That is, her former shadow, she told him. Olivier, full of worries, was knocked down by a coach when he went out for a walk at a loss and was seriously injured. He took this encounter as fate and waited for the light of death with a quiet and peaceful mind.

It can be said that this novel has a feature that cannot be ignored, that is, it depicts a sad and moving story with a colorful and quiet style. Death, in this calm tone, is not terrible, but like a vanished dream. Although it is beautiful, it will definitely disappear. There is a feeling of facing death and convincing yourself; While writing this book, Mo Bosang wrote to Lore, expressing such a view: "Life is terrible, warm and hopeless." And this is also the basic tone of "as committed as death".

Mo Bosang touched on the theme of death here. This is 1889. Death is not only the theme in his art, but also the theme in his life. He wants to overcome his fear of death through discussion. At the end of this year, Alvy died in a mental hospital. Before Ji, who was on his way to a mental hospital, could wipe a tear from his brother's eyes, Alvy kissed his brother's hand with his lips and died. Standing in front of his brother's grave, this precocious writer who has been troubled by hallucinations feels a kind of fear. "Look at that, the Rhone River," said the schizophrenic as if to himself. How beautiful! I saw Alvy die. He is waiting for me. "

In the shadow of death, Mo Bosang finished his last novel.

The novel Our Heart, Travels of Wandering Life and the collection of novels Useless Beauty. The hopeless gray tone of "commitment to life and death" reappears in these works soaked with ether smell. After the publication of Our Heart, bourgeois critics said, "As a writer, Mo Bosang has never been so great in our hearts." So, what's the story? Michelle de Bean is a young widow with the beauty and social skills in Anna's portrait. There are often painters, musicians, sculptors and upper-class people in the living room. Mo Bosang described the general customs of aristocratic salons in that era here. When the bachelor Andrea Mariol first came to Michelle's house, she left a deep impression on the hostess. This impression quickly aroused a kind of hot and short-lived lust, and she finally entrusted herself to Andre at Mount Saint Michel. However, after returning to Paris from Mount Saint Michel, Michelle was cold all over. This made Andre extremely painful and decided to live in seclusion in Fontainebleau forest and seek comfort in loneliness.

If "A Promise of Life and Death" loses some social content in reconciliation,

As a result, our hearts suffocated the social content in the quiet and thin air. The escape word "seclusion" did not accidentally appear in his works during this period. The famous novella "The Olive Garden without Beauty" is a reclusive narrative, but an accidental evil destroys the quiet scene of seclusion. Vilbois's father, a former Baron Vilbois, became a monk because of frustration in love, and lived in seclusion in an olive garden for more than 20 years. One day, a dirty tramp found his seclusion. This is his illegitimate child, a bad boy who has become a villain. Father Vilbois received him, listening to all kinds of proud sins of this bad boy; However, under the oppression of a sense of guilt, the priest believes that these sins all stem from his past absurdity. A depressing atmosphere of repentance hung over the olive tree, and Father Vilbois "shivered. Out of the habit of being a priest, he suddenly raised his eyes unconsciously and saw the light gray leaves of a holy tree rustling in the surrounding sky. This holy tree once covered the greatest pain in Christ's life with its sparse shade, and it was also the only weakness in his life. "

From this sentence of Mo Bosang, we can know that Olive Garden was published as a famous work. According to the New Testament, Jesus came to the temple in Jerusalem to preach during the day and returned to the olive garden at night. Soon, he was arrested in the olive garden. When he was arrested, he said to his disciples Peter and others, "I am very sad in my heart. I am almost dying." And pray to heaven again and again in order to gain courage. Father Vilbois seems to have gained the courage to face death from prayer. That night, he committed suicide.

Obviously, religion has become a kind of thing that purifies morality. If we recall Mo Bosang's disrespect for religion in the early days, we will sigh like Mark Andry: "What a great evolution!"

