Lv Buwei emphasized the legitimacy and legality of following the way of nature and seeking the way of governance from the way of nature. According to the sequence, "My love, please ask me about my twelve seasons. Wen Xinhou said:' I can learn from the reason why the Yellow Emperor taught Zhuan Xu, because there is a great position above and a great moment below, so you can learn from it and be the parents of the people.' Gavin Guqing is a legal person. "Visible, Lv Buwei is the Yellow Emperor taught Zhuan Xu, for example, that there is heaven on earth, heaven and earth have rules. As long as the country is governed according to the rules of heaven and earth, it will be peaceful and peaceful. Therefore, starting from Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, the legitimacy of rule should be based on the avenue, and the value orientation of governing the country is naturally determined by law and nature. For example, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals emphasizes that the world is public, and everything should not be partial to one another, which is based on natural phenomena as reasoning evidence. "This world, not a person's world, is the world. The sum of yin and yang is not long; Dew doesn't steal when it rains; Lord of all, not one. "("Return to the Public ")" The sky is selfless, the earth is selfless, the sun and the moon are selfless, and the four seasons are selfless. Do what you do, and everything grows. "("privatization ")
In Lu's "Spring and Autumn Annals", the heaven mentioned by Laozi is clearly there. "People have no way to know the sky, and the people know the sky at four o'clock. In the business of the four seasons, all life and blood are in their proper places, and their production is safe. People and ministers can't know the Lord, but they know the Lord by rewarding and punishing him. The Lord rewards and punishes appropriately, so friends and relatives, near and far, sages and unscrupulous people all make the best use of it and think it is useful. " In this way, heaven and personnel are completely consistent, and those who violate heaven will be punished. More importantly, there are all kinds of conflicts in natural phenomena, such as gentle breeze, drizzle and storm. Then, the differences in views of personnel theory and the contradictions between various schools can also be proved in a natural way. Later generations have always thought that it is a pity that various theories in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals conflict with each other, but according to the understanding of the laws of heaven and earth, it is this kind of conflict and contradiction that conforms to heaven.
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is a masterpiece of hundred schools of thought, but it is not confined to one family and has formed its own characteristics. Later generations' research and evaluation of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals are all due to this. People who praise it think that it is a family, "giving full play to the rights of all the scholars" (high words); The detractors think that it is just a grocery store, "not enough to form a family statement" (Liang Qichao's words). When we talk about Lv Chunqiu, a predecessor, I hope we don't regard it as a summary of a hundred schools of thought. Wei Yun said in the book Collection of Solutions: "Lu Lan is a book, full of subtle knowledge and rigorous system, analyzing the ups and downs of success or failure, and compiling the chapters of heaven and earth. It is always late for the elites of Zhou Dynasty to learn from hundred schools of thought's theory in the pre-Qin period. Although it is not necessarily a good word, it must be the throat of nine streams and the key to sage. " Those who talk about the shortcomings of Lu Chunqiu couldn't wait to put it in the trash can of history, but it was preserved because it still has historical value. For example, Feng Youlan said in the History of China Philosophy: "A philosophy must have its central concept (that is, the opinions of philosophers). All works without a central concept, that is, so-called miscellaneous books, such as Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Huainanzi, cannot be the original historical materials of the history of philosophy; However, it has reportable value and can be used as auxiliary historical materials. " Whether it is praise or disapproval, it is related to the absorption of hundreds of thoughts in Lv Chunqiu.
The keynote of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is Taoism. From the overall thinking, this judgment is appropriate, especially Lu Chunqiu's naturalistic tendency, which not only inherits Taoism, but also develops Taoism. Lv Chunqiu, on the other hand, abandons the negative side of Taoist thought, which requires human beings to conform to nature and consciously exert their creativity. And this kind of play and creation need to be verified by natural laws. For example, most of the ancient health preservation theories originated from Taoism, and Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals is no exception. However, this kind of health preservation is no longer a passive return to nature by Taoist Zhuangzi, but a humanistic construction goal realized by Huang. "Where the living, the day also; Repairers are also people. " The so-called health preservation means "being able to nourish what is born in the sky without killing it" (Bunsen). From health preservation to governing the country, everything has a reason. "The nature of water is clear, and the nature of soil is broken, so it is unknown. People have sex for a long time, and if things are taken away, they can't live. Things are also, so they are nourishing and not so nourishing. People in this world, confused people, mostly support things with sex, but they don't know the weight. I don't know the weight, then the heavy one is light, and the light one is heavy. If so, every move is invincible. Take this as the monarch, against; Take this as a minister, chaos; It's crazy to take this as a son. Three countries and one state, if you are unlucky, you will die. " The way of nature is not to restrain people's behavior, but to provide a scale for people's behavior to distinguish priorities. Water is clear in nature, but it can't be clear if people keep scooping water with soil; People are born to live a long life, but people work hard for material desires and of course die. Things should be healthy, not supported by life. Today's people, who don't know the sky and are confused by things, often turn the weight upside down. Once the weight is reversed, the monarch's behavior deviates from the right path, the minister is confused and abnormal, and his son is arrogant and disobedient. As long as one of the three appears, the country will decline. Therefore, keeping in good health is not like Zhuangzi's turning into nature, passive and inaction, nor deviating from heaven in pursuit of impossible longevity, but preserving heaven in order to prevent premature death. "Everything is made by saints, and the sky is also everything." Therefore, getting on and off the bus is really a "trick", fat wine is "carrion" and decadent music is "axe". Some people refuse to be rich, do not seek fame and fortune, but only seek health. Obviously, Lv Chunqiu inherited the Huang School and Zhuangzi School, and revised the Zhuangzi School.