1. Water source: Like the indoor fire hydrant system, water source is needed to meet the water demand of the most unfavorable sprinkler. The ten-minute water consumption of the high-level water tank is generally calculated by ten nozzles, that is, 10L/s, and the water storage tank stores 1 hour of water.
2. Water distribution network: (1) main water supply pipe: the spray pipe network of each unit should be arranged in a tree shape, but as the self-spraying system of the building, its main water supply pipe should be arranged in a ring shape, and at least two water inlet pipes are connected with the main water supply pipe. When one pipe fails, the other inlet pipe will ensure all water consumption. When the pressure of the two systems is similar, the main water supply ring can be integrated with the fire hydrant system, but it must be separated before the control valve. (2) Water distribution network: The water distribution network of automatic sprinkler system is divided into main water distribution pipe, vertical water distribution pipe, branch water distribution pipe and distribution branch pipe.
3. Sprinkler: Sprinkler is the key component of automatic sprinkler system. At present, there are three main types: closed nozzle, open nozzle and special nozzle.
4. Control signal valve: Control signal valve is one of the main components of automatic sprinkler system. Its function is to turn on and off the water flow in the pipeline connected with the water source, and the sensing control system starts the fire-fighting pressurization equipment and the hydraulic alarm bell to give an alarm.
5. Alarm device: Fire monitoring can be realized by fire detectors and manual alarm button devices arranged in various parts, or by direct communication between personnel. The fire detector can judge whether there is a fire by detecting the smoke concentration and air temperature in the air within the protection range. When the detected value reaches the predetermined alarm value, a fire alarm signal is sent and transmitted to the centralized fire control system.
The principle of the sprinkler system is that each sprinkler is supported by a glass tube to prevent water from coming out, and the water pipe keeps a certain pressure. The glass tube contains liquid sensitive to temperature expansion. Once the glass tube is heated and burst, water will flow out, and the pressure in the water pipe will drop, which will drive the pressure sensor to start the whole fire fighting system, pressurize the feed water pump, give an alarm and so on.