South Vietnam, like most small countries in the southwest of China (such as Yelang Kingdom), has a guess that there is internal rebellion. Looking back at the history of China, it is not difficult to find that the founders of every dynasty were people with strong sandwich skills, but they often declined in the second or several generations, resulting in the monopoly of heavy weapons by consorts, courtiers or military commanders, and even tragedies such as Tian Daiqi; Another analysis, external threats, is in the southwest border, which is a large number of countries. If a country wants to survive, it must either expand on a large scale or rely on other powerful countries. Therefore, once a country is weakened by the obesity or cowardice of its rulers, other countries will be eyeing it and will not let it go. It is an inevitable trend to annex it. These laws have become an important way of life in the initial civilization period of human history.

Who's Zhao Tuo? Now more and more people know. Briefly introduce Zhao Tuo and Zhao Zhending (now Zhengding). Qin was then the commander-in-chief of Longchuan County and Nanhai County. After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, he attacked Guilin County and Xiang Jun County and became the king of South Vietnam. When Emperor Gaozu surrendered to the Central Committee of the Western Han Dynasty, Lv Hou turned against the Central Committee of the Western Han Dynasty and became the emperor of South Vietnam. In the first year of Emperor Wendi, he surrendered to the Western Han Dynasty. Date of birth is unknown. I only know that Zhao Tuo participated in the Qin Dynasty's war to unify Lingnan, and was a major general. There are two versions about the year of his death. One is the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, 137 BC, and the other is not recorded in the history books. According to academic circles and society, Zhao Tuo's age is as high as 108, 106, 105, 102,1kloc-0/,and zero in a hundred years. The above viewpoints have been used by cultural units such as Guangzhou Nanyue King Tomb Museum, Nanyue Kingdom Palace Preparatory Office, Shijiazhuang Zhao Tuo Cultural Park, Longchuan Zhao Tuo Temple and other tourist attractions, historical archaeological works such as Nanyue Kingdom History, Three Archaeological Discoveries of Qin and Han Dynasties in Guangzhou, and Guangzhou Cultural Relics, as well as all publicity materials and historical drama Nanyue King introduced the history of Nanyue Kingdom and archaeological discoveries of Nanyue King Tomb in official website, Guangdong Province. Zhao Tuo lived to be over 100 years old, which has become a common saying now. Recently, it was reported that the 50 episodes of the historical drama "The King of South Vietnam", starring famous movie stars Lv Liangwei, Tang Guoqiang, Wang Gang and Ning Jing, have entered the later stage of production and will meet the audience in June and July this year. The drama tells the historical story of Zhao Tuo, the king of South Vietnam, from the age of 30 to the age of 106, unifying Lingnan, establishing the kingdom of South Vietnam, and realizing the great national integration of "harmony and harmony" and "returning to Han Dynasty". In the play, Zhao Tuo not only had the legendary experience of being a king who ruled the country with benevolence, but also had rich emotional lines-he had four wives and arranged for Zhao Tuo to compete with Qin Shihuang for a play called Princess Weiyang. Lu, Tang, Wang and Ning played Zhao Tuo, Qin Shihuang, Zhao Gao and Princess Weiyang respectively. With such a strong cast, it is conceivable that the production cost of this play must be very high, and it will definitely become an instant hit in the future. Zhao Tuo, king of South Vietnam, became a household name after the TV series hit. However, some dogs noticed this and always wanted to say something.

