June 30, 2022 20: 12 Source: China Social Science Network Author: Zhang Mingshan Hu Yunlu
A good ecological environment is an important factor and endogenous variable affecting high-quality development. Dealing with the relationship between green mountains and green hills and Jinshan Yinshan is an important foundation for achieving high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "We should speed up the delineation and strictly observe the three red lines of ecological protection, bottom line of environmental quality and online utilization of resources. To break through the three red lines, we must still follow the extensive growth model, eat ancestral meals, and smash children's bowls. We must never make it again. " As a resource-rich area, water source area and ecological barrier area in China, ethnic areas are also border areas and poverty-stricken areas, and their eco-economic development is directly related to China's economic development level, ecological security and social stability. Therefore, based on the reality of resource endowments, development conditions and comparative advantages, how to make ecological zones, ecological rich zones and ecological strong zones as development strategies to achieve common prosperity, how to run the concept of green development through all work, how to strictly observe the three ecological "red lines", how to show responsibility in protecting the ecological environment and promoting high-quality economic development, and how to turn green mountains and green hills into golden mountains and silver mountains that people can enjoy are development problems that we need to constantly solve.
First, protecting the red line of ecological protection is the basis of building an ecological security barrier.
The red line of ecological protection is the bottom line of protecting and maintaining national ecological security, an important part of national spatial planning and plays an important role in national spatial development. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "it is necessary to strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, delimit the red line of ecological protection, leave enough space for sustainable development, and leave a blue sky and clear water home for future generations". In 20 1 1 year, "the State Council's Opinions on Strengthening Key Work of Environmental Protection" proposed that "the state should draw up environmental function zoning and draw ecological red lines in important ecological function areas, sensitive areas of land and marine ecological environment, fragile areas and other areas", which was the first time that China proposed "drawing ecological red lines". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have successively issued a series of important documents to promote the construction of ecological civilization. Among them, the "red line of ecological protection", as a unique concept in China, as one of the important measures to reform the ecological environment management system and promote the construction of system of ecological civilization, has been formally upgraded to a national strategy and written into the programmatic document and implementation plan of ecological civilization construction in China. In order to speed up the delineation and strict observance of the red line of ecological protection, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on the Overall Delineation and Implementation of the Three Control Lines in National Spatial Planning, which requires that "areas with important ecological functions such as water conservation, biodiversity protection, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and coastal protection, as well as areas with extremely sensitive and fragile ecology such as soil erosion, desertification, rocky desertification and coastal erosion, should be given priority in the red line of ecological protection".
As an important part of the national "two screens and three belts" ecological security pattern, ethnic areas have the characteristics of high overlap of resource-rich areas, ecological barrier areas and natural disaster-prone areas. According to statistics, there are 328 counties (flags) in China's ethnic autonomous areas distributed in 22 national key ecological function area, covering four types: soil and water conservation, wind and sand fixation, water conservation and biodiversity, accounting for 48.5% of the total area of ethnic autonomous areas. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as "the roof of the earth" and "the water tower of Asia", and it is an important ecological security barrier for China and even Asia. Major rivers such as Yarlung Zangbo River, Lancang River and Jinsha River all originate in Tibet. Tibet also takes the protection of plateau ecology as the top priority, and half of the region has been included in the strictest protection scope, with the red line area of ecological protection reaching 608,000 square kilometers. Protecting ecology means protecting productive forces, and improving ecology means developing productive forces. There are 94% grasslands, 53% hydropower, 565,438+0% forests and 50% wetlands in China ethnic areas. Their ecological status is special and important, and they have the greatest value, responsibility and potential. Therefore, in the red line demarcation of ecological protection in ethnic areas, the river source, water conservation area, glacier snow mountain and animal and plant habitats with important ecological functions such as water conservation, air regulation, wind and sand fixation and biodiversity should be integrated into the red line scope, reflecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, grasslands and waters. It is necessary to closely follow the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, explore and improve the value transformation mechanism of ecological products, establish statistical parameters of ecological resources value covering administrative regions at all levels, carry out surveys and biological integrity assessments of higher plants, mammals and amphibians, and promote the transformation channel between "green mountains and green hills" and "Jinshan Yinshan"; Actively build financial products and service systems such as forest bank, wetland bank and water bank, vigorously develop the trading platform of ecological resources property rights, actively integrate into and accelerate the construction of a large market for ecological products consumption, so that more ecological resources can be seen and touched, more people can participate in the production and consumption of ecological resources, and promote the harmonious development between man and nature.
Second, keeping the bottom line of environmental quality is the basis for continuously improving the quality of ecological environment.
A good ecological environment is the fairest public product, the most inclusive welfare of people's livelihood and the foundation for achieving common prosperity. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "in terms of the bottom line of environmental quality, we should take the quality of ecological environment as the bottom line, make continuous improvement on this basis, and seriously hold accountable the areas with serious ecological damage and deteriorating environmental quality". During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China made overall arrangements for special funds for environmental protection from the central government, and promoted 19 provinces (cities) aiding Xinjiang and 23 provinces (cities) aiding Tibet to invest a total of1532 million yuan to support and promote the solution of outstanding ecological problems in air, water and soil in Xinjiang, Tibet and Tibet-related four provinces. Among the 362 national demonstration zones for ecological civilization construction and the practice and innovation bases named by 136 countries, the demonstration zones and practice and innovation bases in ethnic areas in China account for 23.2% and 3 1.6% respectively, which effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction and the quality of ecological environment in ethnic areas and further enhance people's sense of ecological acquisition and happiness.
