(1) Scientific inquiry is one of the effective ways for students to learn science.
Scientific inquiry activities in schools usually refer to various activities that students use to acquire knowledge and understand scientists' scientific ideas and methods of studying nature.
Students should master the general skills of scientific inquiry, including the ability to ask questions, make assumptions, make plans, collect evidence, draw conclusions, express and communicate.
Scientific inquiry is more important in the process than in the result. Let students learn the general methods of scientific inquiry, experience how scientists are confused by questions, how to assume the answers to questions, and think about ways to solve problems, so as to gradually develop the attitude, methods and thinking of inquiry.
(2) the method of scientific thinking
Scientific thinking methods include formal logical thinking, dialectical logical thinking, critical thinking and divergent thinking.
Scientific thinking habits are not unique to scientists. They are skills that everyone can and should master. Once a person has mastered these skills, no matter what occupation he is engaged in, he can enjoy it all his life.
Question 2: What are the basic qualities that middle school biology mainly cultivates students? The new "Biology Curriculum Standard" regards improving the literacy of biological science as one of the basic concepts. "Biological literacy" mainly refers to the biological concept and scientific inquiry ability needed to participate in social activities, economic activities, production practice activities and personal decision-making, including understanding the relationship between science, technology and society, understanding the nature of science, and forming scientific attitudes and values. It can be summarized that biological literacy is mainly composed of scientific knowledge, scientific ability, scientific method, scientific consciousness and scientific quality. It can be seen that having biological literacy is helpful to deal with the relationship between man and nature, man and society, and man and technology, and can better adapt to society. After the curriculum reform, middle school biology textbooks are closer to life, nature and society, and more scientific and interesting. This is not only helpful for students to understand and master biological science knowledge, but also helps to promote the development of students' intelligence and ability, help students understand the nature and objective world of science, and help students form a scientific world outlook and values. Middle school biology teachers should make full use of the characteristics of textbooks and materials related to cultivating students' scientific literacy, strengthen the cultivation of students' scientific literacy and improve students' biological literacy. The following are some specific methods to improve students' biological literacy in teaching. 1. Stimulating students' interest in learning biology is the premise of improving students' biological literacy. The quality of students in rural middle schools is uneven, and their learning initiative is different, so it is particularly important to mobilize students' interest in learning. How to stimulate students' interest in learning biology? The novel introduction of new lessons can stimulate students' interest in learning biology. The introduction of classroom teaching is like the introduction of drama, the prelude of film and television drama, and the well-designed introduction can touch students' heartstrings and make them feel high. Biological knowledge is rich and colorful, and teachers should be good at expressing biological knowledge in exquisite artistic forms, thus stimulating students' interest in learning biology. Different teaching contents will lead to different methods of introducing new courses, but the form should be novel, unique and interesting. For example, when learning "animals living in water", let students observe the shape, body color, body surface structure and movement state of live crucian carp, then cut off their pectoral fins, dorsal fins and caudal fins respectively, and then let students observe the changes of their movement state. The students saw that the fish with the dorsal fin cut off would lose balance and roll over, the fish with the pectoral fin cut off could only swim forward without turning, and the fish with the caudal fin cut off obviously slowed down and swayed. These phenomena make students extremely excited and naturally stimulate their strong interest in theoretical learning. (B) through the implementation of teaching materials in the "activities" to cultivate students' diligent exploration of biological literacy. After the curriculum reform, there are many activities in the teaching materials, and teachers should master the content, difficulty and form of the activities flexibly according to the reality. Try to let students do their own inquiry activities. Emphasize the process rather than the result in the activity, so that students can understand the general methods of scientific inquiry, improve their scientific inquiry ability and cultivate a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts. For example, when talking about "the relationship between microorganisms and human beings", the textbook arranged a "homemade kimchi" activity. According to the actual situation, teachers can let students make kimchi and homemade wine and rice wine by themselves under the guidance of experienced parents. Students taste their own kimchi and rice wine, which is very fulfilling. This can greatly stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning biology, and lay a foundation for students to further study and master biological knowledge and improve their biological literacy. Second, cultivate students' awareness of life science with rich biological knowledge. If one knows nothing about biology, let alone be interested in it. Only when biological knowledge has accumulated to a certain extent can students become interested in biology. Therefore, in teaching, expanding students' horizons and grasping the relationship between the basic knowledge of teaching materials and the research trends of life sciences in time are conducive to cultivating students' awareness of loving life sciences. For example, by introducing the totipotency of cells, the application examples of plant tissue culture technology are introduced, such as rapid propagation of flower seedlings by tissue culture technology. In the "material basis of heredity" part, the frontier knowledge of life science such as genetic engineering, genetic engineering achievements and human genome project is introduced. For example, fast-growing genetically modified fish obtained by genetic technology in China; Extrusion-resistant and storage-resistant transgenic tomatoes; The human genome project will complete the mapping of all 23 pairs of human chromosomes, and AIDS, malignant tumors, genetic diseases and other stubborn diseases that plague mankind will be overcome, thus greatly improving ...
