Recently, the film Stop Killing Order was officially released. This film is based on the real historical event that Quanzhen Taoist Qiu Chuji traveled westward for more than two years at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. In 39,000, he met Genghis Khan and persuaded him to stop the Western Expedition and return to the East. This article tells the story of Qiu Chuji's westward journey.
Who's Qiu Chuji? Speaking of Qiu Chuji, people who like Jin Yong's works are particularly familiar with him. But novels are novels after all. What kind of person is Qiu Chuji and his position in history?
& lt！ -Advertising space: picture-in-picture on the article page-> Qiu Chuji, whose name is Tong Mi, is Changchun Zi. Qixia, Shandong. Born in 1 148, this year is the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty. At that time, Daikin in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Central Plains were exhausted after a hundred years of fighting, occupying the north and south respectively and being relatively peaceful. There is also a small country called Xixia in the northwest, and occasionally it is a little awkward with Dasong. And beside them, the powerful Mongolian nation led by Genghis Khan, like a sleeping lion, quietly woke up. Living in such a complicated environment, everyone's survival ability surpassed that of other dynasties, among which Qiu Chuji was obviously the best.
Qiu Chuji/Kloc-became a monk at the age of 0/9 and studied Taoism with Wang Zhongyang. The Taoist Quanzhen School founded by Wang Zhongyang advocates the unity of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, and teaches people to recite classic works such as Tao Te Ching (Taoism), Prajna Heart Sutra (Buddhism) and Filial Piety Sutra (Confucianism), thus integrating almost all the beliefs of China people at that time. No matter which one you believe, you can find the corresponding point here. In a sense, this all-encompassing Sect has the significance of keeping pace with the times. In order to avoid Confucius, Qiu Chuji wrote his surname Qiu. Wang Zhongyang has seven famous apprentices, namely the legendary "Quanzhen Seven Sons", namely: Ma Yu, Tan Chuduan, Liu Chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, Hao Datong and Sun Buer (the wife of Ma Yu). Three years later, Wang Zhongyang died of illness. Qiu Chuji studied with his brother Ma Yu.
1 174 (14th year of Jin Dading) In August, Qiu Chuji came to Tunxi (southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), where he studied for seven years and then went to Longmen Mountain in Longzhou for six years. During this period, he lived a very poor life, but he devoted himself to the study of health preservation and Taoism and made friends with local scholars, so he gained a great secular reputation. After the death of his senior brother, Qiu Chuji became the mentor of Quanzhen School, which quickly promoted the development of Quanzhen School. 1 188 (twenty-eight years of Jin Dading) In March, Qiu Chuji was called by Jin Shizong to go to Beijing to sculpt the statues of Wang Zhongyang and Ma Yu, and presided over the "Spring Festival", which made him enter the mainstream society from a folk Taoist and became the object of making friends with powerful people from north and south countries.
From 12 16 to 12 19, Qiu Chuji was repeatedly invited to the DPRK by the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, but he refused to go. At the same time, Genghis Khan in Xinjiang sent an invitation to Qiu Chuji. Qiu Chuji thought for a moment and agreed.
Why did Qiu Chuji, a real person in Changchun, show partiality and refuse to be cheated by Song and Jin? Is it bullying? Or did you see the general trend that Mongolians want to unify the world, so watermelon is close to the big picture? None of this can be confirmed. From the historical materials we can see, we can draw a conclusion: Genghis Khan came to Qiu Chuji to talk about health preservation, hoping that he could provide some health preservation secrets or something. And he wants to persuade Genghis Khan to "stop killing". Before he left, he wrote a poem-"Mid-Autumn Festival Poem to Gong Zheng, a medical officer of the Third Prince": "The Wuyue Loutai is full of songs, and the Yanqin Department runs out of wine and food. My emperor is on the river and wants to stop fighting and make peace. " The north and south of the Central Plains are alive and well, so why use knives and guns? I went to Genghis Khan to persuade him to "stop fighting". From Qiu Chuji's previous poems, it is not difficult to find his feelings of compassion: "Why not save all souls when the sky is grey?" All souls are dying day and night, speechless. Shouting at the sky that the sky should not be, a trivial thing is futile. Chaos is safe, so you don't have to teach creation to give birth to elves. "People go to the West to learn Buddhist scriptures, and he preaches to the West to spread universal values. How strong his sense of mission is.
Qiu Chuji personally selected eighteen disciples and followed Liu Zhonglu, an imperial envoy of Genghis Khan, all the way west. In farming society, wars are frequent, and it is difficult for 73-year-old people to walk on donkeys. Qiu Chuji's apprentice, Li Zhichang, recorded the whole process in the form of travel notes in his book A Journey to the West by a Real Person in Changchun. Interested readers can have a look. Although this realistic work is not as strong as The Journey to the West's story with the Tang Priest as the protagonist, it is vivid and informative, and describes the local conditions and customs along the way in great detail. It is an important material for studying the history of Mobei, the Western Regions and Quanzhen Taoism in the13rd century.
