Many small nodules in the lung are benign and need no treatment, so they can be observed and rechecked regularly. Some nodules need further examination or biopsy to clarify their nature. Most of the lung nodules below 1cm are benign, while those below 1cm, especially below 5mm, are almost all benign. Only a few nodules may grow rapidly and become malignant lesions.
Therefore, if pulmonary nodules are found, don't worry too much, you can observe them closely, and if necessary, take pathological biopsy through bronchoscope or percutaneous puncture to make a diagnosis, and then carry out corresponding treatment according to the inspection results.
1. Thyroid nodule refers to a lump in the thyroid gland, which can move up and down with the thyroid gland and has swallowing action. It is a common clinical disease, which can be caused by many reasons. Clinically, there are many thyroid diseases, such as thyroid degeneration, inflammation, autoimmunity, tumors, etc., which can be manifested as nodules. Thyroid nodules can be single or multiple. The incidence of multiple nodules is higher than that of single nodules, but the incidence of thyroid cancer in single nodules is higher. Iodine intake is too high or too low, eating substances that cause goiter, taking drugs that cause goiter or thyroid hormone synthase deficiency, etc. Benign thyroid tumor, thyroid papilloma, follicular cell carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma and other thyroid follicular and non-follicular malignant tumors and metastatic cancers.
Second, middle-aged women are more common. When the thyroid hormone in the body is relatively insufficient, TSH secreted by the pituitary gland increases. Under the long-term stimulation of TSH increase, thyroid gland proliferates repeatedly or continuously, which leads to the increase of thyroid heterogeneity and nodular changes. There may be bleeding, cystic degeneration and calcification in the nodule. Nodules vary in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. The main clinical manifestation is goiter, which can touch many nodules of different sizes. Nodules are mostly medium hardness, and only a few patients can palpate a single nodule. However, when doing thyroid imaging or surgery, multiple nodules are often found. The patient has few clinical symptoms, generally only the feeling of discomfort in front of the neck, and most of the thyroid function tests are normal.
Third, the onset of this disease is slow, mostly occurring in patients with nodular goiter for many years. Most of them are over 40 to 50 years old, mostly women, and may be accompanied by hyperthyroidism symptoms and physical symptoms. However, the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are generally mild, often atypical, and generally there will be no infiltrative exophthalmos. Thyroid palpation can palpate a smooth round or oval nodule with clear boundary and hard texture, which moves up and down with swallowing, and there is no vascular murmur in thyroid area. Thyroid function examination shows that thyroid hormone in blood is elevated. If it is caused by functional autonomic nerve nodules, radionuclide scanning shows "hot nodules".