Respondent: Banniuchang-Qianzong Grade 4 3-2 15:39
Ge Hong (283 ~ 363) was a Taoist scholar, a famous alchemist and a medical doctor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The word childish Sichuan, since the number holding a gourd ladle. Jurong was born in Danyang (now Jiangsu). The grandnephew of Ge Xuan, the alchemist of the Three Kingdoms, was called Little Fairy Weng.
Born in Jiangnan. When the ancestors were in Wu of the Three Kingdoms, they successively held important positions such as Yushicheng and Shangshu of the official department, and were named Hou of Shouxian County. His father Mao continued to work for Wu. After Wu's death, he started as an official in Jin, and finally moved to Shaoling County, where he died as an official. Ge Hong, Zan's third son, is favored by his father. 19 13 years, his father died, and his family was rich. He was "hungry and cold, bowing his head to plow the fields, riding the grass on the stars, and not attacking the territory." ..... Pay cut, sell paper and pens, camp in pastoral areas, and write books with firewood. ..... often lack of paper, every time you write a sentence, repeat a sentence, people can read it. ……"
At the age of sixteen, I began to read Confucian classics such as Filial Piety, The Analects of Confucius, Poetry, The Book of Changes, and I especially liked the Immortal Cultivation Method. Self-proclaimed: less good magic, negative steps, not afraid of difficulties and dangers. I feel happy every time I hear something different. I don't feel sorry for my broken smile. After learning alchemy from Andrew, he was highly valued. It is said that "there are more than 50 disciples, only the rest learned the classics and the five elements in the pillow at that time in Huang San, and the rest couldn't understand the first title of this book".
In the first year of Tai 'an in the Western Jin Dynasty (302), Andrew, his teacher, learned of the chaos of saving the world, and Jiangnan was about to boil, so he took his disciples to Huoshan in the east, but Ge Hong stayed in Danyang. In the second year of Tai 'an, Zhang Chang and Shi Bing arose, and Hong Ren was the general. Because he actively suppressed the rebellion, he moved to Fu Bo. After the incident was settled, Hong went to Luoyang to look for different books, regardless of the meritorious military service. "However, due to" the chaos of a country "(referring to the" chaos of eight kings "-the leader's note), the road to the north was blocked, and Chen Min turned against Jiangdong and returned to Tuge. At this time of dilemma, it happened that his old friend was Guangzhou secretariat and asked him to join the army as an advance. Ge Hong thought that he could avoid the chaos in the south, so he went gladly. Unexpectedly, Han Ji was killed by his enemy Li Guo, so he stayed in Guangzhou for many years. I deeply feel that "the honored are snobbish, and the arms are like Fujian, which is extremely unusual and cannot be left behind." "Vigorous will die, brilliant will die, and if there are spring flowers, they will die in a short time. If you don't like it, you will lose peace. Regret, fear and trembling are not enough. " This is abandoning worldly affairs, determined to adopt a food and nourishing nature in the way of Qiao Song, and practicing metaphysics and tranquility. Later, he learned from Bao Jing and became a monk, which was highly respected.
In the fourth year of lite (3 16), it was still mulberry. After the founding of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he remembered his old merits, sealed the customs, and gave him the capacity of two hundred cities. Xianhechu (326 ~ 334), King Situ was called to fill the state master book, transferred Situ Yu, and moved to consult and join the army. Gan Bao also recommended him as a regular attendant of Sanshou, and received a lot of works, but Hong refused to resign. As soon as I heard that cinnabar appeared on my toes, I asked, so I took my sons and nephews with me. Going south to Guangzhou was left by the secretariat of Deng Yue, but it ended in an alchemy in Luofushan. In the years in the mountains, I have been leisurely, and my works are endless. He died in the first year of Xingning in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (363) at the age of 8 1. Or Yun died in the first year of Jian Yuan of Emperor Kang of Jin Dynasty (343) at the age of 6 1.