Question 3: Why should we cultivate students' biological core literacy?
Biological core literacy is the most basic, important and key literacy among many biological literacy. Teachers can learn from biological emotion, biological thinking mode, biological key ability and biological social responsibility.
Question 4: What is biological science literacy? Detailed scientific literacy refers to the scientific concepts and processes needed to understand and make personal decisions, participate in civil and cultural affairs and engage in economic production. The most basic meaning of scientific literacy means that students can reasonably apply what they have learned to social and personal life. The basic task of science education is to cultivate students' necessary and sustainable scientific literacy. Life science is a part of science, so the basic task of biology education is to cultivate and improve students' biological science literacy. Biology teachers should strive to make all students have the opportunity to become people with good scientific literacy after studying this course. Through the study of biology, students are expected to develop in the following four aspects:
1. Scientific attitude and scientific world outlook: Scientific attitude refers to people's scientific beliefs and habits based on their correct understanding of scientific knowledge and understanding of scientific development, including curiosity, honesty (seeking truth from facts), cooperation and creativity (independent thinking and creative learning). The scientific world outlook embodies some basic beliefs and attitudes of scientists towards science, including: first, thinking that the world can be known; Second, scientific knowledge is constantly changing; Third, the subject of scientific knowledge has continuity and stability; Fourth, science cannot provide all the answers.
Second, the methods and skills of scientific inquiry:
1, scientific inquiry is not only the methods and skills of scientists.
If a student has personally experienced scientific inquiry activities during his study at school, he may be deeply impressed by biology when he leaves school. The new junior high school biology curriculum standard experimental textbooks all have some inquiry experiments on given topics, which can help students understand the nature of scientific inquiry well. When participating in inquiry, students should master the general skills of scientific inquiry, including the ability to ask questions, make assumptions, make plans, collect evidence, draw conclusions, express and communicate. Scientific inquiry is more important in the process than in the result. The real intention of students' inquiry is not only to master the biological knowledge itself, but more importantly, to let students learn the general methods of scientific inquiry, so that they can personally understand how scientists are confused about problems, how to assume the "answer" of problems, and think about ways to solve problems, so as to gradually develop the attitude, methods and thinking quality of inquiry.
2. Scientific thinking mode includes formal logical thinking, dialectical logical thinking, critical thinking and divergent thinking.
Third, science, technology and society (STS): Biology courses educate students with STS, aiming at highlighting the relationship between science, technology and society, that is, the starting point of education and teaching content is not limited to scientific knowledge itself, but also emphasizes the relationship between them.
Biological knowledge and skills: Biological knowledge includes basic biological concepts, principles and laws. It is also one of the basic tasks of biology curriculum to let students master certain biological knowledge. In the junior middle school stage of compulsory education, students should obtain the basic facts, principles and laws about biological structure, life activities, biology and environment, biological evolution and biotechnology, and have a general understanding of the whole picture of biology. Biology course should give students an opportunity to understand the progress of modern biology and the impact of modern biotechnology on human society and people's lives, which includes both positive and negative effects. It is another important goal in the field of knowledge to let students use the knowledge and methods they have learned to solve the problems around them in research study or practical activities, so that students can have the ability to use knowledge.
Question 5: How to cultivate students' biological literacy 1 and cultivate students' interest in biology is the foundation. You should arouse students' curiosity.
2. Cultivate students' spirit of seeking knowledge, guide them to know more about their favorite biological knowledge, cultivate this habit and let them communicate more. Don't follow the book for 40 minutes in class, and expand communication appropriately, which is also conducive to cultivating students' interest.
3. Cultivate students' rigorous spirit and dialectical spirit. You know, biology, whether it is like the liberal arts in junior high school or not, is a science in the final analysis, which requires rigorous inquiry spirit and dialectical spirit. In class, we can ask some self-made questions to make students think and dialectically use their own material resources, which can stimulate students' interest in learning.
4, in addition to cultivating interest, but also to some students with learning difficulties for targeted counseling, mainly to cultivate thinking methods, so that he knows how to comprehensively and rigorously consider biological issues.
That's basically it. This is just my opinion. I wish you peaches and plums all over the world!
Question 6: What is the major of biological science? I graduated from biology. The specific courses of each school are similar, mainly the basic subjects of life science. The more important subjects are biochemistry, cell, molecule, genetics, animal and plant microorganisms and physiology. I have taken about 30 courses, and there are many necessary elective courses in biology, such as professional English, biostatistics, bioinformatics and so on. The most important thing is the experiment: I took it at that time. These are the basic courses of life science research. Of course, there are many things like neurobiology and behavioral ecology, which can be chosen according to personal interests. I suggest you don't apply for life science in normal universities, and find a university with strong experimental strength, such as HKUST. Of course, you can also study a key undergraduate course first, then take the postgraduate entrance examination and recommend Chinese Academy of Sciences and HKUST. It is easier to go abroad.
