Current location - Health Preservation Learning Network - Health preserving class - The human history of Laoshan Mountain
The human history of Laoshan Mountain
Laoshan Mountain is one of the cradles of Taoism. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, Laoshan has gathered a group of alchemists who have been engaged in health preservation and self-cultivation for a long time. In the chronicle of the Ming Dynasty, there was a record that "Wu Wang Fuxi tasted Lingbao and traveled to Laoshan". By the end of the Warring States Period, Laoshan Mountain had become a famous "Fairy Mountain in the East China Sea" in China.

According to Hanshu, when Emperor Wu visited the Jiaomen Palace in Laoshan, "Taiyi has no immortal cave, which is one of them".

In the first year of Jianyuan in Liang Wudi in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 140), Zhang Lianfu came to Laoshan to build Mao 'an, worshiping the three officials as disciples, and laid the foundation of Taoism in Laoshan. From the Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Five Dynasties, after the reform of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Taoism in Laoshan basically belonged to Taiping Daoism and Daoism, and was divided into Louguan School, Lingbao School and Shangqing School (also known as Maoshan School and Gezhizong School).

In the early Song Dynasty, Song Taizu was named "Gai Hua Real Person" by Liu Ruozhuo, a Taoist priest in Laoshan, and all Taoist temples in Laoshan belonged to the newly established Gai Hua School.

Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the Taoist Quanzhen school has risen, and the temples in Laoshan have converted to the "Northern Seven True Schools". Taoism flourished in Laoshan after Genghis Khan closed the hill. In the Ming Dynasty, the "Dragon School" of Taoism in Laoshan Mountain gave rise to three sects, bringing the total number of sects to 10, and Taoism flourished in Laoshan Mountain and its surrounding areas. By the middle of Qing dynasty, there were nearly 100 Taoist temples, which were called "Nine palaces, Eight temples and Seventy-two temples" in history.

Since modern times, the invasion of imperialist powers has caused serious damage to Taoism in Laoshan, among which the Japanese invaders' "mopping up" Laoshan in 1939~ 1943 was the most harmful. Taoist priests were killed, temples were bombed and treasures were taken away. Since then, Taoism in Laoshan has gone from bad to worse.

After the founding of New China, the Qingdao Municipal People's Government allocated special funds 1952 for the key maintenance of Laoshan Taoist Temple, and Laoshan Taoism was protected and passed down.

In the early period of the Cultural Revolution, Taoism in Laoshan was attacked as the "four elders", statues were destroyed, Taoist priests were dismissed, and religious activities of Taoism in Laoshan were abolished.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the Qingdao Municipal People's Government gradually and systematically restored some Taoist temples in Laoshan, implemented religious policies, recalled Taoist priests, rebuilt statues and returned temple property. The temples that have been restored and opened to the outside world in Laoshan include Taiqing Palace, Shangqing Palace, Mingxia Cave and Taiping Palace. Taoism in Laoshan resumed normal religious activities.

