The main branches of China are in Tibet and Qinghai. In the cold season, the lower part of the chest and the root of coarse hair of yak are covered with thick fluff to protect the internal organs, external reproductive organs, breasts and joints of chest and abdomen from freezing. According to the measurement, grazing 9.5 hours a day on the meadow grassland at an altitude of 3,800 meters, yaks will eat 27.861.42 kilograms of fresh grass a day. In the season when grass is scarce, it licks short grass left by bushes, fallen leaves, stubble and hollows with its long and flexible tongue. It is extremely hard-working and has limbs suitable for climbing mountains and horseshoe-shaped hard hoof shells, so it can climb everywhere freely.
Yak is cold and warm, compact, with short neck and small ears and small skin thickness and surface area. The function of sweat glands is extremely underdeveloped, and the length and thickness of the coat vary with the seasons. The skirt hair on the side and lower part is dense and long, which can keep out the cold and damp, and is suitable for cold climate. The chest is big, the heart is developed, the trachea is short and thick, the red blood cells are big, the hemoglobin content is high, the breathing and pulse are fast, and it adapts to the plateau hypoxia environment. Wide mouth, flexible lips, can eat short grass; The hoofs are solid and padded, and they are good at walking steep slopes, swamps, snow-capped mountains and rapids; Mild temperament, sensitive response, established conditioned reflex is relatively firm, easy to set-up; Strong disease resistance, strong anti-stress ability, strong sociability, wide appetite, hunger and thirst tolerance, and extensive feeding and management conditions.
An old buddy born in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will tell you all about where yaks grow.
Chihiro will answer.
Yaks are mainly divided into two kinds, domestic yak and wild yak. Generally, yak refers to domestic yak.
"Mountains, Seas, Beijing and Northern Mountain Scenery" records the general situation of domestic yaks in Panhou Mountain ... There is a beast that looks like an ox and has hairy joints, and it is called yak. This "cow" refers to yak. Yak, belonging to Artiodactyla of Bovine, is the most famous domestic animal in high altitude areas of Central Asia. Domestic yaks weigh 200-400 Jin, with a body length of about 2 meters and a shoulder height of about 1.6 meters. Strong adaptability to cold and oxygen-deficient environment, able to endure the extreme cold of MINUS 38 degrees Celsius, gentle temperament, gregarious, sensitive response and strong disease resistance, known as the "boat on the plateau."
Can live in high altitude areas of 3000-6000 meters, and can adapt to a variety of environments, such as alpine tundra, alpine meadow, alpine desert, valley forest and so on. Distributed in Himalayas, Kunlun Mountain, Altun Mountain, bayan har, Tanggula Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Altai Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Hengduan Mountain. Domestic yaks are mainly produced in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu, western Inner Mongolia, Ganzi, Aba and Shangri-La, Yunnan. China has 95% of domestic yaks in the world, and the number is close to150,000. The three provinces/regions with the largest number are Qinghai, Tibet and Sichuan, and the number of yaks in these three provinces/regions accounts for more than 90% of the total number of yaks in China.
Foreign producing areas include Mongolia, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan.
General situation of wild yaks Wild yaks are bigger than domestic yaks, and adult males generally weigh 400-800 Jin, which can exceed one ton at most. With a body length of 2-2.6m and a shoulder height of 1.6- 1.8m, it is the largest wild animal in Central Asia. Moreover, wild yaks are violent and aggressive, and no wild animals can threaten them except wolves and Ma Xiong. Male wild yaks will compete fiercely for mating rights, and the defeated males will even approach domestic yaks and try to kidnap female domestic yaks. ▲ Distribution range of wild yak
The distribution area of wild yak used to be as wide as that of domestic yak, but due to the influence of human activities, the habitat of wild yak has shrunk dramatically. At present, wild yak is only distributed in alpine meadows and cold desert areas with an altitude of 4,000-5,000 meters, such as the upper reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River, Kunlun Mountain, Altun Mountain and Qilian Mountain, with a distribution area of about 6,543.8+0.4 million square kilometers, which has almost become an endemic species in China.
