I. Overview

According to scientists' experiments for many years, after smokers quit smoking, a series of beneficial changes will take place in their internal organs, which are roughly as follows:

Within 20 minutes: blood pressure drops to the standard level; Pulse drops to standard speed; The temperature of hands and feet rose to standard body temperature.

Within 8 hours: the content of carbon monoxide in blood drops to normal level; The oxygen content in the blood increased to normal level.

Within 24 hours: the risk of myocardial infarction is reduced.

Within 48 hours: the function of nerve endings gradually began to recover; Smell and taste are more sensitive to foreign substances.

Within 72 hours: no more bronchospasm, greatly relaxed breathing and increased vital capacity.

2 weeks to a month; Stable blood circulation; Steady and light; Lung function improved by 30%.

1 to 9 months: symptoms such as cough, sinus congestion, fatigue and shortness of breath are relieved; New cilia appear on trachea and bronchial mucosa, and the function of handling mucus is enhanced; Less sputum, cleaner lungs and less chance of infection; Improve the body's energy reserve; The weight can be increased by 2 _ 3kg.

1 year: the risk of coronary atherosclerosis is reduced to half of that of smokers.

Within five years: the mortality rate of lung cancer is lower than that of ordinary smokers (one pack a day), that is, from 1.37% to 0.72%, or close to that of non-smokers; The incidence of oral, respiratory and esophageal cancers dropped to half that of smokers; The incidence of myocardial infarction is almost reduced to the level of non-smokers.

10 years: precancerous cells were replaced by healthy cells, and the incidence of lung cancer dropped to the level of non-smokers; The incidence of cancer in oral cavity, respiratory tract, esophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas decreased significantly.

/kloc-within 0/5 years: the risk of coronary atherosclerosis is the same as that of non-smokers.

Therefore, it is never too late to quit smoking, and it is best to quit smoking before your health is seriously damaged. A cohort study by British doctors shows that if smokers can quit smoking before the age of 35, the risk of dying from tobacco-related diseases is significantly reduced, which is almost the same as that of non-smokers.

Second, the changes in the incidence of major organs after quitting smoking.

1, respiratory system: the relative risk of lung cancer of smokers is 10- 15 times that of non-smokers, and the risk of lung cancer of a smoker after quitting smoking 10 years will be 30%-50% of that of continuous smokers. Quitting smoking can also reduce the risk of pneumonia and bronchitis. Smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). After quitting smoking, the rate of lung function decline with age will be close to that of non-smokers.

2, circulatory system: the risk of smokers dying of coronary heart disease is twice that of never smokers. Within one year after smokers quit smoking, this risk will be reduced by 50%. After quitting smoking 15 years, the risk will be close to that of never smokers.

3. Nervous system: Compared with non-smokers, the relative risk of death from stroke is twice that of non-smokers. Some smokers can reduce this risk to the level of non-smokers within five years after quitting smoking, while others need to persist for 15 years to receive this effect. In addition, quitting smoking can improve cerebral blood flow.

4. Pregnant women smoking makes the fetal and infant mortality rate 25_50% higher than that of normal non-smokers, and the average weight of infants at birth is 200 grams lower than the normal value. If they can quit smoking before getting pregnant, their babies will weigh almost the same as those born to mothers who never smoke.

Some people worry that they will get fat, but a large number of studies show that the average weight gain of smokers is only 2.3 kilograms. This weight gain has little effect on health. Of course, there are very few people who gain more weight (more than 9 kg) after quitting smoking, but the possibility of quitting smoking is only 4%.

Third, China's research.

There is a common misunderstanding among middle-aged and elderly smokers in China: people who have long-term smoking habits suddenly give up smoking, which will not pay for it, and even lead to death. The results of a cohort study of the elderly in Xi 'an showed that after adjusting the important death risk factors such as age, blood pressure, blood lipid and weight, the total death risk of those who successfully quit smoking for two years or more decreased by 56%. The mortality rate of coronary heart disease decreased by 93%. It is worth noting that the risk of COPD death among smokers is still high (RR=4. 10). It is suggested that the overall health protection effect of middle-aged and elderly people quitting smoking is positive. For individual diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), it is necessary to quit smoking as soon as possible or for a long time because of the particularity of its natural course. However, such former smokers often quit smoking because of illness, and the recent death after quitting smoking is mostly related to the serious condition.

■ Hazards of smoking:

Someone said, "A cigarette after a meal is better than a living fairy." Therefore, some people, especially some young people, are often addicted to smoking. As everyone knows, just as they were having fun, all kinds of poisons in tobacco launched a cruel attack on them.

According to the analysis, tobacco contains about 1200 compounds, most of which are toxic to human body, especially nicotine, which is particularly harmful. Nicotine in one cigarette can poison a mouse, and nicotine in 20 cigarettes can poison a cow. If a person smokes 20 to 25 cigarettes a day, he will inhale 50 to 70 milligrams of nicotine, which can cause death. It is only because they are gradually inhaled that the human body has a certain detoxification ability and is spared.

Tobacco contains many carcinogens, in addition, there are many carcinogens and ciliated toxins that can reduce the body's ability to expel foreign bodies. These poisons attach to the tiny particles of cigarette smoke, reach the alveoli, and deposit there, strengthening each other. As a result, the carcinogenic effect is greatly enhanced. People who smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day have a lung cancer mortality rate 2.5 times that of non-smokers. In addition, smoking can also cause laryngeal cancer, oral cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and so on.

Smoking will aggravate cardiovascular diseases, accelerate atherosclerosis and thrombosis, lead to arrhythmia and even sudden death. Some scholars have found that the sudden death of smokers due to coronary heart disease is more than four times higher than that of non-smokers.

Smoking can damage the nervous system, make people's memory decline and age prematurely.

Smoking can damage the respiratory system. Smokers often cough and expectorate all the year round, and are prone to respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, emphysema and bronchiectasis.

Smokers are prone to gastric ulcer, because nicotine in cigarette smoke will destroy the acid-base balance of digestive tract.

In a word, smoking is very harmful to health. According to a report of the World Health Organization, at least 654.38+0 million people worldwide die prematurely every year because of smoking. The report also provides some surprising figures: 90% of lung cancer patients and13 of all kinds of cancer patients are caused by smoking, 75% of chronic bronchitis patients and 25% of heart disease patients are caused by smoking.

Smoking not only harms itself, but also harms others, forcing others to "smoke passively". In fact, all kinds of diseases that smoking may cause may happen to passive smokers.

Teenagers are in the period of growth and development, and they are more likely to absorb harmful and toxic substances and be poisoned than adults. Smoking will also affect the cultivation of teenagers' moral quality.

The problem of tobacco control has been widely concerned in all countries. Smoking is regarded as an uncivilized habit in people's minds. The more developed countries are, the more measures are taken to restrict smoking, and the number of smokers is gradually decreasing. Many governments have announced strict laws against smoking in public places. 1979 the State Council approved the Notice of the Ministry of Health on Promoting the Harmfulness of Smoking and Controlling Smoking, and many health experts also issued a strong appeal, especially mentioning% B.