Cerebral hemorrhage is acute. After the onset, there will be obvious symptoms such as high blood pressure, headache, vomiting, limb paralysis, disturbance of consciousness, meningeal irritation, seizures, etc., which will reach the peak within a few minutes to several hours. Affected by the location and amount of bleeding, the severity of clinical symptoms varies.
The incidence, mortality and disability rate of cerebral hemorrhage are high, and most patients will have different degrees of dysfunction. In our daily life, we should intentionally learn the health and first aid knowledge related to cerebral hemorrhage, especially in families with elderly people. We should master the first aid steps of cerebral hemorrhage skillfully, which can really save lives at critical moments!
With the advent of an aging society, cerebral hemorrhage has become a common disease that seriously endangers the health and life safety of middle-aged and elderly people. According to relevant epidemiological investigation, patients who die of cerebral hemorrhage account for about 20% of all disease deaths in China every year. Generally speaking, the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is higher in the north than in the south, and it is higher in men than in women.
In recent years, due to the pressure of young people's work and life, irregular diet and sleep, and lack of attention to health, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and other "rich diseases" have gradually increased, and cerebral hemorrhage has gradually become younger.
The following three groups of people are at high risk of cerebral hemorrhage.
Middle-aged and elderly people are the main population of cerebral hemorrhage, and the main onset age is 50 ~ 70 years old. With the increase of age, the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions of the elderly decline, and most of them suffer from basic diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and some of them have severe arteriosclerosis. These health risks increase the probability of cerebral hemorrhage.
In addition, some elderly people do not pay attention to health and wellness in their lives, and like smoking and drinking, which will also accelerate the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage.
(The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is high in the elderly over 50 years old)
According to the medical definition of cerebral hemorrhage, we generally think that cerebral hemorrhage is not a specific disease, but the result of the joint action of many diseases. It can be seen that the basic diseases have a great influence on the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage.
Scientific research shows that people with basic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis are more prone to cerebral hemorrhage. The reason is that patients are affected by basic diseases for a long time and often have cerebrovascular diseases, thus increasing the risk of cerebral hemorrhage.
Stroke is a general term for acute cerebrovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, which is often referred to as stroke in western medicine. Thrombosis or vascular plaques in other parts of the body accumulate in the cerebral vessels with blood flow, blocking the cerebral vessels and causing stroke.
It can be said that the stroke itself indicates that there are lesions in the cerebral vessels. So people with a history of stroke are more prone to cerebral hemorrhage.
In addition to the above-mentioned high-risk groups, people who are obese, smoking, addicted to alcohol, eating too salty and impatient have a higher incidence of cerebral hemorrhage than those who do not have these bad habits. In recent years, the number of young patients with cerebral hemorrhage is also increasing. The main reason is that young people do not pay attention to develop healthy living habits, often stay up late, and some even stay up late continuously, leading to sudden cerebral hemorrhage.
If there are elderly people, people with high incidence of cerebral hemorrhage or people with past medical history at home, we must master scientific first aid methods for cerebral hemorrhage, which can not only effectively avoid further aggravation of the disease, but also win valuable time for saving lives! Once someone at home has a cerebral hemorrhage, you must do the following four first-aid steps that can save lives.
1. Call the emergency number as soon as possible 120.
The first five minutes of cerebral hemorrhage are very important to life, and are called "golden five minutes". Therefore, once someone in the family has a sudden cerebral hemorrhage, you must call 120 as soon as possible under the condition of ensuring that the patient is not moved at will.
(Call the emergency number at the first time 120, and seize the "golden five minutes")
When calling the emergency number 120, you must clearly and accurately inform the location, patient's condition and other key information, so as to provide convenience for emergency personnel to arrive at the right place accurately and avoid making mistakes or missing important information in panic.
As the family members of patients, we must fully realize the harm of cerebral hemorrhage, and try our best to stabilize our mood and give first aid calmly and scientifically when the family members have cerebral hemorrhage. While waiting for rescue, family members should not blindly adopt inappropriate disposal methods, such as moving patients, shaking their heads, pressing acupoints among the crowd and other dangerous practices.
Effective family first aid is helpful to relieve the symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage and save patients' lives, but in view of the characteristics of acute onset and high mortality of cerebral hemorrhage, it is most important and key to seek professional treatment in time. Always remember to call 120 for rescue as soon as possible, shorten the rescue time as much as possible, and carry out professional treatment in time, which is the key and primary link to rescue patients with cerebral hemorrhage!