Mo Bosang went from Normandy to Paris, not only from poetry to novels, but also from a nobody to a writer.

-more importantly, from criticism to recognition in spirit. His spiritual father was far away from Paris and was finally buried in Rouen's cemetery.

This is 1890, and Flaubert has been dead for ten years. At the end of this year, Mo Bosang boarded the express train to Rouen; He was accompanied by Emile Zola, henri serre and Edmund de Goncourt. They went to Rouen to attend the unveiling ceremony of the statue of Gustav Flaubert. The train rumbled past the Yuan Ye in Normandy; The gloomy scene of winter flashed through the window, and Mo Bosang felt that it seemed to be browsing his life. Goncourt sat in the corner and looked at Mo Bosang with something of schadenfreude. He was shivering under his winter coat.

The statue of Flaubert stands in Solferino Square in Rouen. When the cloth covering it is removed

Later, Mo Bosang seemed to see the "old beast" ten years ago. A gust of wind, the real Normandy wind blew the leaves to the clouds, brought a few lead clouds and sprinkled a cold rain. The bare branches in the square set off the statue, showing a sad atmosphere. Mo Bosang trembled. He is tired and exhausted. He is anxious to return to Paris.

However, this time, he no longer returned to Paris as a talented novelist, but

Return to Paris as a patient with depression and schizophrenia. What is waiting for him in Paris is no longer enthusiasm, but a mental hospital. His brother died in this cage a few years ago. Now, death is eyeing him.

After 189 1 year, Mo Bosang hardly created any complete works. Paris

So I forgot about him. 120 August 892-nearly a year before Mo Bosang's death-Pictorial said: "Mo Bosang, people talk about him now, just like talking about an ancient man."

Life: The Decline of "Blue Flower"

Life was first conceived in 1877, and finally completed and published in 1883. There is a time interval of six years, and Mo Bosang also writes this work at intervals. However, intermittent writing has not caused cracks in this work. This work completely outlines the romantic soul, which Holderlin once compared to "blue flowers"-a doomed trajectory in a secular era.

However, this theme is not a theme after 1877, but a theme of romantics at the beginning of this century, written by Mrs. Starr or chateaubriand; At that time, the horror of the times suppressed any desire of the gifted scholars in their official careers and drove them to the home of the injured nature. Once the body is shrouded in the shadow of the times, the mind will escape and fly like a dream. Therefore, the dream of romantic talents, no matter how refreshing, is only-according to Freud-

A prisoner's dream. In Paris after 1877, factory chimneys began to appear like mushrooms after rain.

Appears in every corner of it, as Mo Bosang described it, "hundreds of chimneys with billowing smoke are erected towards the vast sky", not to mention the Eiffel Tower built ten years later: they symbolize that the barbaric power of industrial civilization is polluting the sky of pastoral optimism. -It is no longer suitable for romantic spiritual residence. Then, Mo Bosang found a place for these fragile and sensitive spiritual objects in other provinces, as simple as the original scene. However, Mo Bosang not only chose other provinces as the scene of this story, but also pushed the time forward for nearly 60 years until 18 19. This is only more than 20 years from 1793. Le Paige Devo, an aristocratic baron who "worships Rousseau very much and loves nature, Yuan Ye, Woods and animals", instinctively feels irrational about the events that happened in 1793-the dictatorship of the jacobin Party began with cutting off the head of King Louis XVI first, and this aversion to the guillotine can easily lead to aversion to all kinds of tyranny. However, the kind Lord Ward did not see that it was the seeds buried in Rousseau's philosophy that led to this series of events; What surprised the peace-loving romantic philosopher was not the germination of this seed, but the germination watered by blood and rain.

However, Baron Devo seems to show Rousseau's philosophy in addition to this terrible era.