Look at Zhao Tuo's historical achievements first. What are the highlights of Zhao Tuo in the history of China? In the past, due to my work and interest, I have read Historical Records and Biography of Hanshu South Vietnam many times, and I know a little about historical documents. As a general, Zhao Tuo took part in the war to unify Lingnan, and served as the magistrate of Longchuan County in Nanhai County. His historical achievements are self-evident. After the peasant uprising broke out at the end of Qin Dynasty, Zhao Tuo took over as the prefect of Nanhai County, sent troops to guard the pass leading from the northern part of Lingnan, and was critical of Qin officials in every way. If you say that Zhao Tuo's move not only cooperated with the peasant war to destroy Qin in the world, but also saved Lingnan from the war, I also recognize it. As soon as the Qin regime was overthrown, Zhao Tuo attacked Guilin and Xiang Jun and became the king of South Vietnam. We can also see Zhao Tuo's extraordinary talent and military talent. After the Chu-Han dispute, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang "worked for his country, so he spared no effort". Obviously, the evaluation of Zhao Tuo was not high at that time. "Send Lv Jia as the king of South Vietnam, communicate with the felling operators, gather hundreds of yue, and not suffer from South Vietnam." Liu Bang told Zhao Tuo to take good care of Lingnan, unite with the local Vietnamese, and not make trouble for the central authorities. Nowadays, people are praising Zhao Tuo. Based on the above, the expectations of the Central Committee of the Western Han Dynasty for Zhao Tuo were understood as Zhao Tuo's actual actions in Lingnan. It is believed that Zhao Tuo should govern Lingnan, respect Vietnamese local customs, actively advocate national unity, vigorously develop economy, promote national integration, establish a harmonious society and safeguard national unity. Make the above evaluation and summary, in addition, there is no other literature basis. We continue to look down. In the twelfth year of Emperor Gaozu, Liu Bang died and Lv Hou came to power. Fearing that South Vietnam was too strong to be controlled, we controlled its much-needed strategic materials and stopped delivering copper and iron farm tools, only giving them to cows, horses and sheep for the male and not to the mother. This angered Zhao Tuo, and Zhao Tuo turned against him-"So the self-esteem number, Emperor Wu of South Vietnam, sent troops to attack the border city of Changsha and lost several counties." "Well, so fighting the enemy, property liabilities in fujian, Vietnam, west ou, luo, service is yan, things in more than ten thousand. However, taking the Huang family to the left, and calling it a system, and China. " Look at this Zhao Tuo, Lao tze also defy you tube! Be what king? I am the son of heaven. Am I angry? ! Even Fujian and Yunnan-Guizhou regions have United him with both hard and soft methods. Please comment, can you think that Zhao Tuo's move is a bold denial of the unreasonable discrimination policy of the central government? If he is a hero with a deep understanding of righteousness, doesn't he know that he should have a sense of the overall situation? If you have something to say, how can you start a war easily? There is nothing wrong with making mistakes. If you change, you will be a good comrade. See if Zhao Tuo has changed? In the first year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, "I called (Lu) Jia, thinking that he was a doctor too much and made him. Because he became an emperor himself, no one reported it. " Severely condemn Zhao Tuo's bad behavior against the self-proclaimed emperor of the Central Committee of the Western Han Dynasty. Zhao Tuo felt guilty and promised not to call himself emperor. He said: "The emperor is a moral son of heaven. From now on, go to the imperial residence and leave. " "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" are all followed by "Lu Jia repay kindness, Emperor Xiaowen talks big. When you get to Xiaojing, you will be a vassal and please people. South Vietnam stole the name of its home country, making it the son of heaven, and calling it a vassal. " You got it? That is to say, until the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, although South Vietnam was nominally a vassal of the Central Committee of the Western Han Dynasty, some envoys came to the court to invite it, but South Vietnam was still called the emperor in China, that is to say, the king of South Vietnam was still an emperor in China, but he was a vassal in the court. What does it mean to be proclaimed emperor? What's the difference between being king and being king? It's easy to understand. If A-Bian calls himself the president of Taiwan Province Province or the chief executive of Taiwan Province Province instead of calling himself the president, then he is a good son deeply loved by the people of China. Otherwise, it will be the same as our official and folk attitudes towards him today. If someone has a different explanation for "the country of residence in South Vietnam has always stolen its name", it may not be easy to refute it before. 1983 In the tomb of Nanyue King found in Guangzhou and Hong Kong, the owner of the tomb was buried with the golden seal of Wendi and the jade seal of Wendi. In addition, the seal of Wendi and bronzes engraved with the inscription "Nine Years of Wendi Yuefu" were unearthed in other parts of the tomb. It shows that immediate successor of Zhao Tuo was a self-respecting "Wendi" in South Vietnam, and the country of South Vietnam was marked by the word "Wendi". Look, during the period of Zhao Tuo and his successors, Nanyue State did not belong to the territory under the direct jurisdiction of feudal centralization in the Western Han Dynasty. South Vietnam is so presumptuous, how can the Central Committee of the Western Han Dynasty bear it? The reason is that at the time of Wenjing, there were both the internal worries of princes named Liu and the foreign invasion of Xiongnu in the north, and Yang Teng in Hanzhong did not take steps to clean up the country of South Vietnam, which made him bold and expected a set of disobedience measures. Zhao Tuo is such a kind of Ning who refused to go home and dared to challenge the Central Committee of the Western Han Dynasty. We can't give him such a high evaluation today just because he has stabilized Lingnan society and promoted Lingnan economic development. I have reservations. Taiwan Province Province is also the four little dragons in Asia. Are all the "presidents" in Taiwan Province Province commendable good leaders? We dare not say so. As for the legend of Zhao Tuo's construction of the Chaohan Terrace, it was only a legend that he went to the stage to worship the North Pavilion on the first and fifteenth day of the first lunar month, but it was denied in the following blog posts.

