First, human nature: Buddha is not an immortal who comes and goes without a trace, nor is it a mysterious god. Everything about the Buddha is human. Like us, he has parents, a family and a life, but in human life, he shows compassion, abstinence, prajna and other wisdom beyond the secular, so he is the Buddha of human nature.
Second, life: Buddhism developed by the Buddha attaches great importance to life, teaching and guiding us everywhere, including food, clothing, housing, transportation and even sitting and lying. Even for the relationship between family and family members, there are clear instructions to participate in social and national activities.
Third, altruism: Buddha was born in this world, with the purpose of "teaching benefit", educating all sentient beings, benefiting all sentient beings, and taking altruism as the foundation.
Fourth, joy: Buddhism is a religion that gives people joy. The Buddha's doctrine of compassion is to solve the suffering of all beings and give them happiness.
V. Times: Buddha was born in the world because of a great event, especially with our world. Although the Buddha was born 2500 years ago and has been certified as Nirvana, the Buddha has given us a good karma for all generations. So today, we still follow the example of Buddha's thought and teaching method.
Sixth, the general nature: the Buddha's life is very general. I remember Mr. Liang Shuming, who gradually transferred from studying Buddhism to Confucianism. He thinks that the humanity of Buddhism is not enough, so when Master Taixu asked him to give a speech at the Sino-Tibetan Institute of Education, he wrote "Here, here, this man" on the blackboard. He said, "Why did I go to Confucianism is to talk about time for these six words. Buddhism talks about the past, the present and the future, and the boundless monk only grabs, but the present life of our life is very important. Buddhism stresses space and place, saying that there is this world, other worlds and infinite worlds. Although the world has said so much, the world we live in needs us to purify. Buddhism talks about all beings, not only people, but also all beings in the ten dharma circles-viviparous, oviparous, wet and metaplasia. There are infinite beings, and people are the most important. " After Liang's speech, Master Taixu explained: Although Buddhism talks about the past, present and future, it focuses on secular charity; In space, although Buddhism has this world, another world and infinite world, it is also a universal interest to attach importance to this world; Buddhism stresses sentient beings. Although there are ten kinds of sentient beings in dharma, it is more important to give alms to human beings.
Buddhism is a people-oriented Buddhism. The Buddha has always emphasized "I am one of many" in various Confucian classics, which shows that he is not a god. "Vimalakīrti Jing" says that the Buddha states that the Buddha states to all beings. Without sentient beings, there is no Buddha, and without the masses, there is no way to find. Master Liu Zu even said: "Buddhism is in the world and never leaves the world. Passing by Kuboth is like looking for the horn of a rabbit. " If we want to become a Buddha, we must practice in human nature. Only by relying on people can we become a Buddha. In other ways, we can't achieve Buddhism and Taoism.
Taoist thought
live forever
It is generally believed that one of the characteristics of Taoist thought is to fantasize about achieving immortality through various health-preserving practices, "thus creating TCM health-preserving science"; Or from the perspective of investigating the origin of health preservation: "the theory of infinite extension of life,
Health maintenance
Feng Ren said: "Longevity, wealth and many men are what people want. What's wrong with a woman who doesn't want to be alone? " Yao said, "Many people are afraid, but too much money is harmful, and a long life is humiliating. These three are not so eye-catching, so I quit. " There are many similar words, but they all illustrate the fact that Taoism in the pre-Qin period, as a philosophical ideological system, not only did not pursue the idea of immortality, but also opposed it. The Taoist view that shaping is not enough to survive the world, or the explanation of life phenomena such as "being born and dying, being born after death", is not only to make people understand the absurdity of pursuing immortality, but more importantly, to explain the laws of nature and the ideological purpose of "Taoism is natural" with the help of the irresistible fact that "being born after death" best embodies the laws of nature.
Taoism advocates "health preservation", but this concept does not include the pursuit of longevity. Rule the world first and then have leisure, but Zi advised Zhao Nuo and Homer to fight for the land of neighboring countries with "two arms are more important than the world", which shows that "those who have the right path are also extraordinary", "those who can respect life, though rich, do not care about their bodies, although poor, do not care about their bodies", and cannot "waste their bodies for profit" [18]
If you refer to the discussion about "body" and "longevity" in "Han Feizi's Leisure Learning", you can see the difference between these two concepts more clearly:
Today, it may be said that children are smart and live long, and the world is crazy. Wisdom, sex; Life, life also. The living don't learn from others. The reason why this world is called crazy is that people can't do what they can.