1980 after the restoration of Taoist religious activities in Laoshan, the Taiqing Palace in Laoshan formulated various new regulations for accepting Taoist monks to become monks. In the past 10 years, more than 20 monks became monks here. Buddhism was introduced into Laoshan area 1700 years ago. Laoshan Buddhism began in Wei and Jin Dynasties, flourished in Sui and Tang Dynasties, reached its climax again in Ming Dynasty, and gradually declined in the late Qing Dynasty. The Chongfo Temple in Laoshan Mountain (commonly known as Jinggouyuan) was built in the fifth year of Jingyuan of Wei Yuan Emperor (AD 264). It is the oldest temple in Laoshan Mountain and should be regarded as the origin of Buddhism in Laoshan Mountain. In the eighth year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 4 12), Fa Xian, a monk who went to India and other places to learn Buddhist scriptures, crossed the ocean to return home and landed in the south bank of Laoshan Mountain in Buqi County in a hurricane. At that time, his county was Changguang County, and Li Kui, the Buddhist satrap, heard that Fa Xian was a famous Buddhist monk, so he could not receive Fa Xian from his city. Since then, Buddhism has become famous and spread widely in Laoshan Mountain. Later, Shishu Temple (later renamed Huiju Temple) and Lion Lotus Temple (commonly known as Chengyang Temple) were built in Laoshan. The establishment of fahai temple in the Northern Wei Dynasty marked that Buddhism in Laoshan Mountain had begun to take shape.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhism and Taoism were equally important. After the restoration of Jimo County in the Sui Dynasty, the famous temples such as Lion Lotus Academy, Jinggou Academy and Huiju Academy were rebuilt, and the scale was more magnificent and the incense was growing day by day. In the Tang Dynasty, Pu Feng, a monk, came to Laoshan from Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province, and built the Great Compassion Pavilion in the east of Qiaocun Village, Wanggezhuang Town, where he dedicated the Great Compassion Bodhisattva Guanyin, and later renamed it Xiakou Temple. Later, he built a branch named Hualin 'an in Tieqi Shandong and a branch named Fusaiji in Dongtai Village, 2.5 kilometers east of Xiakou Temple. There is also a Baiyun Temple to the south of Mount Laoshan Giant Peak. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Buddhism and Taoism lived in harmony. In the 11th year of Wanli (1583), Hanshan monk, one of the four famous monks in the Ming Dynasty, came to Laoshan. Since the 13th year of Wanli, he has spent a huge sum of money to build the magnificent Haiyin Temple in front of Sanqing Hall of the Taiqing Palace in Laoshan. Later, due to a dispute with the Taoist priest of Taiqing Palace, Taoist Geng Yilan went to Beijing to sue the court. In the 28th year of Wanli (1600), the imperial court ordered the temple to be destroyed and the palace restored. Although Buddhism in Laoshan was hit by this, it did not recover. Famous monks such as Gui Feng, Zi Hua and Ci Zhan still carry out many Buddhist activities in Laoshan, and with the support of local gentry, Buddhism in Laoshan still develops. According to rough statistics, there were more than 20 temples founded in Ming and Qing Dynasties, among which Huayan Temple, founded in the ninth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, had the greatest influence. This temple is large in scale and enjoys a good reputation. There is a tripitaka, which was published during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and a manuscript of Yuan Gui, a bookstore in the Yuan Dynasty. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Huayan Temple, Shifo Temple and fahai temple, which have a history of 1500 years, were still called the three major Buddhist temples in Laoshan. During the Republic of China, Buddhism in Laoshan went from bad to worse and gradually declined.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), under the guidance of the national ethnic and religious policies, Laoshan monks took an active part in various patriotic activities. In the climax of agricultural cooperation in 1956, the monks and Taoists in Laoshan jointly set up production cooperatives, lived a life of integrating Zen and agriculture, and embarked on the road of self-sufficiency. During the "Cultural Revolution", statues of various temples were smashed, scriptures and cultural relics were burned, monks and nuns were dismissed, and the main hall was sealed. However, some religious relics have been protected by the masses, and the Huayan Temple Tripitaka and the official Yuan Gui were rescued by the Qingdao Cultural Department. The staff of Dongfeng Shipyard in Shazikou have completely preserved the five iron buddhas of Shifo Temple and Dashi Temple. The residents of Yuantou Village took this monument rebuilt during the Qianlong period in fahai temple home and hid it.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the Party's religious policy was further implemented. During the Cultural Revolution, 65,438 monks +04 and 7 Nepalese were deported. They all implemented policies and made proper arrangements for their lives. From 65438 to 0985, the Preparatory Committee of Buddhist Association was established in Qingdao, and the government also allocated special funds to restore Huayan Temple and fahai temple in Laoshan Mountain, which were listed as cultural relics protection units in Qingdao. There are 27 cultural relics protection units in Laoshan District, including 3 provincial cultural relics protection units, 4 municipal cultural relics protection units 14 and county cultural relics protection units 10. Cultural Relics and Ancient Cultural Sites Ancient City Gu Lou Tang Academy Tomb Kang Youwei Tomb Chengzi Site Ancient City Yuruilou Kangcheng Academy Caibeigou Eastern Zhou Tomb Kang Youwei Original Tomb Lijiazhaitou Site Aoshan Acropolis Jingyan Building Huayang Academy Chengyang Han Formation Kang Youwei New Tomb Semi-front Sub-site Fushan Taikoo Hall Qingyu Academy Fangfeng Tomb-Lengjiashagou Site Xiong Ya Ancient City Dalaotang Stone House Academy Children's Crown Tomb-Bawangtai Site-Reading Building Laoshan Academy Qiu Chuji Crown Tomb Address-Blue Shangzhuang Villa Xia Shu Academy Bronze Tomb- ———— Xia Ziting —— Yu Qi's Tomb —— Ancient Temple Taiqing Palace Hualou Palace Taiping Palace Zhu Wei 'an Shangqing Palace Baiyun Cave Baifuan 'an Ming Dow Guanmingxia Cave Guandi Temple Tong Zhen Palace Guanhuayan Temple in Ningzhen, fahai temple

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), a cultural relics protection group was set up in Laoshan in 1952, and cultural relics were surveyed twice in 1956 and 1982, and 26 Jin of copper coins and 20 pieces of iron ware were unearthed in * * * *. These unearthed cultural relics are preserved in Qingdao. The ancient bronzes and ironware in the Laoshan Stone Catalogue have been lost. Ancient bronzes and ironware: ancient bronzes and seals of Dafu Island and Gangu Qianyang Village, ancient arrowheads, ancient bronzes of Gaojia, ancient halberds of Bawangtai, bronze statues of Shouyangan, bronze statues of Tongtiewa Temple, Tiewa Temple, bronze statues of big bronze, Buddha statues, iron statues, copper bottles of Yuruilou, Yingzhen, iron clock, Chengyang copper bottle and iron clock of Taiping Palace.