Secondly, it mainly discusses the era of Zhao Tuo. How on earth did Zhao Tuo live to be over one hundred years old? Is there a reliable basis? Below, I will sort out some information I know, which may not be comprehensive. The narrative is complicated, please wait patiently. The historical record "Biography of South Vietnam" quotes the above-mentioned "calling the dynasty life like a vassal" as follows: "He died in the fourth year of Jianyuan. Sun Hu is the king of South Vietnam. At this time, the king of Fujian and Vietnam launched an attack on the border towns of South Vietnam. Hu Zhao said:' The more officials you are, the more you can't attack. Today, both Fujian and Vietnam are raising troops and invading ministers, but I dare not raise troops, so I have to ask the emperor to do so. "So the son of heaven was more helpful and kept his promise in South Vietnam. In order to promote division, he sent two generals to Fujian to discuss with Vietnam. The Notes on Historical Records on Pei Bamboo Slips in the Southern Song Dynasty quoted Guangxu, a man from the Western Jin Dynasty, as saying:' Guangxu said,' Huangfu Mi said, Zhao Tuo, the king of Yue, died in Jianyuan four years, and he was 100 years old in the 70th year of Han Dynasty. "It is not clear where Pei Zhi quoted Guangxu, let alone where Guangxu saw Huangfu Mi's words. This bypasses several bays, and we still have a hard time reading it today. Judging from the collection of Historical Records, the sentence "I died in the fourth year of Jianyuan" may have existed as early as the Wei, Jin and Huangfu Mi dynasties, and at the latest in the Pei Qian era in the Southern Song Dynasty. 1000 years, from Pei Zhi in the Southern Song Dynasty to Liang Tingnan in the Qing Dynasty, no one talked about Zhao Tuo's age. Liang Tingnan wrote A Biography of Five Heroes in South Vietnam, in which Zhao Tuo was directly described as "over 100 years old". If Huangfu Mi is dubious about Zhao Tuo's longevity, then Liang Tingnan can be sure. At the beginning of last century, the famous historian Mr. Lv Simian questioned the era of Zhao Tuo negatively. In Lv Simian's Notes on Reading History, he said: "There is no word' pawn' in historical records, such as (suspicious) quiet people to make it up"; "When you are over 100, the Han people will never beat you again"? "The year after the deceased was unknown, and his son Hu Ji was in Jianyuan for four years." More than half a century has passed, and no one has raised any objection to this. 198 1 year, Mr. Xu Hengbin inferred the age of Zhao Tuo. He believes that the battle of Qin's unification of Lingnan began in the 25th year of Qin Shihuang, that is, in 222 BC. Based on the assumption that Zhao Tuo was 20 years old this year and Jian Yuan was four years old, the conclusion that Zhao Tuo was "about 106 years old" (On the King of Nanyue in Zhao Tuo, No.6544, Essays on the Ancient History of China) was drawn. 1983, a tomb of the king of Nanyue was discovered in Guangzhou. Since the tomb owner was presumed, more and more people talked about Zhao Tuo's age. Well-known archaeologists Huang Zhanyue and Mr. Mai believe that the battle of Qin's unification of Lingnan began in the 28th year of Qin Shihuang, that is, 2 19 BC. It is also assumed that Zhao Tuo was 20 years old in this year, and the year of Jianyuan, that is, BC 137, was the year of Zhao Tuo's death, and it was concluded that "Shounian 100 and 2 years old" (Mai: Guang) Other statements, 108 years old, were made by Lv Liangwei, which may be a slip of the tongue. The age of 105 was also said by Mr. Mai Hao Ying (the eternal mystery of the South Vietnamese Kingdom). I don't know if I changed my mind later. 10 1 year is the result of 102 minus 1 year. One hundred has zero, which is a general statement. In this way, Zhao Tuo lived for more than one hundred years, which became an indisputable conclusion, and at the same time triggered the research fever of the history of South Vietnam. Zhao Tuo, who has been in office for 67 years and is over 100 years old, has been praised more and more widely and truly.