Like a scene, he watered his daughter with the purest rain-he sent her to the Sacred Heart Monastery, where she lived in strict confinement. He doesn't know that monasteries can only cultivate some delicate, pale and noble plants, which can't stand the fierce wind and rain of the times. The beginning of the novel describes a rainy day. "The low, rainy sky seems to have cracked, and water is poured on the earth, making the soil become thick mud and sugar generally melts." On this day, Jonah, the baron's daughter, left the monastery. When she returned to Bai Yang Villa in a carriage, it was somewhat symbolic that this noble plant had been transplanted to the barren land of "society". So, what practical knowledge does Jonah have to protect himself? Let's take a look at Baron Devo's education plan, and we can get a glimpse of it: "He hopes that she 17 will remain innocent when she is old, and then he will poetically instill in her the essence of the world, stimulate her sexual spirit in rural life, and reveal to her the law of harmony in life by observing the love and attachment of animals." This is Rousseau's outdated idea. Not only the male philosopher Rousseau, but also an outstanding woman, Mrs Starr, the mother of Jonah.

Corina, an admirer of Mrs Starr, taught her some romantic love philosophy of this talented woman.

A simple girl who integrates Rousseau and Madame Starr, the beautiful countryside and the refreshing seaside-these are enough to build a dream home for romantics. Mo Bosang deliberately smeared some gorgeous spots on this quiet and happy picture. He painted natural scenery like a seasoned romantic, reminding people of his tendency to exaggerate chateaubriand when painting the Mississippi River.

However, under this quiet picture, there is a commotion, the commotion when instinctive power first wakes up. "Just like this sunny night, her heart is full of whispers; Like Nocturnal Animals around her, countless confused desires suddenly crawled in her heart. Like there is an attraction that blends her with this poetic scene of life? So she began to fantasize about love. " So, this innocent virgin who has hardly seen other men except her father, let alone men of the same age, what form does her inner love expect? It can be said that this expectation is a kind of projection that has not yet found its goal, a kind of projection of natural scenery, and then-if a man of the same age happens to come at this moment-the love projected on this strange man, a kind of spiritual love that has stripped the monastery of materiality.

Her "Corina" was read with tears in her eyes and sung with a dull chest sound that only fat people have.

Baroness, the mother who has been reading Berenli's ballads and Scott's works for several months, has planted some sentimental and romantic seeds in her daughter Jona's mind with a subtle force like a family atmosphere. Mo Bosang described this lady with heart hypertrophy: "When her figure is getting fatter every day, her soul seems to be more and more poetic; When her fat body makes her inseparable from the armchair, her thoughts wander in the love of various romantic stories, and she imagines herself as the heroine in the story. "

So far, everything is perfect, completely romantic, quiet and poetic.

A meaningful painting. Soon, "a tall and beautiful young man", Viscount de Lamar, took the seducer away.

Often that kind of lazy and chic charm, into this romantic picture,-however, he only

It's pseudo-romance. His eyes not only angered the arrogant belle in the living room, but also made the poor daughter wearing a cap and carrying a basket look around in the street. They were undoubtedly the eyes of a seasoned seducer. This kind of look "seems to be accidental and often meets Joanna's eyes; This sudden shot and instant averted eyes aroused a very unusual feeling in Jonah's heart. "

Jonah once invented an abstract person in her dream, an image as vague as fog; Now, this man is standing in front of her, and soon, he proposes to her again. A physical entity, not a spiritual shadow-this is a fact that Jonah can't adapt to when she gets married, and she, as a wife, says to a man, "You have gained this power." -even had to possess viscount de Lamar, her husband, in fear and disgust. For Jonah, the rough first night not only took away the virginity of the monastery, but more importantly, it also took away some romantic desire. This kind of longing may be a honeymoon trip. Is it the ever-changing scenery of the sea, an island standing on the sea, or a goshawk flying out of a hanging cave? These romantic poems and scenes provided by Scott's novels suddenly rushed into Jonah's sensitive romantic heart, so that this pure woman was a little exaggerated-but she cried out lovingly: "Corsica! that

The jungle in the forest! Robber! Mountains! Napoleon's hometown! "At this time, Jonah is a bit like Miss Lydia described by Merimee. She is more interested in Gauss haunted by robbers than a beautiful ribbon.