Question 7: Why is the subject position of biology so important? Biology is a science that studies life phenomena and the laws of biological activities, and it is a basic science course.
The importance of biology is mainly reflected in the following three aspects ~
1, basic discipline
Biology is a natural science specializing in the study of life phenomena and activities; It is a basic subject; It is related to the survival and development of mankind, industrial and agricultural production and new technological revolution; It is closely related to related applied science and other natural sciences. The practical value of biology to human life is an ancient topic in the history of human development. But today; It has been given a new meaning.
For example; At present, one of the hot spots of social and economic development in China ―― agriculture, rural areas and farmers, agriculture, farmers and rural areas: solving problems; This depends on the improvement of farmers' biological science literacy. Transgenic technology and heterosis are widely used in animal and plant breeding. Eco-housing, eco-tourism and other new things; At the same time, improve people's quality of life; It is also constantly forming new industries; Provide new development opportunities. In health care; After the survival problem is solved; People are more concerned about the quality of life and health. Reproductive technology, organ transplantation, malignant tumor research, stem cell research, etc. Every achievement has attracted the attention of all mankind. "SARS" in 2003, SARS: its prevalence and prevention; The prevalence and prevention of influenza virus H 1N 1 last year; It also reflects the importance of public health knowledge and biological science literacy. Salt prices have risen in many places; The salt in the supermarket was snapped up; Why? Now I want to be interesting; But it does reflect how lacking China people's biological science literacy is. Environmental protection needs biological science to provide basic research results; In order to find a proper balance between man and nature; So as to ensure sustainable development.
Modern biotechnology is affecting the future of mankind.
1: Modern biotechnology has brought bright prospects and well-being to mankind.
Such as transplanting disease-resistant genes into plant cells; Can improve the resistance of crops to pests and diseases; Can increase production and avoid pesticide pollution? Using gene transfer and cell fusion technology, new plants with salt tolerance, drought tolerance or cold tolerance can be cultivated. Turn saline-alkali land into fertile land; Turn the desert into an oasis; This can not only effectively expand the cultivated land area; But also can significantly improve the ecological environment? The application of biotechnology in food industry: it can shorten the fermentation cycle; Reduce energy consumption and material consumption; And it can improve the quality? Application of biotechnology in chemical industry: Can low energy consumption, light pollution or pollution-free microbial process replace traditional chemical process with high energy consumption and heavy pollution? Application of biotechnology in metallurgical industry: extracting gold by microorganisms; So as to completely change the metallurgical industry? In terms of environmental protection; Biotechnology can degrade all kinds of wastes most effectively so far; Can you also produce useful substances from waste? Even at present, there are still many controversial somatic cell cloning technologies; It can also be predicted that it will bring new gospel to mankind, not just disaster; For example, it can be used to speed up the reproduction of fine varieties and endangered animals. This is especially true for artificial insemination and IVF technology; Although there are social and ethical problems; But there are still more people who appreciate the benefits this technology brings to mankind.
In short; Global environmental protection and the development and utilization of biological resources; Prevention and treatment of human health and diseases; The issue of prenatal and postnatal care is related to the quality of the people; And the improvement of the basic necessities of human life; They are all closely related to biology. Therefore; Learn biology well; A person will benefit for life.
2. The scientific ideas and methods of biological science have had a far-reaching impact on human civilization.
For half a century; Major breakthroughs have been made in life sciences; Especially at the end of last century; Among several major events in the history of world science and technology; Life science accounts for almost more than half. Its great achievements not only developed the knowledge of life science; It also changes the society, people's values and lifestyles invisibly. Many scientists call 2 1 century the century of life science; Biology will become the dominant discipline in 2 1 century. Why do you say that? On the one hand, it means that the development of biotechnology is greatly affecting people's lives and economic and technological development; On the other hand; The development of biological science is profoundly changing human thinking and way of thinking, ecological view, natural selection view and so on. As for the scientific method; Biology has a profound influence on other disciplines.
3. Biology has multiple educational functions.
In addition to spreading knowledge; Biology also has many educational functions; Such as > >;
Question 8: How to understand the scientific literacy and core biological literacy of biology discipline reflects a person's mastery of the core basic content of biology field, and we can use it to standardize our teaching behavior. Biological science literacy refers to citizens' participation in social life. These contents can not only broaden students' horizons and dare to experiment, but also enable students to have a deeper understanding of the scientific process. In the process of biological experiment, pay attention to and participate in the discussion and decision-making of social problems related to biotechnology. The core basic content of biology includes at least the following five aspects. After such repeated application and training, students can better grasp the relevant biological knowledge about social relations and technology, and hope that students can have more.
Socialization of science and technology and scientization of society have become one of the hot spots in today's social life, and practical ability is five important components of scientific literacy. Seeking truth from facts and establishing a scientific attitude of scientific thinking after the experiment: "Biological scientific literacy is an important part of citizens' scientific literacy, and it can also give full play to students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning. Through the study of science, the basic abilities and habits, suggestions and ideas of lifelong learning are formed.