The Nature of Physical Education and Health Curriculum
Physical education and health curriculum is an important part of school curriculum. This course takes physical exercise as the main means, studies the knowledge, skills and methods of sports and health as the main content, and aims at improving students' health and cultivating students' lifelong sports awareness and ability.
Physical education and health courses have the following characteristics:
Foundation? The course emphasizes training students to master the necessary knowledge, skills and methods of physical education and health, and develop physical exercise habits and healthy living habits, so as to lay a good foundation for students' lifelong physical education study and healthy living.
Practical? The course emphasizes physical exercise as the main means to improve students' practical ability of physical education and health through physical education and health learning, physical exercise and behavior development.
Fitness? The course emphasizes that in the process of learning the knowledge, skills and methods of physical education and health, proper physical exercise can improve students' physical fitness and sports skills and promote their healthy growth.
Comprehensive? The course emphasizes giving full play to the educational function of physical education, emphasizing physical education and healthy learning, infiltrating moral education, and integrating some knowledge and skills in healthy behavior and lifestyle, growth and development and adolescent health care, mental health and social adaptation, disease prevention, safety emergency and avoidance. And integrate and reflect the curriculum objectives, curriculum content, process, methods and other values.
Basic concepts of physical education and health curriculum
(1) insist? Health first? Guiding ideology of promoting students' healthy growth.
What are the physical education and health courses based on? Health first? Taking this as the guiding ideology, we should strive to build a curriculum goal and structure that organically unifies knowledge and skills, processes and methods, emotional attitudes and values of sports and health, and integrate knowledge related to students' healthy growth while emphasizing sports characteristics. Through the teaching of physical education and health course, students can master sports skills, develop their physique, gradually form health and safety awareness and a good lifestyle, and promote the coordinated and all-round development of students' body and mind.
(2) Stimulate students' interest in sports and cultivate students' awareness and habits of physical exercise.
The course of physical education and health emphasizes the determination of course objectives, the selection and application of teaching contents and methods, and the connection with students' learning and life experience, so as to guide students to experience sports fun and improve the motivation level of physical education and healthy learning. Pay attention to the education of students' correct sports values and sense of responsibility, cultivate students' spirit of hard exercise, promote students to actively participate in sports activities, and basically form physical exercise habits.
(3) Focusing on students' development, helping students learn physical education and healthy study.
Physical education and health curriculum attaches great importance to students' development needs, and always focuses on promoting students' physical and mental development from curriculum design to learning evaluation. While giving full play to the leading role of teachers in the teaching process, this course attaches great importance to students' dominant position in the learning process, and pays attention to cultivating students' abilities of autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning, so as to promote students to master the methods of physical education and healthy learning and learn physical education and healthy learning.
(D) Pay attention to regional differences and individual differences to ensure that every student benefits.
The curriculum of physical education and health emphasizes paying full attention to the differences between different regions, schools and students on the premise of ensuring the basic requirements of the national curriculum. All regions and schools should reasonably choose and design course contents according to local conditions, effectively use teaching methods and evaluation means, and strive to make every student receive basic physical education and health education, so as to promote students' continuous progress and development.
Reflections on the Curriculum Design of Physical Education and Health
(A) according to the needs of students' all-round development to determine the curriculum target system and curriculum content.
According to the multi-dimensional health concept and the characteristics of physical education, and drawing lessons from the experience of curriculum development in physical education class, the course objective system and course content are set up from four aspects: sports participation, sports skills, physical health, mental health and social adaptation, which provides clear guidance for all regions and schools to formulate curriculum implementation plans and teaching plans to ensure students to better achieve their learning goals.
(B) according to the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, divide learning levels.
Physical education and health curriculum in compulsory education divides students' learning into four levels, and sets corresponding learning goals in four aspects: sports participation, sports skills, physical health, mental health and social adaptation. 1 to 4 levels correspond to 1 ~ 2, 3 ~ 4, 5 ~ 6 and 7 ~ 9 levels respectively.
Considering students' individual differences in learning, in order to meet the needs of students with spare capacity for further development, physical education and health courses encourage these students to further expand and improve.
(three) according to the evaluation principle, set operational and observable learning goals.
In order to ensure the achievement of learning objectives and the operability of learning evaluation, physical education and health courses put forward specific and observable learning objectives. Special attention should be paid to setting the learning objectives of sports participation, mental health and social adaptation as easy-to-observe behavior representations, helping teachers to observe, guide and evaluate students more accurately, and promoting students to form good sports attitude, psychological quality and social behavior.
(4) According to the requirements of three-level curriculum management, ensure the selectivity of curriculum content.
On the basis of establishing the course objective system and course content, physical education and health course puts forward the selection principle of specific teaching content. When making specific curriculum implementation plans and teaching plans, all regions and schools should choose suitable teaching content from the reality of teachers, venue equipment and students' sports foundation. The foundation of physical education in rural schools is relatively weak, so we should pay special attention to the development and utilization of various practical curriculum resources to ensure the normal implementation of the curriculum.
(5) Establish a diversified learning evaluation system according to the learning objectives and development needs of the course.
The course of physical education and health has established a multi-learning evaluation system which is beneficial to students' progress and development. It requires comprehensive evaluation of students' physical quality, knowledge and skills, attitude and participation, emotion and cooperation, advocates guiding students to conduct self-evaluation and mutual evaluation on the basis of teacher evaluation, and attaches importance to the combination of formative evaluation and summative evaluation to improve students' initiative, enthusiasm and self-evaluation ability in physical education learning and exercise.