the gods." This refers to the Taoist Guanyin and Lao Dan. Guanyin here refers to the yin that preaches Tao and morality, not that Laozi is controversial. They advocate weakness and modesty, and "take depth (profundity) as the principle.
"There are many roads (demons) in Hui Shi, and the books are full of five cars. The arguments are complicated and untrue." This is a famous figure in Joining Forces. These debaters "can win people's mouths, but they can't convince people's hearts", which is nothing more than fame.
Loneliness is intangible and changeable, and you can't go home until you finish everything. This is Zhuangzi, who said in the article that he "takes Yi (ambition) as the expression of human beings, takes complex as the truth, and takes fables as a wide range. Communicate with the spirit of heaven and earth alone, instead of being arrogant about everything and not complaining about others, so as to be in harmony with the secular, "said his article is different and profound."
What exactly is written in the book Zhuangzi? What is the truth? The "three words" mentioned above are well annotated. Just as Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions, it is full of absurd words. Zhuangzi also laughed at his own words, which were fragmented and absurd, and the address was unknown. In order to prove his point of view, he repeatedly borrowed the words of sages and explained things in the form of fables.
Speaking of fables, it reminds me of the famous Aesop's fables in ancient Greece, which are almost contemporary with Zhuangzi, except that the protagonist of Aesop's fables is an animal, while the protagonist of Zhuangzi's fables is mostly an ancient figure in China.
Ok, let's get down to business. Let's take a look at several important articles that represent Zhuangzi Thought.
Wandering freely is Zhuangzi's Taoist thought of pursuing freedom.
"There is a fish in the North Ghost, named Kun, and it turns into a bird, named Peng". "Peng moved the south ghost, the water hit three thousand miles, and the regiment soared nine Wan Li." Look at the momentum, this is the freedom that Zhuangzi pursues.
The bird by the pond couldn't understand Kun Peng's freedom, and said with a smile, what are you doing flying so high? Zhuangzi thinks this is "knowing less is better than knowing more, knowing less is better than knowing more", knowing less is better than knowing more, knowing less is better than knowing more, and knowing less is better than knowing more.
Some people became local officials, while others became the king of a country. They are complacent and think they are great. Song (Song Shuo) couldn't help laughing.
Some people are "the world is famous without persuasion (encouragement), the world is not depressed (depression), depending on the internal and external points, arguing the realm of honor and disgrace." Such a person can be described as a person who is not shocked by honor or disgrace, happy with the situation, and has a high self-cultivation, but he is not very free.
Look at "Liezi (Lieyukou) riding against the wind, (Ling) is good". Liezi flies with the wind and is free. How comfortable. Compared with the pursuit of human wealth, what is worth mentioning in front of freedom?
However, Liezi still depends on the help of the wind. The real freedom is "taking the meaning of heaven and earth, resisting the debate (change) of six qi (yin and yang storm) and swimming endlessly".
At the end of this chapter, Zhuangzi concluded: "There is no ego for anyone, no job for God, and no name for a saint." Only when one forgets oneself and despises fame and fortune can one obtain true spiritual freedom.
There are five chapters in Happy Travel, and the other four chapters quote four fables.
The first story says that Yao made the world accept it, but he didn't. He once famously said, "Wren (called birds) nest in the deep mountains and forests, but there is only one; A mouse drank a river, but it was full. This is what people often say now: "No matter how much money, it is just three meals a day and a bed at night." "
In the second story, two Taoist priests, Shouwu, told Uncle Lian: I heard Jieyu (the sage of Chu) say that there was a man of God who said, "If the skin is ice and snow, if you are a virgin, you will not eat grain, suck in the wind and drink dew, and protect the dragon by riding the cloud, and its spirit will be condensed, and its matter will not be flawed (kindness disaster), and its age will be ripe." This is so awesome that I don't believe it. Uncle Lian said that it is rare and strange. Those virtuous people "think that all things are one", and the world is naturally peaceful. Is there any trouble?
The third and fourth stories are all about Hui Shi. Hui Shi said that I have a gourd, which is too big and useless. I am worried. Zhuangzi said, why not make a big wine bottle and sit on it to "float in the rivers and lakes"? Keiko said, I have a big tree, which is too big to be used. Zhuangzi said, you can "sleep under it".
Zhuangzi finally said: "There is nothing to get, why bother?" Zhuangzi told these fables just to illustrate a truth. The greatest freedom lies in the freedom of thought. Many times, we are asking for trouble and don't know when we will be blessed.
