Dai family banquet
Most Dai people have the habit of eating two meals at a time, with rice and glutinous rice as their staple food. Dehong Dai's staple food is japonica rice, and Xishuangbanna Dai's staple food is glutinous rice. Usually eaten immediately. People think that japonica rice and glutinous rice will lose their original color and fragrance only if they are eaten immediately, so they don't eat overnight meals or seldom eat them, and they are used to kneading rice with their hands.
Migrant workers often eat outdoors. They can eat with banana leaves or rice, plus salt, pepper, sour meat, roast chicken, Mi Nan (which means sauce in Dai language) and pine. All dishes and snacks are mainly sour, such as sour bamboo shoots, sour pea powder, sour meat and wild sour fruit; I like to eat pickled cabbage. It is made by drying vegetables in the sun, then boiling them in water, adding papaya juice to make the taste sour, and then drying them for preservation. Put a little stir-fry or put it in soup when eating. This kind of sauerkraut is eaten almost every day by Dai people in some places. It is said that Dai people often eat sauerkraut because they often eat sticky rice food that is not easy to digest, and sour food helps digestion.
Eating with moss is a unique flavor dish of Dai people. The moss eaten by the Dai people is the moss on the rocks in the river in spring, preferably dark green. After fishing, tear it into thin slices, dry it, and put it on with a bamboo stick for later use. When cooking, the thick ones are fried and the thin ones are roasted with fire. Crushed into a bowl after crispy, then poured in boiling oil, then stirred with salt, and dipped in glutinous rice balls or bacon, which was extremely delicious.
Cooking fish, mostly sour fish or roasted citronella fish, in addition to making fish chops (that is, grilled fish mashed with coriander and other spices), fish jelly, grilled fish, white sauce eel and so on.
When eating crabs, they are usually chopped into crab paste with shell and meat for cooking. Dai people call this crab sauce "crab rice cloth".
Bitter gourd is a daily vegetable with the highest yield and consumption. In addition to bitter gourd, Xishuangbanna also has a kind of bitter bamboo shoots, so there is also a bitter taste in Dai flavor. The representative bitter vegetable is a mixture of cowhide and cold dishes cooked with ingredients such as ox gall.
Religious diet custom
Dai people generally believe in Buddhism spread from the south to the upper seat, and many festivals are related to Buddhist activities. During the Water-Splashing Festival, there are many Dai snacks besides wine and vegetables.
There is also a crispy rice made of fried glutinous rice paste. The more important festivals are Xia Festival (September in Dai calendar 15) and Xia Festival (February in Dai calendar 15), both of which are Buddhist festivals spread to the first half. Dai people in Xinping, Yuanjiang, Jinggu and Jinping celebrate the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Its content and activities are basically the same as those of the local Han nationality. Typical foods are dog meat soup pot, dried pork, salted eggs and dried eel.
Festive diet custom
In Dai society, every family has to help build a house. Congratulations on the completion of the new house. The young man went upstairs first, carrying a bull's head and singing blessing song. Mature men carry boxes, and married women carry bedding. The girls take turns carrying food. Then they set up a tripod on the fireplace, put it on the table, bought wine and prepared dishes, and sang songs to congratulate the new house. The villagers also send some auspicious gifts to their owners.
"Catch yellow chicken" is a way for young men and women in Xishuangbanna to seek love by eating rumors, that is, girls take braised chicken to the market to sell. If the buyer is a girl's lover, the girl will take the initiative to take out the stool and let him sit next to it. Through conversation, if the two sides love each other, they will hold the chicken and carry the stool to pour out their feelings in the Woods; If the buyer is not the girl's lover, the girl will double the asking price; Another example is "drink some wine". When a man and a woman are engaged, the man picks up the dining tables and goes to the woman's house to treat them. When the guests dispersed, the man was accompanied by three men, and the woman and her three women set a table. "Eat some wine" means eating three dishes: the first one is spicy; The second way is to put more salt; The third course should have sweets. It means passion, depth and sweetness.
On the wedding day, the wedding will be held in both parties' homes, mostly in the woman's home first. At the wedding reception, the table should be covered with green banana leaves, and the dishes include blood flourishing (white flourishing) symbolizing good luck, rice cakes and various dishes. Before the banquet, the bride and groom should make a tie ceremony, that is, the wedding uses a white line to bypass the shoulders of both sides, and two white lines are tied to the wrists of the bride and groom respectively, symbolizing purity. Then, the old man pinched the glutinous rice into a triangle, dipped it in salt, and placed it on the top of a tripod on the fireplace, letting it fall off naturally after burning, symbolizing that love is as strong as iron. The bride in Daping Township of Yuanjiang should sit on the bench with the groom after entering the door, eat glutinous rice mixed with four eggs and drink two glasses of wine; When the bride of the Dai family on the Yuanjiang River enters the door, the man gives each farewell four pieces of meat, four ribs, four meatballs and four pieces of crispy meat, and then has dinner.