After about two years, a group of people finally caught up with Genghis Khan's footsteps. By this time, Genghis Khan's soldiers had arrived in Afghanistan today. Before the meeting, Qiu Chuji put forward that "Taoists don't bow when they see you". Qiu Chuji is famous all over the world. Being able to see him in person has already impressed Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan generously agreed to such a request.
The dialogue between Qiu Chuji and Genghis Khan is described in detail in The Celebration of Feng Xuan. They talked about Taoism three times, mainly Qiu Chuji and Genghis Khan.
Qiu Chuji first preached the principle of "eliminating violence and stopping killing". Tell him that the way to keep in good health is to "strengthen the spirit inside and Xiu De outside." The spirit of internal cultivation is not to invade everywhere, and the spirit of external cultivation is to stop violent killing. "Where the general came to pay homage, it would be more convenient to persuade him not to kill. People in a hurry will pay attention. Those who are captured by men will help them. People and horses will be named after teachers, and many people will want to be soldiers. " We must respect and "respect the sky and love the people." This is the theory of stopping killing advocated by later generations.
Next, Qiu Chuji told Genghis Khan about the way of governing the country, and discussed the importance of governing the Central Plains: "Under the world, there are not less than one trillion places, and treasures abound, which is not as good as the teaching of the Central Plains and the skill of governing the country. Shandong and Hebei are beautiful places in the world, with many good crops, beautiful vegetables, fish, salt, silk and eggs for use in all directions. Those who have won since ancient times are big countries, and those who have countries throughout the ages only fight for this place. " Shandong is his hometown, so he particularly emphasized the need to "love and protect the people and make the world safe" and reduce taxes for the people in the Central Plains. Regarding health care, he mentioned that "it is very important to be abstinent".
In fact, these contents seem to be no big deal now, and they have been discussed in classic works of past dynasties. However, according to the records of later generations, Genghis Khan recognized his view very much, called him a "fairy", lamented that "God sent a fairy to realize my ambition", and asked Qiu Chuji to give lectures to Mongolian dignitaries and spread the above contents. It can be seen that saying the same thing from Qiu Chuji's mouth must have a special appeal, that is, his expressive ability must be extraordinary, meticulous and persuasive.
How can Genghis Khan, who killed and conquered all his life, believe the "virtue of good living" advocated by Qiu Chuji? This seems to run counter to the sword shadow. In fact, from a philosophical point of view, when one direction goes to the extreme, it will produce yearning and awe in the opposite direction. So are the poles of truth. A tough man like Genghis Khan has been licking his head for decades and is used to seeing his head rolling. While gradually numb, their hearts will inevitably leave scars and even yearn for kindness. So it is not difficult for two people to find the right time. What Qiu Chuji wants to convince is a person who licks the blood head, not a person who sweeps the floor without hurting the life of the worm; Genghis Khan is not waiting for a warrior as strong as him, but someone who can soothe his mental trauma by moistening things quietly. How mysterious the human mind is.
Effect of Stop Killing Order So, what is the effect of Qiu Chuji encouraging Genghis Khan to stop killing? Since then, history has proved that the actual effect is not great. Genghis Khan and his descendants are still outnumbered and besieged by soldiers. They should be killed and chopped, but their attitude towards the people should be softened because they want to rule. However, this meeting did have a great achievement: Genghis Khan named this mountain as a Taoist leader. "In charge of the affairs of the world's gates, once the gods deal with it, the palace officials try to avoid it, and there are always people in the lawsuit." Most importantly, Genghis Khan exempted Taoist schools and Taoist priests from all taxes, because with this privilege, many desperate people can take refuge in Taoist temples, which is a way for people to survive in troubled times. Qiu Chuji also lost no time in building Quanzhen Temple in the Yellow River Basin, "from Yanqi and Qin Jin to Hanmian, dotted with hundreds of districts", and widely accepted refugees. Many other Taoist schools and even Buddhist temples also hang the banner of authenticity. "Yuan history? "Biography of Qiu Chuji" said: "The opportunity belongs to Yan, making him suffer from war, rehabilitating the slaves, and rehabilitating the dead, regardless of 20,000 or 30,000 people. Zhongzhou is full of praise so far. "That is to say, he actually saved at least 20,000 to 30,000 people, and these 20,000 to 30,000 people who have been saved have thrived, and their descendants have multiplied. Maybe you and I are one of their descendants. Compared with retired apprentices, Xuanzang's westward journey is obviously more pragmatic and effective.
A well-known story: a child kept picking up small fish in a puddle on the shore and throwing them into the sea. Someone asked him what he was doing, and he said he was saving fish. People say you can't save so many fish, who cares? The child replied that at least the rescued fish cared. I think people who are saved because of Qiu Chuji's words of stopping killing will care about his kindness and kindness.
Editor in Charge: Guo Wei
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