The theory of all things is Zhuangzi's Taoist thought of equality of all things.
The Theory of Everything has 13 chapters. From the beginning, the dialogue between Qi and his disciples began. The master and his disciples discussed what is the voice of man, what is the voice of the earth and what is the voice of nature. The rhythm of man is in a stringed instrument, and the rhythm of the earth is in a hole. If you look carefully, you can feel these. Where is the rhythm of that day?
If you listen to people's temperament, you may say this is good or that is not good, but is it good or not? You listen to the wind blowing on the earth, and there are all kinds of sounds. Which do you think is good and which is not? Then who makes the earth make all kinds of noises? Do you feel that there is an invisible force dominating all this?
"Big knowledge is idle (extensive), small knowledge is idle (Zhan haggles over every ounce), big words are faint, and small words are nagging." Some people have emotions, some are open-minded, some are deep, and some are secretive, but do you know how these things happen?
Everyone has internal organs, which one should I be more intimate with? "It is sad to be at odds with the blade of the phase, but it can't be stopped." People and everything are killing each other and depending on each other. People's actions are like Mercedes-Benz, and they can't stop at all. Isn't that pathetic?
"Its shape, its heart is natural, can't it be called great compassion?" When the outside world changes, so does your heart. Isn't this the greatest sorrow?
Is there right or wrong in this world? Some people say yes, others say no, but the sage is hidden in his heart. "The sage is pregnant with it, and everyone is fighting for it." The so-called "the road is not called (propaganda), the argument is not made, the humanity is ruthless, the sincerity is not modest, and the courage is not arrogant (intellectual stubbornness)".
Is there beauty and ugliness in this world? Everyone thinks the harmony stone is beautiful, but why do fish see deep and birds see high? In the eyes of fish and birds, there is no difference between beauty and ugliness.
Is there sorrow and joy in this world? There was a woman named Li Ji who was captured by the State of Jin. She was crying like a pear in the rain. Later, she slept with Wang and enjoyed delicacies every day. She is very happy. Why was she crying?
"Yes, no, of course not, otherwise", yes and no, is this world right or wrong? When disaster comes from the mouth, why should people be happy or sad for foreign things?
Is everything different? Is there a difference between high and low? Low-level people think there is, but at least there is no right or wrong. Middle-level people think that everything is no different. High-level people say: what is between heaven and earth? "There was something before."
The so-called high and low, beauty and ugliness, right and wrong in the world are all integrated in the vision of Tao. "Tao is made; Things, that is, "then what is Tao?
"because it is, but I don't know what it is, it is the way." If you follow the phenomenon between heaven and earth, you don't know why. This is the Tao.
To be versatile, this is called being clear and white. You are not pursuing self-righteousness in things, but putting right and wrong in ordinary things. This is the truth of truly understanding heaven.
A monkey keeper said to the monkeys, I feed you three liters in the morning and four liters at night. The monkeys are very angry. The monkey keeper said, what about four liters in the morning and three liters at night? The monkeys were very happy to hear that.
What's the difference between chop and change? Therefore, as long as people follow the principle of harmony between heaven and right and wrong, and deduce things according to this, they can spend their lives safely. That way, it's hard to be confused, isn't it?
Zhuangzi finally told a story about Zhuangzi's butterfly dream. Is Zhuangzi dreaming of butterflies or butterflies dreaming of Zhuangzi? Is there a difference between a Zhuangzi and a butterfly?
"Master of Health Preservation" is Zhuangzi's Taoist natural thought.
"My life is limited, and my knowledge is limited; You may only remember the first half of the opening sentence of Master of Health, but you don't know the second half.
In Zhuangzi's view, it is exhausting and irresponsible to explore infinite knowledge with limited life. In fact, everything is like this, from each according to his ability, taking advantage of the trend.
So, what is the right way to do it? Zhuangzi went on to tell a famous story of "being good at understanding cows". Understanding cows is a very painful thing for ordinary people, but why is it so easy in my hands? Because I know the texture of cattle.
In the real world, everything has a grain and its running track. This is the law of nature and Tao. Taoism is natural. If you follow the natural jurisprudence and follow it consistently, you can protect yourself and support your loved ones for life. "I am told that I can keep healthy, keep my life, support my loved ones, and do my best all year round."
Dead, his friend Qin lost. He cried three times and came out. His students said that he, the teacher, cried in the wrong way, and you were not sad at all.