At present, China's ecological civilization construction has entered a critical period of focusing on carbon reduction, promoting the coordinated promotion of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, promoting all-round green transformation of economic and social development, and realizing the improvement of ecological environment quality from quantitative change to qualitative change. The "14th Five-Year Plan" requires ethnic minority areas in China to take "realizing the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction" as the overall goal and promote green and low-carbon development as a whole, which puts forward higher requirements for improving the ecological environment quality in ethnic minority areas. The condition and quality of ecological environment directly affect people's living conditions and the level of economic and social development. China's ethnic areas must adhere to the principle of protecting in development and developing in protection, follow the principle of respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature, take the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin as the guide, proceed from the integrity of the ecosystem and the systematicness of the basin, pay attention to comprehensive management, systematic management and source management, strengthen the comprehensive protection and systematic management of natural ecological resources such as forests, wetlands, grasslands and waters, and continue to implement the protection and construction of ecological public welfare forests and the protection of rivers, lakes and wetlands. Focusing on the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Lancang River, Nujiang River and other major rivers, we will comprehensively carry out projects such as prevention and control of water environmental pollution, management and control of water ecological space, efficient utilization of water resources and improvement of water conservancy security level, and continuously strengthen environmental protection of water sources such as important conservation areas and important Heyuan areas; Carry out "waste removal" actions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin, severely crack down on illegal transfer and dumping of solid waste, continue to carry out environmental risk assessment of chemical substances, and strengthen environmental risk control and control of new pollutants; Strengthen the construction of environmental infrastructure, promote the orderly and effective extension of rural domestic garbage and sewage treatment facilities to the grassroots, improve the market-oriented mechanism of pollution control and environmental protection, and improve the supply capacity of high-quality ecological products; Incorporate the improvement of ecological environment quality into the performance evaluation of green development, improve the audit of leading cadres' ecological resources and the lifelong accountability system for ecological environment damage, build an ecological environment protection system of source prevention, process control, damage compensation and accountability, and continuously improve the modernization level of ecological environment governance system and governance capacity.
Third, online control of resource use is the guarantee for building a green development system.
Human needs are infinite, but natural resources are scarce and even non-renewable. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "resolutely abandon the development model that damages or even destroys the ecological environment, and resolutely abandon the practice of sacrificing the ecological environment for temporary and local economic growth, so that a good ecological environment can become the growth point of people's lives, the support point of sustained and healthy economic and social development, and the power point to show the good image of China, making China's land bluer, mountains greener, water clearer and the environment more beautiful." The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation. The ecological security of the Yellow River is an important prerequisite for the sustainable economic and social development of the Yellow River basin, which is related to the coordinated development of the east, west, south and north of China and promotes common prosperity. General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. When he visited Qinghai, Henan, Ningxia and Shandong, he repeatedly stressed the need to protect and make good use of the water resources of the Yellow River, and put forward the clear requirements of "determining cities, land, people and production by water". Natural resources such as waters, wetlands, forests and grasslands, as the material basis for human survival and development, shoulder important functions such as serving development, ensuring people's livelihood and improving ecology. High-quality development and utilization of natural resources is an important foundation for achieving high-quality development.
Although the mountains are vast and the vegetation is beautiful, the ban on logging must be sometimes and moderately. To develop and utilize natural resources with high quality, we should grasp the degree of development and utilization, consider the needs of human beings and contemporary, nature and future generations as a whole, do not break through the carrying capacity of natural resources, and leave enough sustainable natural resources for future generations. China ethnic minority areas should focus on the long-term, adhere to the concept of high-quality development, firmly follow the civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, continue to deepen the adjustment of industrial structure, energy structure and urban-rural structure, make efforts to accelerate the modernization of eco-tourism, ethnic medicine, digital economy and modern plateau agriculture and animal husbandry, and tap new functions and values by relying on modern information technologies such as internet plus, big data and 5G. Give full play to the comparative advantages of new energy sources with great potential for development and utilization, such as wind energy, solar energy and hydropower, and actively carry out the construction of a national modern energy economy demonstration zone and the comprehensive reform pilot of the energy revolution; Dig deep into the connotation and brand value of national culture, promote the modernization of "national culture+tourism" and "national culture+traditional handicrafts", actively create literary works such as national folk art and dance and "intangible cultural industry", enhance the added value of products with national cultural characteristics, and promote the transformation and upgrading of national traditional cultural industries; We will comprehensively promote the construction of eco-towns and eco-villages, fully tap natural and human ecological resources, vigorously develop rural leisure eco-tourism, actively build a number of world-class tourist attractions, resorts and national leisure city blocks, combine ecological culture construction with human settlements construction, advocate green production and lifestyle, and truly establish a benign green development system in which people live in harmony with nature and meet the requirements of high-quality development, so as to realize the freshness of green water, blue mountains and blue sky.
The construction of ecological civilization contributes to the present and benefits the future. Focusing on promoting high-level protection of ecological environment and high-quality economic development, ethnic minority areas should thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, firmly establish the idea that clear water and green mountains are priceless, and snow and ice are also golden mountains and silver mountains, resolutely shoulder the political responsibility of ecological civilization construction and ecological environment protection, base themselves on the new stage of development, implement new development concepts, build a new development pattern, and adhere to ecological priority and green development. Grasp the dialectical relationship between ecological protection and economic development completely and accurately, give full play to the advantages of resources, ecology, location and policy, strictly adhere to the three ecological "red lines" of ecological protection, bottom line of environmental quality and online utilization of resources, and vigorously promote innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development and shared development in ethnic areas, so as to make the sky bluer, the mountains greener, the water clearer and the environment more beautiful in ethnic areas, and help realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.