The investigation results of Professor Liu Wulin 1984- 1994 show that the number of wild yaks may be less than 15000, and more than half of them are distributed in Qiangtang area. Wild yak is a precious flagship species and umbrella species in plateau area, and it is a national first-class protected animal. Therefore, the state has successively established national nature reserves such as Altun Mountain, Qiangtang, Hoh Xil and Sanjiangyuan, focusing on protecting a large number of wild animals such as wild yaks. The investigation results in 20 12 years show that the number of wild yaks has increased to 30,000-50,000, and there are 1. 1-2 1 in Qiangtang Nature Reserve, which is six times that in Hoh Xil Nature Reserve.
The investigation results of 20 12 ~ 20 13 of the wild yak habitat in Altun Mountain show that 55.46% of the wild yaks are found in areas with vegetation coverage above 70%, and most of them are on the slope of 5- 15, with an altitude of over 4,200m and a distance of1000m from the water source. In the aspect selection, the probability of wild yak appearing on the northeast slope is the highest, and the probability of appearing on the south slope is the lowest.
The precious golden wild yak, also known as the golden wild yak, is named after its golden hair. 1In July, 1987, Professor Liu Wulin and American wildlife expert george beals schaller discovered the golden wild yak in the Ali area. George beals schaller conducted three sampling surveys in Aru Basin in 1988, 1990 and 1992, and found that the golden wild yak accounted for less than 2% of the total number of local wild yaks. Whether the golden wild yak is a subspecies or a variety of wild yak is still inconclusive, but its preciousness is beyond doubt.
At present, the golden wild yak that has been found lives in Ritu County, Geji County and Qiangtang National Nature Reserve in Ali area, with an altitude of more than 5,000 meters and a population of less than 300.
The genetic relationship between domestic yak and wild yak. Domestic yak and wild yak are two kinds of cattle with the closest genetic relationship, and whether they belong to yak is still inconclusive. In the past, it was generally believed that wild yak was the ancestor of domestic yak, and domestic yak was domesticated from wild yak, but recent research overturned this cognition.
▲ Wild yak hybrid domestic yak is much larger than domestic yak.
According to the yak fossils unearthed in North China, Inner Mongolia, Siberia, Alaska and other places, the existing wild yak and domestic yak were primitive yaks widely distributed in the northeast of Asia and Europe 3 million years ago, and they migrated to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau due to climate change and survived. In other words, the existing wild yak and domestic yak are descendants of the same ancestor, and there is no kinship between them, but two species with close kinship. Wild yak is not a wild species of domestic yak, and domestic yak is not a domesticated species of wild yak. They are not "father and son" but "brothers", and the size of domestic yaks is smaller than that of wild yaks, which is not caused by domestication.
Domestic yak is one of the most important livestock in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and an important carrier of Tibetan culture. Wild yak is a precious flagship species and umbrella species in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, both of which are indispensable treasures on the plateau.
Answer: Where is the growing area of yak?
China yak, also known as Tibetan cattle, is a kind of beef cattle and dairy cattle. Yak is called the boat on the plateau. Yak is one of the main livestock in plateau pastoral areas. There are only140,000 yak in the world, and most of them live in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the frigid area of about 3,000 meters. China has the largest number of yaks in the world.
Yak is an endemic animal on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, and it is a typical alpine animal. It lives in the alpine meadow area at an altitude of 3000 m ~ 6000 m ... Yak has strong cold tolerance and is an excellent livestock of Tibetan herders, which can carry loads. Yak has made great contributions to the transportation of raw materials such as the southern line of the Silk Road and the ancient tea-horse road, and is known as the "boat on the plateau".
▲ A yak pasture under Qilian Mountain.
Yak can adapt to high altitude, cold, low pressure and low oxygen environment, which is related to its unique body structure.
The secret of yak's cold tolerance Yak is covered with thick hair, and a kind of fluff with a diameter of less than 20 microns and a length of only 3.4 ~ 4.5 cm grows on the lower edge of chest and abdomen. Developed hair tissue provides yak with good thermal insulation function. In addition, yak has accumulated thick fat under the skin, but yak has no wrinkles and underdeveloped sweat glands, which can reduce the calorie loss of yak. Therefore, in the long cold season on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, when the temperature is 37-38℃ lower than the yak's body temperature, yak can perfectly preserve its internal heat and reduce its heat consumption, thus maintaining its normal body temperature and physiological function, providing excellent conditions for adapting to the alpine climate on the plateau.