So what kind of crying is right? What is the meaning of life? "Come, when also; Go, go ",life and death are just natural laws, and any life will have an end. "
Then how can we make life continue and not die?
"My salary is poor; The fire spread and I don't know what will happen. " If you make firewood, the wooden pillars will burn out, but if you let it pass on, it will be endless. This is the origin of the idiom "from generation to generation".
Our human genetic code is passed down from generation to generation through DNA, and our human culture is passed down through word of mouth and pen and ink. Zhuangzi told us that this is the ultimate meaning of life, "carrying on the family line".
The World on Earth is about how to live and survive on the earth.
Zhuangzi said through the mouth of Confucius that the word "fame and fortune" is unavoidable in the world, even in wise kings. "A saint has a real name, so it is invincible".
For the sake of fame and fortune, the world is bound to be full of all kinds of dangers. For example, what if the boss asks you to do something you don't like? "I know that I can't do anything, but if I can live in peace, it is a great virtue." For example, the boss asks you to convey a message that may hurt the other party. What should you do? It should be conveyed according to normal facts, not embellished. "It's almost enough to tell the truth, but it's almost enough not to tell the truth." .
Taking drinking as an example, Zhuangzi said that everything is like drinking. You were polite at first, but then you got confused and sometimes you did something out of line. A good beginning is easier than a good ending.
How can we have a good beginning and end? Follow the trend of things and practice the way of neutralization under the inevitable guise, that's all. "Take advantage of things to swim in your heart and raise them."
As the saying goes, company is like a tiger. What should I do if I meet an ignorant and furious boss? First of all, you should correct yourself. Secondly, you have to accommodate him on the surface. You should be harmonious but different in your heart. Accommodation should not be excessive. Harmony is different, and you can't let others see that "you don't want to go in or go out."
Zhuangzi told a story of "gladiator's arm as a car" to illustrate, do you think you are great? You can't force everything, just let nature take its course. Why can the keepers of old tigers in zoos live in harmony with tigers? Because he never annoys the tiger with living things.
Zhuangzi also told several fables about "using useless materials as materials". It is because trees are useless that they can save their lives, and because people are deformed, they are free from slavery.
Both Confucius and Confucianism joined the WTO, but Confucius was down and out before his death. Once when I went to Chu, Jie Yu said that he "can't wait for the afterlife, but can't catch up with it". There is no way in the world, and saints live. "
Zhuangzi sighed at the end of "Life on Earth" that "everyone knows it is useful, but I don't know it is useless".
The other three articles in Zhuangzi are De Chong Fu, Tai Shang Huang and Ying Di respectively.
There are six chapters in DeChongFu. The first five chapters of Zhuangzi cite many examples of people who are physically incomplete but virtuous, just to illustrate a truth. Dechong conforms to heaven, but not to appearance. Only a virtuous person can forget his appearance. "Virtue has a strong point, but the shape has been forgotten".
The Great Sage consists of nine chapters, telling the story of the virtue of tomorrow's land. What are people who know the truth? Is selfless, selfless, forget everything. As the saying goes, "it is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes." Such people "get it, it is also time; Those who lose, shun also; Obviously, it is very difficult to really do all this.
There are seven chapters in The Emperor, which shows that Wang Zhidao lies in "teaching without words by doing nothing" and "the rule of saints is beyond the rule? The last chapter of this paper, "Death of Chaos", tells us that chaos that does not follow the Heaven will kill people.
Zhuangzi has 15 foreign articles and 1 1 miscellaneous articles. Here, the main viewpoints and famous sayings in these 26 articles are briefly expounded.
Taoism pursues the return of human nature and opposes everything imposed on it. In Horseshoe, Zhuangzi gave an example of Bole's treatment of horses. Horses are free and unrestrained by nature, but Bole has to make them obey, so that horses become smart.
Ma is such a person, so Taoism does not approve of Confucianism's benevolence, righteousness, propriety and music. In an article called Qu Qi, Zhuangzi shouted out that "saints never die, thieves never stop" and sent out the feeling that "those who steal the hook are punished, and those who steal the country are princes".
Zhuangzi mentioned many times that the thief stole his foot (Liu Zhi Xia Hui's younger brother). Why are there thieves in the world? Because the sages created a world of flowers and flowers that everyone envied with ingenuity. This colorful world is actually two words: name and profit. For fame and fortune, there are all kinds of thefts.