Ge Hong inherited and reformed the immortal theory of early Taoism. In Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter, he not only comprehensively summarized the immortal theory before the Jin Dynasty, but also systematically summarized the immortal magic methods before the Jin Dynasty, including keeping one, promoting qi, guiding and sexual intercourse. At the same time, it combines the skill of immortals with Confucianism, emphasizing that "those who want immortals should be loyal, filial and benevolent." If you don't practice virtue, you can't live forever. "He also integrated this Confucian orthodoxy with Taoist precepts and asked believers to strictly abide by them. He said: "Looking at the precepts, we can know that those who want to live forever will want to accumulate virtue, be kind, forgive others, be good at catching insects, enjoy people's blessings, relieve people's suffering, save people's poverty, abstain from hurting their lives, keep silent, regard people's gains as their own, and regard people's losses as their own." "Advocate immortal health, Confucianism externalized in the world.
In The Outer Chapter of Bao Puzi, he devotes himself to the gain and loss of the world, whether it is hidden or not. Advocating that severe punishment should be applied in troubled times, and advocating severe punishment and heavy law. Shi Kuang Zuo's family is eclectic in Confucianism, Mohism, Ming and Fa, and respects the monarch as heaven. Dissatisfied with the talk of Wei and Jin dynasties, he advocated paying equal attention to literature and morality, and his words should help to educate. Ge Hong has been engaged in alchemy experiments for a long time under the guidance of the idea that alchemy can live forever. He has accumulated rich experience in the practice of alchemy and learned some characteristics of substances and their chemical reactions.
He systematically summarized the achievements of alchemy before Jin Dynasty in two chapters, namely "Jin Dan" and "Huang Bai" in Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter, specifically introduced some alchemy methods, recorded a large number of ancient alchemy classics and alchemy methods, outlined the historical outline of China's ancient alchemy, and also provided us with precious materials of original experimental chemistry, which had a great impact on the development of alchemy in Sui and Tang Dynasties and became a link between the past and the future in the history of alchemy.
Ge Hong is proficient in medicine and advocates that Taoist priests should also learn medical skills. "Since ancient times, Taoists must learn medical skills to save the near future." They believe that if monks don't learn medical skills at the same time, they will be "unable to attack themselves", not only unable to live forever, but even unable to save their own lives. He wrote "Elbow Reserve Emergency Prescription", which preserved many ancient medical books in China and recorded many common folk prescriptions for treating diseases. It is an ancient standing first aid manual, widely circulated in Southeast Asia, and is an important historical material for studying medicine in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The record of smallpox in this book is the earliest scientific document in medical history, and the understanding of tuberculous infectious diseases is earlier than that of foreign countries 1000 years. According to records, Ge Hong also wrote Save the Dead after Elbow and Jade Letter. "I wrote this one hundred volumes, named Yu, with different names of diseases, and they are continuous and not mixed with each other. All three volumes of "Healing the Wounded" are easy to handle, easy to make an appointment and easy to search. Between the hedge and the stranger, all the medicines were taken and all the emergencies were ready. If you have this prescription at home, you don't need a doctor. " ⑦ Ge Hong recorded and explained in detail the morphological characteristics, growth habits, main producing areas, medicinal parts and therapeutic effects of various medicinal plants in "Bao Pu Zi Nei Bian Xian Yao", which had a great influence on the development of traditional Chinese medicine in later generations.
Ge Hong has rich works in his life. He claimed to have 20 volumes of inner chapters, 50 volumes of outer chapters, poems on steles 100, 30 volumes of notes on the art of war, immortal biography 10, and hermit biography 10. He also copied the words of a hundred schools of thought from the Five Classics and Seven History, and asked for 3 10 volume "The Art of War". In addition, there are "synopsis of the golden chamber" 100 volume and "elbow backup emergency prescription" 4 volumes. However, many people died. There are thirteen kinds of works in Orthodox Taoist Collection and Wanli Continued Taoist Collection, most of which were entrusted by later generations by mistake.