After returning from honeymoon trip, real life began to show ugly and cold faces bit by bit. "Now, the tender honeymoon has become a thing of the past, and it will become a reality of daily life. It closes the door of infinite hope, and also closes the door of unknowable and beautiful yearning. Indeed, there is nothing to look forward to. "

Everything in daily life is trivial, and the simple and ordinary things of daily routine bother her. "She gradually got used to the resignation in her life, just like some water made the kettle gradually scale." She lost her illusions about life and distant places, and her mood gradually became melancholy.

It is at this point that Mo Bosang left the general track of romanticism, that is, taking immaterial reasons as the reason why the flower of fantasy-the blue flower-withered; From a realistic point of view, he realized that the air he breathed as a "blue flower" had been polluted by material factors, even just a symbol of this materiality. Even in the description of romanticism in the previous part, Maupassant doesn't care only about those things that make the soul soar or get hurt like a pure romantic; Sometimes, his brushwork shows a naturalistic frankness, recording the private affairs between beds and Jonah's feelings. However, this is not a sex addiction, but an analysis of the reasons for the disillusionment of ideals at a deeper level of human nature. Elegant romantics never dare to do this. Romantic people encounter some things that they can't talk about, such as women's underwear.

-,or muddle through, or give them some elegant code, so "underwear" is

It became a "little dress" and lost the sexual color of the word; Mo Bosang, on the other hand, stripped off the clothes as a symbol of civilization, because in his view, Jonah's disillusionment was precisely because a naked materiality conquered a delicate spirit, stripped off the gorgeous ornaments of fantasy, and regarded the empty shell as the only value-because it was really useful, just like a jingling coin in his pocket. In a word: Blow away the fragrance of romantic blue flowers. This is a metaphor that brandeis once said.

There is no need to record Jonah's daily affairs in the White Poplar Villa in detail. She got stuck in a kind of mud.

In the pulp-like materiality, except for the occasional melancholy fantasy, the real inner desire has disappeared. She tried to pin some hopes on her son Paul, but he was just a prodigal son, just like his father Julian de Lamar. That's right: this is Lianlian, who was pushed down the mountain by her jealous husband and died.

Then, next to her mother's body, Jonah found a pile of things buried for many years.

Love: Her mother, Baroness, is another man's mistress. The last part of the novel returns to a similar scene at the beginning of the novel: the Old Testament.

Tina occasionally opens a wooden box full of old calendars. She spread them out on the table, trying to remember the past. "So, she cried. Facing her miserable life on the table, she silently shed deep tears, the sad tears of an old woman. "

When she boarded the carriage and left the sad place of Bai Yang Villa, the old woman who had experienced all the psychological processes of dreams and disillusionment seemed to become quiet and obedient. Life is nothing more than that, just like the last sentence she said to herself: "You see, life has never been as good as expected, nor as bad as expected." This seems to be a kind of wisdom of the elderly, a kind of realistic wisdom that erases fantasy factors. Blue Flower withered in this wisdom and became the wisdom of a whole era after 1846. This book is here.

At the end of the year; This year, in Paris, a protest movement against social stagnation was brewing. Young people read Saint-Simon and Fourier enthusiastically, while Misley published Man, pointing out that the industrial revolution has gone astray and ways must be found to defend human dignity. This protest movement is somewhat futile, because it is almost a false echo of the romantic slogan in the rumble of the industrial revolution, and the disillusionment of Jonah is just the same symbol of spiritual disillusionment. This year, Jonah received his granddaughter, Paul's daughter, a speculator with various bourgeois characteristics from Paris, and symbolically accepted the reality of the banker regime under Louis Philippe.