In Zeyang, Zhuangzi specifically explained the causes of thieves. The ruler "hides himself as a thing and is ignorant (hiding the truth and fooling the people); Difficult, dare not sin (expanding the difficulty of doing things, blaming the people for not doing it); Attach importance to responsibility and be punished (increase people's burden and punish people's incompetence); Far away, you won't be punished (let go of the people's road, you can't come if you kill them) "What about the people? "People's wisdom dried up, followed by vanity. Lack of strength is false; Bully if you don't know enough, and steal if you don't have enough money. "
At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng kept the frontier and fished for Yang. Because of the heavy rain, he couldn't reach his destination on time, so he got up. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng lost his job because Emperor Chongzhen abolished the post office, so he had to raise the flag to rebel. Zhuangzi didn't live that long, but what he said was repeatedly verified as wisdom by later generations.
"The thief has a way"? In the article "Stealing Foot", Confucius tried to persuade the thief to submit, but he was robbed by the thief. He said, Confucius, you confuse the king with apologetic words and hypocritical behavior. Don't you also seek prosperity? You are the biggest thief in the world! Confucius choked to death. He failed.
Morality, benevolence and etiquette, everyone thinks that the ancient kings are good and simple, but in Taoist view, the three emperors and five emperors are also inseparable. "Heaven and Earth" said that when he was a vassal, Bo was high, when Yao was a vassal, he resigned and returned to agriculture when he proclaimed himself emperor.
Yu was very depressed and asked why you resigned. It is said that Yao does not reward or punish, and the people know that he is diligent and fearful. Now you have clear rewards and punishments, but the people don't understand righteousness. "Since then, Germany has declined, and punishment has been established since then; The chaos of later generations began. "
In Destiny, Confucius went to see Laozi. After he came back, he was lost for three days and didn't speak. His disciples were very curious. Zi Gong couldn't help but visit Lao Zi, and Lao Zi talked with him about his views on the rule of the three emperors and five emperors. "The Yellow Emperor governs the world and unites people's hearts (one is not mixed); Yao ruled the world, making people close; Shun governs the world and makes people contend; Governing the world makes people change (improvise). " Hearing these words, Zi Gong stayed there.
Ming Dow people and ignorant people sometimes really seem to come from two different worlds.
"All secular people like their own appearance, and the wicked are extraordinary" ("Reconsideration"), "He who knows his stupidity is not a big fool; Those who are confused are not confused. " "High words don't reach the hearts of everyone, and common words win." (Heaven and Earth), esoteric words are incomprehensible to ordinary people, so esoteric language cannot reveal its meaning, and secular language has more advantages. You see, ordinary people giggle when playing Tik Tok, but really elegant music is incomprehensible.
In "Autumn Water", Zhuangzi said through the mouth of the North Sea God: "Well fish can't talk about the sea, but stay in the city; Summer insects can't talk about ice, they are punctual; Qushi (a native Qushi) can't talk about Taoism, but it is bound to teach. " Autumn Water begins with the feeling that the Yellow River God is "ridiculous and generous" after seeing the North Sea God, which shows that the frog in the well can't understand the grandeur of Tao. The last chapter of this paper is the debate between Zhuangzi and Keiko about fish and music.
Is Tao a good thing? Yes, then why can't everyone learn this good thing? The article "Tian Yun" said that "there is no master in China, and there is no fine horse outside". If there is no strong Lord in the heart, there is no way, there is no suitable soil outside, and heaven is not implemented.
In fact, there are several kinds of Tao. The article "Reconsideration" says that "those who respect by doing nothing will have a heavenly way; It is human nature to be tired of doing one thing. It is clear here that the emperor did nothing and the courtiers did something. If the officials don't act, the world will be in chaos. "Heaven" also said that "there will be no world, but the world will be used; Something must be done for the world. "
The article "Heaven" is actually about the emperor Wang Zhidao. "Heaven is fortunate and has nothing to accumulate, so everything goes well; Daoyun emperor, but nothing, so the world belongs; The holy road is transported without accumulation, so the sea is taken orally. ""The sky is not produced, and everything changes; The land is not long, but everything is fertile; Emperors do nothing, and the world succeeds ","Ancestral temples respect, imperial courts respect, township parties respect (years old), Shang Xian is the way to act, and the order of avenues is also ".
"The way of heaven and earth, the virtue of saints", "the way of purity, only God is the guardian, and it is not lost, and it is one with God", "Simple and indifferent, then worry can't enter, evil can't attack, and God doesn't lose", "Everyone values profit, is sincere but not sincere, and sages value essence, so they have nothing to lose."