Since Mr. Lv Simian questioned Zhao Tuo's longevity, I don't accept the research conclusion that Zhao Tuo is over 100 years old. After analyzing and studying from the following three aspects, I proved the correctness of Mr. Lv Simian's conjecture, and came to the conclusion that the word "death" in the sentence "Four years to the founding of the Yuan Dynasty" in Historical Records is a literary word.

(1) If the first year of construction is taken as the year of Zhao Tuo's death, then the inferred figures 106 or 102 are obviously conservative. Zhao Tuo led a thousand troops into Lingnan. Why should he be assumed to be 20 years old instead of 30? As a native of Zhao, it is not easy to be a general in the Qin army, and Qin Shihuang appointed him as the deputy governor. Think about it, isn't it a little tender to say that Zhao Tuo is only 20 years old? Let me check it again. In the first year of Emperor Wendi (BC 179), Zhao Tuo wrote an apology letter to Emperor Wendi, calling himself "barbarian elder, husband and wife". "Book of Rites" Quli: "Seventy, the old man ... The doctor is seventy years old and he is still working ... He calls himself an old man, but in his country he is called by his name." Let's assume that Zhao Tuo was over 70 years old in the first year of Emperor Wendi, which is reliable, right? Then, Zhao Tuo will be 1 10 years old four years after he arrived in Jianyuan. In the past, when archaeologists calculated Zhao Tuo's age, they all assumed that he was 20 years old when he led troops to attack Lingnan, not 30 years old, because they were afraid that saying too much about Zhao Tuo's age would arouse more people's doubts. Although the life span is in doubt, it cannot be denied. In ancient times, it was not impossible for someone to live to 100. The legendary Three Emperors and Five Emperors are all 100 to 200 years old. It is said that Peng Zu lived to be 800 years old.

(2) Grammatical analysis. The time object structure guided by "zhi" and its modified verbs are sustainable and repeatable. For example, "At that time, Ximen Bao will go to Huihe" ("Historical Records and Funny Biography"); "Yuan Di, history tour for HuangMenLing ("were officials biography "); "Only for the monarch, thinking so far" (Cao Cao's "Short Songs"). However, the verb expressing death does not have the above properties, so it cannot be modified by the object-object structure of "to" to express time, and can only be supplemented by the object-object structure guided by "Yu". Most of the records about death in Historical Records and Hanshu are: "Fifty years, Wen Gong died." (Historical Records of Qin Benji) or "Died in a certain year". As an independent sentence, "four years to Jianyuan" is not grammatical. If you think that "four years of death to Jianyuan" is grammatical, I will give up my ignorance immediately after you find a similar example, that is, the independent sentence of "subject+to or+time+death, death, collapse and death". There are so many books and records in China that grammatical sentences will not appear only once, will they? If you can't find circumstantial evidence and don't accept my point of view, you can only say that Ginta is unreasonable!

(3) Comparative analysis of Historical Records and Hanshu. There are many places in the copy of Historical Records in Hanshu. The Biography of the Han Dynasty in South Vietnam only supplemented the letter from Emperor Gaozu to Zhao Tuo and the letter from Zhao Tuo to Emperor Gaozu, except that there was no word "death" in the sentence "Emperor Wudi established the Yuan Dynasty for four years", which was similar in other places. If you insist that Sima Qian's original words are like that, then explain clearly that Ban Gu copied historical records from other places. Why did you just delete the word "pawn"?

Based on the above textual research, I still think that Zhao Tuo's date of birth and death is not recorded in Historical Records and Hanshu, and Zhao Tuo's centenary is purely a rumor.