2. Help patients breathe smoothly
Most patients will have syncope, coma, temporary loss of consciousness and other symptoms at the same time when they suddenly have cerebral hemorrhage. In this case, the family should help the patient breathe smoothly. If the patient wears braces, they should be removed as soon as possible. If the patient vomits or there is a foreign body blockage in the mouth, it should be cleaned up in time to avoid aggravating the condition by aspiration.
On the premise of ensuring the patient's immobility, try to help the patient to stay in the lateral position. Family members should gently hold the patient's forehead with one hand and gently hold the patient's chin with the other hand to help the patient turn his head sideways. Maintaining the lateral position can effectively relieve the symptoms of dyspnea, which is a very important step in the first aid procedure.
(Help the patient lie on his side, gently hold the patient's forehead with one hand, and gently hold the patient's chin with the other hand to help the patient turn his head sideways. )
Step 3 stabilize the patient's condition
When cerebral hemorrhage occurs, the blood vessels in the brain dilate and rupture, leading to bleeding. In order to reduce the degree of vasodilation and help patients relieve symptoms, family members can take necessary cooling measures.
It is suggested that physical cooling should be adopted, and family members can put cold towels, ice water and ice packs on patients' heads, which can make the blood vessels in patients' heads contract, reduce the bleeding speed, reduce the amount of bleeding and reduce the occurrence of sequelae.
When waiting for rescue, family members should pay attention to stabilizing the patient's condition and evaluate the patient's consciousness at any time. Family members can assess the patient's state of consciousness every three minutes and measure his blood pressure and heart rate. If the patient's blood pressure does not exceed 180mmHg, they will wait patiently for rescue. If the patient's blood pressure exceeds 180mmHg, family members may consider helping the patient to take antihypertensive drugs.
(When waiting for rescue, family members should pay attention to stabilizing the patient's condition and assess the patient's consciousness at any time. )
4. The patient should be given first aid when suffocating.
If the patient's condition is stable, the family members can wait patiently for rescue. If the patient's condition is serious and there are emergencies such as suffocation and cardiac arrest, the family members should give first aid in time. The commonly used first aid method is mouth-to-mouth resuscitation plus external cardiac compression.
Family members hold the patient's nose, wrap his mouth tightly around the patient's mouth and blow twice in a row. Immediately after that, 30 external cardiac compressions were performed, and the compression frequency ranged from 80 ~ 100 times per minute. After that, after every 30 heart compressions, you continue to blow twice, alternating repeatedly.
In daily life, we should learn more about and master some common and necessary family first aid methods, so as to be prepared. Mastering the correct first aid method can not only protect the health of family members, but also save lives at critical moments!
The above four first-aid steps for cerebral hemorrhage are scientific methods proved by medical science. If there are people with high incidence of cerebral hemorrhage and the elderly at home, you can find an opportunity to conduct a field exercise to ensure scientific response and effective disposal in an emergency.
Before the onset of cerebral hemorrhage, about 70% patients will have early signals. For example, transient visual impairment, intense fatigue, dizziness, headache, swallowing paralysis, drowsiness and so on. If the patient has the above discomfort, even if it is not obvious, he should go to a regular hospital for a general examination in time to achieve early detection, early intervention and early treatment.
At the same time, people with high incidence of cerebral hemorrhage should do the following three things to actively prevent cerebral hemorrhage.
1. Pay attention to cold protection and warmth when the temperature changes.
The sudden change of temperature is an important factor to induce cerebral hemorrhage, and it is also the reason for the high incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in winter. Cold stimulation can cause blood vessels to contract suddenly and blood pressure to rise rapidly. For the elderly with chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, it is easier to rupture fragile blood vessels and cause cerebral hemorrhage.
2. Maintain healthy and regular living habits.
Good living habits are of great help in resisting the occurrence of diseases. In life, people with high incidence of cerebral hemorrhage should not smoke or drink too much, have a light diet, eat less high-fat, high-oil and high-salt foods, eat more fruits and vegetables, keep good sleep habits, avoid mood swings, ensure adequate drinking water every day, develop the habit of regular defecation and prevent constipation.
People in good health can do moderate physical exercise according to their physical condition, such as walking and moderate aerobic exercise.
3. Prevent basic diseases
As a common sudden disease in life, cerebral hemorrhage has become one of the main diseases that threaten human life and health. In life, we should give priority to prevention. When we are healthy, we should exercise regularly, drink less alcohol and tobacco, and have a light taste, and correct bad habits that affect our health in time to prevent problems before they happen.
At the same time, we need to know more about cerebral hemorrhage, understand its pathogenesis and mechanism, master scientific and reasonable emergency treatment methods, know ourselves and ourselves, and minimize the harm and influence of cerebral hemorrhage on patients.