▲ Wild yak that has not been domesticated in no man's land of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The Mystery of Yak Adapting to Hypoxia and Hypotension The heart and lung tissues of Yak are developed, and the alveolar structure is as big as that of ordinary cattle. Yak, on the other hand, has a big chest and a short and thick trachea, which can adapt to short and frequent breathing frequency. Blood contains more red blood cells and hemoglobin, and has lower whole blood viscosity and faster blood flow speed, which makes the oxygen transport speed in yak gain a greater advantage. Therefore, yak can adapt to high altitude, low pressure and low oxygen environment better than other animals.
▲ Gansu Tianzhu white yak breed
Yak's growing area is basically in the high altitude area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which brings great convenience to the production and life of plateau farmers and herdsmen. The maximum weight of adult yak can reach 600-700 kg, and that of wild yak can reach 1000 kg. Wild yak has a bad temper. It crashes into people and is very aggressive. Travel to the plateau and don't provoke wild yaks. Yaks drink snow water and eat pasture all the year round. In addition, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a high degree of ecological protection, underdeveloped industry and less pollution. Yak beef is a natural organic product, rich in protein, iron and vitamins, with high nutritional value.
At high altitude, isn't that a good answer?
3000 to 6000 above sea level? Still not clear?
Chengdu goes west, and there will be yaks after Luding. Lijiang goes west, crossing Tiger Leaping Gorge and yaks. Xining is in the southwest, and there will be yaks after Qinghai Lake.
Well, that's about it.
Yaks are known as polar animals, which are mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with extremely high altitude.
If you want to know where yak grows, you must first have a general understanding of the characteristics of yak growth.
Characteristics of Yak Yak has strong adaptability, with an altitude of 3200 ~ 4800 meters, extremely low oxygen content of 65438 02%, and the temperature as low as MINUS 50 degrees.
Its chest is developed, and its cardiopulmonary development index is large, with a heart index of 0.45 ~ 0.63 and a lung index of 0.96 ~ 1.40.
In the cold season, the lower part of the chest and the root of coarse hair of yak are covered with thick fluff to protect the internal organs, external reproductive organs, breasts and joints of chest and abdomen from freezing.
According to the measurement, grazing on the meadow grassland at an altitude of 3,800 meters is 9.5 hours a day, and yaks eat about 28 kilograms of fresh grass every day. In the season of forage shortage, use its long and flexible tongue to lick shrubs, fallen leaves, stubble and short grass left in the hollow.
Extremely hardworking, with limbs suitable for mountain climbing and horseshoe-shaped hard hoof shell, I can climb freely anywhere.
Yak is cold and warm, compact, with short neck and small ears and small skin thickness and surface area. The function of sweat glands is extremely underdeveloped, and the length and thickness of the coat vary with the seasons. The skirt hair on the side and lower part is dense and long, which can keep out the cold and damp, and is suitable for cold climate.
The chest is big, the heart is developed, the trachea is short and thick, the red blood cells are big, the hemoglobin content is high, the breathing and pulse are fast, and it adapts to the plateau hypoxia environment.
Wide mouth, flexible lips, can eat short grass.
The hoofs are solid and padded, and they are good at walking steep slopes, swamps, snow-capped mountains and rapids.
Gentle temperament, sensitive response, the establishment of conditioned reflex is relatively firm and easy to set up.
Strong disease resistance, strong anti-stress ability, strong sociability, wide appetite, hunger and thirst tolerance, and extensive feeding and management conditions.
Yaks are tall and big with long hair. Yaks are about 2-3 meters long, shoulder height 1.3 meters above, and adult yaks raised for 5 years weigh more than 1000 kg.
Yaks grow in the following three areas.
1 Amdo Tibetan area
The scope is roughly equivalent to four Tibetan autonomous prefectures of Haibei, Hainan, Huangnan and Guoluo in Qinghai Province, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province and the northern part of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province.
2 Xikang Tibetan area
It is roughly equivalent to Changdu area in Xizang Autonomous Region, Naqu area in the east, Linzhi area in the east, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province and Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.
3 Cang Wei
Qianzang is roughly equivalent to Lhasa, Shannan and western Linzhi today.