In Xing Shan, Zhuangzi further elaborated the relationship between morality, benevolence, loyalty, propriety and joy. Tao, reason (order) also. Virtue is all-encompassing, and benevolence is also; Ignore everything (everything goes wrong) and be righteous. Righteousness is clear and things are close (morality advocates that everything is close), and loyalty is also; Pure practicality (the center is pure practicality), faith also; Writing articles with feelings (understanding people's feelings and making festivals) is also a courtesy; It is also fun to decorate festivals according to their appearance (following the rhythm of decoration). Rites and music are everywhere, and the world is in chaos. "
Laozi's Tao Te Ching says that "virtue follows virtue, virtue follows benevolence, benevolence follows righteousness, and propriety follows propriety". When the world needs to restrain people's behavior with rites and music, it is almost chaotic. What if someone doesn't raise it? The use of sanctions is necessary. The master of law is Han Feizi, who was born after Zhuangzi, so there is almost no discussion about law in Zhuangzi.
Taoism values morality, while Confucianism values benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. Legalists restrict people's behavior by laws and regulations, and tend to be Taoist. The Journey to the West said in an article that "the ancients externalized but not internalized (the appearance changed but the heart remained unchanged); Today's people are internalized but not externalized "(Yu Dan said in interpreting this passage that" life must be adhered to and survival can be happy with the times "). Modern people's hearts have long been polluted by secular fame and fortune, and the so-called moral integrity has long been forgotten.
"Expensive, rich, conspicuous, strict (dignity), fame and profit, the six are rich (rebellious); Forbearance, action, sex, reason, anger and emotion are all wrong. Evil, desire, joy, anger, sorrow and joy are six tired virtues; Go, just, take, and, know, can, six also "("Geng Sangchu ").
Modern people's "unclear four or six" leads to insanity and moral decay. How to find a virtuous person among all living beings? "Lieyukou" teaches you a way to "make it far away and observe its loyalty; Make it close and respect it; Annoy it and see what it can do; The pawn (suddenly) asked how to observe his wisdom; Urgent and timely, look at its letter; Entrust money and observe its benevolence; Defend its festival when it is in danger; Drunk with wine, watch its side (method); Miscellaneous, look at its color. "
There is a saying in old Beijing that swearing is very bad, which means "I don't know heaven, I don't know land, I don't know my parents, I don't know the words of learning, I don't know who Confucius is, I don't know how to get along with my husband, and I don't know the good or bad of reckless things." It is said that it is based on the strokes of heaven and earth, parents, characters, Confucius, husband and wife, and good or bad luck, but I used Zhuangzi to talk about these four.
Zhuangzi mentioned two important figures, one is Geng Sangchu and the other is Yang Ziju, both of whom are disciples of Lao Tzu. In Miscellaneous Essays, there is a special article about Geng Sangchu named after him, so Yang Ziju is actually Yang Zhu, and he is mentioned in articles such as Emperor, Mountain Tree and Fable.
Yang Zhu advocated "being for me" and "valuing oneself", and Mencius said "The words of the world are not for Yang, but for Mo", but his "no money" thought clashed with Mohism and Confucianism, and even Taoist Laozi refused to admit this disciple. In the fable, Lao Tzu lamented, "I started with you and can't teach now." ?
Excerpt from Zhuangzi's famous aphorism
A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and a friendship between villains is as sweet as wine (Li) "Mountain Forest"
Sadness in my heart is greater than death, Tian Zifang.
"There is great beauty in heaven and earth without saying anything, there is a clear law without discussing it at four o'clock, and everything is reasonable without saying anything" and "Traveling north"
"Scholars, learn what they can't learn; Walker, do what he can't do; The debater can't tell what is "more important"
"Benevolence without relatives, righteousness without things (nothing), courtesy without people (regardless of you and me), knowing without planning, and seeking gold by faith" Geng Sangchu.
"Dogs don't bark well for a long time, and people don't take good words as sacred" "Xu Wugui"
"Those who cultivate records forget their shapes, those who cultivate their shapes forget their profits, and those who teach Taoism forget their hearts" and "Let the king"
"Peace is a blessing, greater than a disaster, and nothing is worse than wealth." "Steal your feet"
"In case of long disrespect, disrespectful; It is also heartless to see a saint disrespectful. " Fisherman
"Easy to know, not difficult. Knowing without saying, heaven (heaven) is also; In terms of knowledge, people (human nature) are also "listed"