Sacrificial diet custom
Dai people also worship the village gods. Dai people call it "going to Raman" or "Piman", which is a kind of protector. They worship twice a year. Before sowing, they pray for a bumper harvest, and after the autumn harvest, they are grateful. They collectively kill a cow or a pig, and each family prepares a tribute and sends it to the room dedicated to the social god. After reading the sacrificial words, everyone will eat. New members of the club should provide chicken, wine and bacon strips to the god of society.
In Menghai and other places, the custom of slaughtering cattle and eating fish hides still exists. In the western version of a tribal god, some sacrifices must be black cows and white pigs. The Dai people in Yuanjiang and New Equality generally worship dragon trees and dragons. When the Dai people in Yuanjiang sacrifice the dragon tree in the third month of the lunar calendar every year, the whole village will slaughter the red bull. Before slaughter, it will be covered with white ash and covered with red and green cloth. In the same month, in order to protect the safety of livestock, pigs will be sacrificed to Heaven and Earth.
Among the Dai people, especially in some remote areas, there are still some taboos in cooking, such as: burning firewood from the roots first; Don't cross the fire pit; You can't just move a tripod or something on the fireplace.
Sour meat
The traditional dishes of the Dai nationality are made of beef pickled and fried. It is characterized by a strong sour taste and can help digestion. The method is to clean fresh beef with rice washing water, cut it into large pieces, put it in a pot, add fresh pepper leaves, salt and rice, mix well, put it in a crock, pour white wine for compaction, cover it, seal the jar mouth with plant ash and mud, and marinate for one month. Shred the marinated beef and fry it with the green garlic sprouts.
Huoshao fish
The traditional home cooking of Dai nationality is characterized by softness, tenderness, sweetness and original flavor. The preparation method comprises removing gills and viscera from fresh fish, cleaning, mixing chopped green onion, Jiang Mo, minced garlic, minced green pepper, minced green Jiang Ye, minced coriander, minced wild pepper leaves, mint, minced fennel leaves, minced citronella leaves, minced tsaoko, monosodium glutamate, salt and cooking wine to make stuffing, filling into fish belly, folding the head and tail in half, and tying tightly with citronella.
Pickled cow head
Dai traditional home cooking. The preparation method comprises the following steps: unhairing the head and feet of cattle, removing hoof shells, cutting into pieces, cooking, removing bones, cutting into strips, soaking in rice washing water for 3-4 hours, then taking out and washing with cold water, then putting pepper leaves, red pepper powder, ginger and garlic into a beef pot, adding salt and white wine, uniformly mixing and seasoning, putting into a crock, compacting, covering and sealing, and obtaining the product after half a month. It can be steamed and fried when eating. It's a cold dish with wine, crisp and sour, spicy and cold.
Suanjiao
Garlic moss tree
In winter and spring, the sky is clear and clear. Walking into the Dai village, it is easy to see a kind of fruit tree-Zizyphus jujuba, which the locals especially like to eat. Its tree is tall, its trunk is rough, its branches are sparse, and a string of brown hooked pods are hung on the branches. Zizyphus jujuba, also known as Zizyphus jujuba, tamarind, Luohuangzi, ebony (Hainan), "Han Mu" (Dai language), Tianmukan and Tongxuetu, is a tropical and subtropical evergreen tree in Sumeriaceae, containing only Zizyphus jujuba 1 species, and there are two types: sweet type and acid type. Suanjiao likes hot climate, with annual average temperature 18? c-24？ C areas with annual rainfall of 500- 1200mm can grow normally.
Insect food
There are many kinds of insects in the hot and humid areas of Dai nationality. It is an important part of Dai food to make various flavor dishes and snacks with insects as raw materials. Insects that are often eaten are cicadas, bamboo worms, Okubo, soft-shelled turtles and ant eggs.
Catching cicadas is in summer. Every evening, when the cicada community is in the grass, the cicada wings are soaked with dew and can't fly. The women quickly picked cicadas into bamboo baskets and baked them in a pot to make sauce. Cicada sauce has the medicinal functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving pain and swelling.
Dai people generally like to eat ant eggs. They often eat a yellow ant that nests in trees. When taking ant eggs, drive the ants away first, and then take eggs. Ant eggs vary in size, some are as big as mung beans and some are as small as rice grains. They are white and bright, washed and dried, and fried with eggs. They are delicious. They can be eaten raw or cooked. Make a sauce when you eat it raw, and fry it with eggs when it is cooked. Commonly used sour fruit and bitter gourd.
Special beverage
Dai people are addicted to alcohol, but their alcohol content is not high. They brewed it themselves, and it tastes very sweet. Tea is a local specialty, but Dai people only drink big leaf tea without spices. When drinking, only stir-fry on the fire until it is burnt, and drink it slightly after brewing. Chewing betel nut, mixed with tobacco and lime, all day long. Because of long-term chewing, the lips and teeth are black and the mouth fluid is like blood, which makes people feel beautiful. Pottery-burning industry is relatively developed, and tableware is mostly fired by women.