Some people are here today. They don't belong to Cheng Wei, they don't belong to the army, and they don't care about the interests of the world. The Lord will treat it with courtesy, thinking that those who despise things will be reborn, so Chen Dazhai is located above her husband, so people are easy to die, and those who despise things are reborn today, which is rare.
Although when talking about the idea of "keeping in good health", we must consider the influence of Yang Zhu School, that is, whether it is Taoism's "keeping in good health" or Yang Zhu's "attaching importance to health", it is originally an exposition of life values. As for how Yang Zhu's post-school and Taoism's post-school transform this value concept that is more important than the world into the theory of abstinence and longevity, it will be discussed later.
However, if we carefully examine the pre-Qin Taoist views on the issue of "life and death", it is not difficult to find that the above views are not the purpose of Taoism. In Laozi, although there is no direct discussion about human life and death, it is impossible to believe in immortality from the purpose that everything must not violate the laws of nature, that is, "the wind will not stop and the showers will not last all day"; "Heaven and earth are quiet.
Not for the long term, but for the people? Later, Zhuangzi made it very clear that life and death are natural laws, such as: "Those who die halfway know everything"; "Life and death, life also." "You can't be born with it, but you can't stop it." In "Zhuangzi", the manifestations of Taoist thought are expounded by fables and stories, although Peng Zu, who was "on the verge of danger and down to his fifth uncle", is mentioned; In the dialogue between Nanbo Zi Kui and Nvluo, there is "Although the child is big, if the color is obedient, why not do it"; I heard Jieyu's words, such as "the mountain photographed by the ancients, inhabited by gods, with skin like ice and snow and heart like a virgin" [⑩] and so on. But these descriptions cannot be used as an example of Taoism's pursuit of immortality. Because Taoism quotes these stories and rumors, the purpose is to explain that everything should not be pursued deliberately, that is, the so-called "the world thinks that shaping is enough to survive, but the fruit of shaping is not enough to survive, then the world is full of ridicule." In addition, the dialogue written with Yao's name in Zhuangzi clearly expresses the Taoist thought of "I don't know how to live, I don't know how to die" in order to be a "real person":
Taoism is a philosophical thought put forward by Laozi and Zhuangzi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Their academic thoughts have a certain influence on the formation of TCM health preservation.
The "Tao" advocated by Taoism refers to the nature of all things in heaven and earth and the law of their natural circulation. Everything in nature is in constant motion and change, and Tao is its basic law. This is a concrete exposition of Tao. Therefore, people's life activities conform to the laws of nature and can make people live longer. This is the fundamental view of Taoist health preservation.
The ideas of "inaction", "returning to simplicity", "conforming to nature" and "emphasizing softness" in Taoist thought have great influence and promotion on TCM health preservation.
Leave everything as it is, and human beings don't need to be strong.
Quiet, here mainly refers to inner peace; No foundation means not to interfere too much, let nature take its course, give full play to people's self-initiative and suit the rulers. In terms of health care, it mainly refers to conforming to nature and governing by doing nothing. Concretely speaking, the idea of quietism to nourish the spirit and prolong life has always been valued by health experts in past dynasties, and it has penetrated into health science in aspects of nourishing the spirit, flirting, qigong guidance and fitness exercise.
Be gentle and return to simplicity.
Laozi observed in real life that new things are weak but full of vitality; When something is strong, it will cause aging. He pointed out in the Tao Te Ching: "The strong are the dead; The weak are born. " If you are often in a weak position, you can avoid premature aging. Therefore, Laozi advocates no desire, ignorance and inaction, and returns to the original and simple life state, which is the so-called "return to simplicity". The Taoist thought of natural health preservation has a great influence on later generations, and there are many admirers and successors in past dynasties. At the same time, it also expounds the idea of supplementing Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi for health preservation, writing and guiding future generations.
unity of form and spirit
Zhuangzi advocated getting rid of material desires and introducing emptiness and quietness to nourish the heart, but he did not deny that it had a certain effect on strengthening the body. "Zhuangzi Deliberately" said: "It is only a matter of longevity for bears to learn from the old and learn from the new. The person who is led by this way and the person who raises the shape are also good for Peng Zushou. " It can be seen that the ancient Daoism in China was advocated by Taoism, and it was used for fitness, treatment and disease prevention from the very beginning.