After Tibet, it is roughly equivalent to today's Shigatse area.
I am the brother of Tibetan yak meat and share the experience of yak meat. Welcome to pay attention to private letter exchange.
Yaks are distributed in Sichuan, Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang and other provinces (regions) in China. In addition to China, Mongolia, Central Asia of the former Soviet Union, India, Bhutan, Sikkim, Afghanistan, Pakistan and other countries adjacent to China have a small distribution.
China is the birthplace of yaks in the world, and 90% of yaks in the world live in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China and its surrounding six provinces.
Among them, there are 4.9 million yaks in Qinghai, accounting for 38% of the total number of yaks in China, ranking first in the country; Tibet has 3.9 million heads, accounting for 30%, ranking second in the country; Sichuan has 365438+ 10,000 heads, accounting for 23%, ranking third in the country; Gansu has 880,000 heads, accounting for 7%, ranking fourth in the country; Xinjiang has 654.38+0.7 million heads, accounting for 654.38+0.3%, ranking fifth in the country; Yunnan has 50,000 heads, accounting for 0.4%, ranking sixth in the country.
Wild yaks inhabit plateau meadows, shrubs, deserts and other places at an altitude of 4000-5000 meters. They are adaptable, snow-resistant and cold-resistant, have a keen sense of smell, move in groups, and like to feed in the morning and evening. Generally, they mate in estrus from the end of the year to the beginning of the following year, and are pregnant for about 9 months, giving birth to 1 offspring, and the offspring are sexually mature in 2 ~ 3 years.
Nowadays, many people keep yaks, especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Yaks are indispensable livestock for herders. With more and more people raising yak, it has gradually entered our public's field of vision, but because many people don't know much about the living habits of yak, the economic effect of raising yak is not very good, so today I will show you the characteristics and living habits of yak.
(morphological characteristics):
(1): Yak can be said to be a large herbivore. Yak's body is very strong, and its back has obvious bulge. Yaks have small ears, which may be caused by genes. Bulls and cows have horns. Bulls have bigger horns, while cows have smaller horns. Yak's limbs are deep and thick, short and beneficial. The hair on yak's back is short and smooth, but the hair on both sides and abdomen is very long, which can keep body temperature well, of course, to cope with bad weather. The adult yak is about 260 cm in length and about 160 cm in shoulder height. Yak's body hair color is mainly black and brown, of course, there are also many hybrids whose hair color is messy.
(2): Yak has a big head, thick horns, thick skin, short forelimbs, strong hind limbs and a small amount of anti-hair in the lower abdomen. Yak's tail is not very long, it is fluffy and long hair. The adult male yak has a big, thick head and a slightly rectangular shape. Cattle have short and strong necks, large testicles and close to the abdomen. Adult female yak has long head, big eyes, wide forehead, not very big horns, slightly thin neck, small breasts and short nipples, and the mammary vessels are not particularly obvious.
(3): Yak has a big head, a wide forehead, a slightly concave face, a square mouth and thin lips. Yaks basically have horns. There will also be a small number of mutant or hybrid yaks without horns. Bulls and cows are stronger and have no excess fat. Yak has wide chest, wide ribs, straight back and waist, relatively short tail, strong limbs, small hoofs and feet and hard horniness.
(4) Yaks are quite different from ordinary cattle. Yaks are tall and have long hair, which is easy to identify. Yaks are about 2-3 meters long, with a shoulder height of over 1.3 meters and a weight of over 1 1,000 kg.
(living habits):
(1): Yak has long hair and thick skin, in order to keep warm and cold. A short neck and small ears can make it emit heat slowly, and yak has less sweat glands, so it can live better in cold winter. Yak has many characteristics: strong disease resistance and growth resistance, yak can eat a lot, is not picky about food, and is resistant to coarse materials. Yak can adapt to both stocking and captivity.
(2): Yak can grow at an altitude of 3000-4500m, with atmospheric pressure of 55000-68000PA, oxygen partial pressure 1600- 14500pa and oxygen content1.22-65438+. Yak breeding is still very easy, because of these characteristics, it is relatively easy to breed, which is very suitable for human breeding.
Yaks are widely distributed and can be seen in many high-altitude areas, such as Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang, which are the main growth areas of yaks.