After Zhao Tuo was estimated to be over 100 years old, some people began to explore the mystery of Zhao Tuo's longevity. 1May, 1992, as an archaeologist, I participated in the archaeological excavation of cultural relics along the Guangzhou-Meizhou Railway. I saw a publication "Historical Grand View Garden" sponsored by the History Department of Sun Yat-sen University in the government office of Liucheng Town, Heyuan, which contained an article by a famous archaeologist in Guangzhou. The serial number and title of the article have long been forgotten, but I vaguely remember Mr. Huang's four longevity secrets in Zhao Tuo: optimism, humor and diligence. The basis of Mr. Huang's research and summary comes from two aspects, one is literature, and the other is information unearthed from the tomb of Nanyue King. The research method is the double evidence law initiated by Mr. Wang Guowei. For example, a variety of Chinese herbal medicines were unearthed from the tomb of Nanyue King, indicating that the tomb owner must pay attention to maintenance before his death. The owner of the tomb is Zhao Tuo's grandson, and his grandson knows how to maintain it. Does that grandfather know nothing about maintenance? This is how Mr. Huang demonstrated. It is reported that Lv Liangwei, who plays Zhao Tuo, is also very curious about the mystery of Zhao Tuo's longevity. He said: "In such a Qin Long dynasty, it is incredible that he can live to be 106 years old. This drama will also reveal a little mystery of longevity in details. " The "King of South Vietnam" crew should also summarize the mystery of Zhao Tuo's longevity. I don't know what's new. Could it be that Zhao Tuo took the "elixir of life"? Because five kinds of raw materials for refining Dan medicine were found in his grandson's tomb: cinnabar, lead block, amethyst, sulfur and malachite. According to Mr. Huang's logic, the grandson knows alchemy and eats Dan, but he doesn't know how to eat Dan. This is logical. In the play, Zhao Tuo was divided into four wives. Is this also the mystery of longevity? Lv Liangwei admits that he can't stand having more wives, so why can't Zhao Tuo eat? I must have eaten something good that everyone knows, and most people don't tell me. Zhao Tuo's military career can be described as a lean generation. Is his longevity the result of endless fighting with others? Archaeologists' research conclusions, as a kind of knowledge, have been widely accepted by all walks of life.

Finally, I want to talk about some other issues. As far as I know, many people like to watch historical dramas, and they say they can increase their historical knowledge. But can film and television works be compared with history books? How many historical elements can a historical drama have? Judging from the TV series of the Dynasty and the Great Emperor that have been successfully broadcast at present, the directors have adopted purely commercial operation methods, such as replacing wood with flowers, and Guan Gong's confrontation with Qin Qiong, which is out of thin air, full of fiction, and full of mistakes and omissions, which is extremely inconsistent with historical facts. How many people will read history books to verify the plot? I'm worried that over time, people's minds will be full of these wrong knowledge. The directors' imaginations are quite rich, and the stories are ups and downs and exciting, which makes people chase after one episode after another. Ordinary people read nothing, but people who need to study history read it. It is misleading and difficult to correct it if they regard it as knowledge. Therefore, I suggest that schools and parents should give students proper guidance and explanation when they watch so-called historical TV dramas. The plot is not history-I'm too worried.

Ladies and gentlemen, if you want to know the history of South Vietnam and Zhao Tuo, it only takes two hours and two TV dramas. Historical Records and Biography of South Vietnam are only over 2,000 words, and Hanshu is copied from Historical Records, slightly supplemented, with slightly more words. I have prepared everything for you. If you want to know more, there are also some related records in Historical Records, such as biographies of Master Hou's father, Dongyue, Southwest Yi, Xiongnu, Xiaowu and Han Shu, such as biographies of Yan and Zhu Maichen. It is estimated that there are less than 5000 historical materials about South Vietnam in the two books. There are also some records in the "human exegesis" of Huainanzi, but they are not official and have low credibility. Later generations recorded the history of South Vietnam on the basis of Historical Records and Hanshu, not history.

When we study history today, we must first respect it. Some people say that history is like a bitch, whoever looks at it will catch it. I am extremely disgusted with this statement. What makes people disgusted is not those who tamper with, distort, fabricate and fabricate history, those who use history to tell things, those who don't respect and are not serious about history, but those who have evil thoughts compare them with innocent history. I am interested in history and have feelings. If we must compare history to an adult, in my opinion, history is like a beautiful, simple, tolerant and arrogant Sargam. She is beautiful and mysterious, and people always want to get close to her. She has incomplete regrets, but it's not her fault. You can know her, but you can't know her completely. You can guess her, but guessing right or wrong is none of her business. You can say that she has some unsolved mysteries. That's just your own confusion. She never meant to play tricks on you on purpose. Even, you can spread the wings of imagination and tell her eloquently and interestingly, but that can only be counted as your own entertainment. In short, she is her, and the simplest and most correct attitude towards her is respect.

As for "The King of South Vietnam", let Zhao Tuo steal his wife from Qin Shihuang out of the need of the plot, so let's not be too serious. This plot can only be thought of by modern people. Now it's called sex bribery, but the director twisted it. Zhao Tuo is a county-level cadre at best, and Qin Shihuang bribed him? Give him your woman? Have you read Epang Gong Fu? What are you thinking about? ! It's best to comment in Cantonese, but you can't see the rough and accurate words: it's really high!